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    Liver Function Tests

    Uploaded by

    Krijan Man Vaidya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Liver Function Tests

    Uploaded by

    Krijan Man Vaidya
    6 views2 pages

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    6 views2 pages

    Liver Function Tests

    Uploaded by

    Krijan Man Vaidya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Liver Function tests (LFT) :

    The tests which are performed in a laboratory to analyze the functional status of liver is known as liver
    function test. Liver function tests are useful for the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and monitoring
    of liver diseases.

    Following parameters are performed in Liver function tests:

    1. Serum Bilirubin:
    It is a bile pigment and is excretory end product of heme degradation.
    Total Bilirubin: 0.2-1.2 mg/dL
    Conjugated bilirubin: 0.0-0.4 mg/dl
    Unconjugated bilirubin: 0.1-0.6 mg/dl
    They are estimated by
    a. DMSO( di-methyl Sulphoxide ) method.
    Bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulphanilic acid to give purple colour complex.
    Free bilirubin requires solubilization with DMSO.
    b. Malloy and Evelyn method: 50% methanol is used as an accelerator.
    c. Jendrasik and Grof’s method: caffeine benzoate acetate is used as accelerator.

    2. Urine bilirubin: Bilirubin in urine can be detected by Fouchet test.

    3. Serum Enzymes Derived from Liver: There are several enzymes which may be released in
    circulation in liver damage. Measurement of selected enzymes in serum is often used to assess
    liver function.

    a. SGPT ( Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminases) : Also called ALT( Alanine Amino
    Transaminase) .
    Normal range: 5-40 IU/L
    It is cytoplasmic enzyme which is more reliable and sensitive for the assessment of liver
    function.

    b. SGOT ( Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase) : Normal range: 5-45 IU/L


    It is found in both cytoplasm and mitochondria. Also known as AST ( Aspartate
    Transaminase ) .
    These enzymes are elevated in viral hepatitis, Chronic liver disease, cholestasis, cirrhosis,
    Jaundice, etc.

    c. Alkaline phosphatase: Normal range: 44-147 IU/L.


    It is mainly derived from bone and liver cells. A rise in serum alkaline phosphatase is found
    in obstructive jaundice, liver cirrhosis and hepatic tumor.

    d. GGT (Gamma Glut amyl Trans peptidase ) : Normal range: 5-40 IU/L . It is a microsomal
    enzyme widely distributed in body tissues. Sensitive index of liver abnormality. It is highly
    elevated in biliary obstruction and alcoholism.
    4. Plasma Proteins:

    a. Total Protein: Normal Range: 6-8 gm/dL


    It reflects the total amount of protein in your blood. Your body needs proteins to fight
    infections and to perform other functions. Lower amount of protein may indicate liver
    damage or disease.

    b. Albumin: Normal Range: 3-5 gm/dL. It is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion
    of plasma proteins. It is a good marker to assess chronic liver damage. In all chronic disease
    of liver, serum albumin is decreased.

    c. Globulins: Normal Range: 2-3.5 gm/dL. They are immunoglobulins produced by B-


    lymphocytes and also alpha and beta globulins produced by hepatocytes. Functional
    impairment in liver is associated with increased synthesis of globulins.

    d. AG ratio: Normal A: G ratio is 2:1. Cirrhosis of liver causes reversal of AG ratio.

    5. Prothrombin Time: Since prothrombin is synthesized by the liver, it is a useful indicator of liver
    function. Vitamin K deficiency is also a cause for prolonged prothrombin time. In case of liver
    disease, the PT remains prolonged even after parenteral administration of vitamin K.

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