1

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Examination guideline

2. Common errors and suggestions for improvement

3. Summary notes from previous grades

4. Grade 12 summary notes

5. Level 1 and level 2 questions

6. Level 3 and level 4 questions

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EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY AND MEASUREMENT

1. Measurement can be tested in the context of optimisation in calculus and two- and
three-dimensional trigonometry.

2. Composite shapes could be formed by combining a maximum of TWO of the stated

shapes.

3. The following proofs of theorems are examinable:

• The line drawn from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord;

(Grade 11)

• The line drawn from the centre of a circle that bisects a chord is perpendicular to the
chord; (Grade 11)

• The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double the size of the angle
subtended by the same arc at the circle (on the same side of the chord as the centre);
(Grade 11)
• The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary; (Grade 11)

• The angle between the tangent to a circle and the chord drawn from the point of
contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment; (Grade 11)
• A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides
proportionally; (Grade 12)

• Equiangular triangles are similar. (Grade 12)

4. Corollaries derived from the theorems and axioms are necessary in solving riders:
• Angles in a semi-circle

• Equal chords subtend equal angles at the circumference

• Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre

• In equal circles, equal chords subtend equal angles at the circumference

• In equal circles, equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre.

• The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior opposite angle of
the quadrilateral.
• If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal to the interior opposite angle of the
quadrilateral, then the quadrilateral is cyclic.
• Tangents drawn from a common point outside the circle are equal in length.

5. The theory of quadrilaterals will be integrated into questions in the examination.

6. Concurrency theory is excluded.

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 4. ACCEPTABLE REASONS: EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

In order to have some kind of uniformity, the use of the following shortened versions of the
theorem statements is encouraged.

4.1 ACCEPTABLE REASONS: EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY (ENGLISH)

THEOREM STATEMENT ACCEPTABLE REASON(S)

LINES
The adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary. ∠'s on a str line
If the adjacent angles are supplementary, the outer arms of these adj ∠'s supp
angles form a straight line.
The adjacent angles in a revolution add up to 360 . ∠'s round a pt OR ∠'s in a rev
Vertically opposite angles are equal. vert opp ∠'s =
If AB || CD, then the alternate angles are equal. alt ∠'s ; AB || CD
If AB || CD, then the corresponding angles are equal. corresp ∠'s ; AB || CD
If AB || CD, then the co-interior angles are supplementary. co-int ∠'s ; AB || CD
If the alternate angles between two lines are equal, then the lines alt ∠'s =
are parallel.
If the corresponding angles between two lines are equal, then the corresp ∠'s =
lines are parallel.
If the co-interior angles between two lines are supplementary, coint ∠'s supp
then the lines are parallel.
TRIANGLES
The interior angles of a triangle are supplementary. ∠ sum in ∆ OR sum of ∠'s in ∆
OR Int ∠'s ∆
The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior ext ∠'s of ∆
opposite angles.
The angles opposite the equal sides in an isosceles triangle are ∠'s opp equal sides
equal.
The sides opposite the equal angles in an isosceles triangle are sides opp equal ∠'s
equal.
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to Pythagoras OR
the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Theorem of Pythagoras
If the square of the longest side in a triangle is equal to the sum of Converse Pythagoras
the squares of the other two sides then the triangle is right-angled. OR
Converse Theorem of Pythagoras
If three sides of one triangle are respectively equal to three sides SSS
of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
If two sides and an included angle of one triangle are SAS OR S∠S
respectively equal to two sides and an included angle of another
triangle, the triangles are congruent.

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If two angles and one side of one triangle are respectively equal AAS OR ∠∠S
to two angles and the corresponding side in another triangle, the
triangles are congruent.
If in two right-angled triangles, the hypotenuse and one side of RHS OR 90°HS
one triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one side
of the other, the triangles are congruent

THEOREM STATEMENT ACCEPTABLE REASON(S)

The line segment joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle Midpt Theorem
is parallel to the third side and equal to half the length of the third
side
The line drawn from the midpoint of one side of a triangle, line through midpt || to 2nd side
parallel to another side, bisects the third side.
A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other line || one side of ∆
two sides proportionally. OR
prop theorem; name || lines
If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same proportion, line divides two sides of ∆ in prop
then the line is parallel to the third side.
If two triangles are equiangular, then the corresponding sides are ||| ∆’s OR equiangular ∆s
in proportion (and consequently the triangles are similar).
If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, then Sides of ∆ in prop
the triangles are equiangular (and consequently the triangles are
similar).
If triangles (or parallelograms) are on the same base (or on bases same base; same height OR
of equal length) and between the same parallel lines, then the equal bases; equal height
triangles (or parallelograms) have equal areas.
CIRCLES
The tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius/diameter of tan ⊥radius
the circle at the point of contact. tan ⊥
diameter
If a line is drawn perpendicular to a radius/diameter at the point line⊥ radius OR
where the radius/diameter meets the circle, then the line is a converse tan ⊥ radius
tangent to the circle. OR converse tan
⊥diameter
The line drawn from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a line from centre to midpt of chord
chord is perpendicular to the chord.
The line drawn from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a line from centre to chord
chord bisects the chord.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of perp bisector of chord
the circle;
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double ∠ at centre = 2 ×∠ at
the size of the angle subtended by the same arc at the circle (on circumference
the same side of the chord as the centre)

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The angle subtended by the diameter at the circumference of the ∠'s in semi-circle OR
circle is 90 . diameter subtends right angle
OR
1
∠'s in ⨀
2
If the angle subtended by a chord at the circumference of the chord subtends 90 OR
circle is 90 , then the chord is a diameter. converse ∠'s in semi-circle
Angles subtended by a chord of the circle, on the same side of the ∠'s in the same seg
chord, are equal
If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two line subtends equal ∠'s OR
points on the same side of the line segment, then the four points converse ∠'s in the same seg
are concyclic.
Equal chords subtend equal angles at the circumference of the equal chords; equal ∠'s
circle.
Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre of the circle. equal chords; equal ∠'s
Equal chords in equal circles subtend equal angles at the equal circles; equal chords; equal
circumference of the circles. ∠'s

THEOREM STATEMENT ACCEPTABLE REASON(S)

Equal chords in equal circles subtend equal angles at the centre of equal circles; equal chords; equal
the circles. ∠'s
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary Opp ∠'s of cyclic quad
If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary then Opp ∠'s quad supp OR
the quadrilateral is cyclic. converse opp ∠'s of cyclic
quad
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior ext ∠ of cyclic quad
opposite angle.
If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal to the interior ext ∠ = int opp ∠ OR
opposite angle of the quadrilateral, then the quadrilateral is cyclic. converse ext ∠ of cyclic quad
Two tangents drawn to a circle from the same point outside the Tans from common pt OR
circle are equal in length Tans from same pt
The angle between the tangent to a circle and the chord drawn tan chord theorem
from the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate
segment.
If a line is drawn through the end-point of a chord, making with converse tan chord theorem OR
the chord an angle equal to an angle in the alternate segment, then between line and chord
the line is a tangent to the circle.
QUADRILATERALS
The interior angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360 . sum of ∠'s in quad
The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel. opp sides of ||m
If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel, then the opp sides of quad are ||
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in length. opp sides of ||m

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If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal , then the opp sides of quad are =
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. OR
converse opp sides of a parm
The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal. opp ∠'s of ||m
If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are equal then the opp ∠'s of quad are = OR
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. converse opp angles of a parm
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. diag of ||m
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the diags of quad bisect each other
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. OR
converse diags of a parm
If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal and pair of opp sides = and ||
parallel, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect its area. diag bisect area of ||m
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect at right angles. diags of rhombus
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect the interior angles. diags of rhombus
All four sides of a rhombus are equal in length. sides of rhombus
All four sides of a square are equal in length. sides of square
The diagonals of a rectangle are equal in length. diags of rect
The diagonals of a kite intersect at right-angles. diags of kite
A diagonal of a kite bisects the other diagonal. diag of kite
A diagonal of a kite bisects the opposite angles diag of kite

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Common misconceptions

 Learners give incorrect or incomplete reasons.

 Learners name angles incorrectly.

 Learners make many irrelevant statements.

 Learners fail to mention the parallel lines in the reason.

 Learners unable to identify the corresponding sides and angles.

 Learners are not clear with the difference between the value of a ratio and a length.

 Learners fail to recall properties of quadrilaterals required.

 Learners are not able to use correct reasons for converses.

 Learners fail to understand given information and linking it to the diagram (Rushing to

answer questions)

 Making assumptions

 Learners fail to link questions.

 Little understanding of the difference between a theorem and its converse

 Little understanding between congruency and similarity.

 Lack of content knowledge of key axioms and corollaries

Suggestions for improvement

 Understand where learners can get ‘easy’ marks in the topic.

We show how marks are allocated and where learners can get “easy” marks in each topic.

Every mark count, so it’s silly not to know where to find the “easy” marks.

 Know what will be examined.

We break down each topic and highlight what learners will be examined on. This guide

also reminds teachers and learners of the Grade 11 topics learners will be examined on,

which are often forgotten by the time they write Grade 12 exams.

 Focus on what learners need to understand.

This guide shows teachers what learners need to understand in the topic and gives pointers

on how to master it. It further identifies the formulas relevant to each section, as well as the

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key words to look out for when answering questions – these will assist learners in knowing

what is examined and how they should approach answering the questions.

 Learn from the mistake’s others made.

The Department of Basic Education publishes a diagnostic report after releasing the final

Grade 12 results. This gives us valuable information on common mistakes learners made

in answering exam papers – if we take note of these, we can avoid our learners making the

same mistakes.

 Know and understand the calculator.

Learners often lose marks simply because they don’t know how to use their calculators, to

arrive at answers. Here too, teachers can assist learners or use the support platforms

offered with this guide, to explain how to use calculators correctly.

Gr 8 – 12 GEOMETRY (THEORY)

LINES AND ANGLES (Grade 8)

Adjacent supplementary angles Angles round a point

ˆ B
In the diagram, B ˆ  180 In the diagram, a  b  c  360
1 2

a c
b
2 1
B

Vertically opposite angles Corresponding angles

Vertically opposite angles are If AB||CD, then the corresponding

equal. angles are equal.

A x B

  x
8C
D
Alternate angles Co-interior angles

If AB||CD, then the alternate angle If AB||CD, then the co-interior angles

are equal. add up to 180 , i.e. x  y  180

A B A B
x x

x y
C D C D

TRIANGLES (Grade 8)

There are four kinds of triangles:

Scalene Triangle Isosceles Triangle

No sides are equal in length Two sides are equal

Base angles are equal

|||

|
||
||

||

Equilateral Triangle \
Right-angled triangle
All three sides are equal One interior angle is 90

All three interior angles are equal

60
||

||

60 || 60
B C

Sum of the angles of a triangle Exterior angle of a triangle

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 c b

a b a c

a  b  c  180 c ab

The Theorem of Pythagoras A

AC2  AB2  BC2

or

AB2  AC2  BC2 B C

or

BC2  AC2  AB2

Congruency of triangles (four conditions) (Grade 9)

Symbol for congruence ()

Condition 1 (SSS)
Two triangles are congruent if three
| |
||

||

sides of one triangle are equal in

||| |||
length to the three sides of the other

triangle.

Condition 2 (SS)

Two triangles are congruent if two

| |
||

||

sides and the included angle are

equal to two sides and the included

angle of the other triangle.

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Condition 3 (S or S or S)

Two triangles are congruent if two

| |
angles and one side are equal to
 
two angles and one corresponding side of the other triangle.

Condition 4

Two right-angled triangles are congruent

if the hypotenuse and a side of the one || ||

|
|
triangle is equal to the hypotenuse and a

side of the other triangle.

Similar Triangles (Grade 9)

If two triangles are similar then they are equiangular and their corresponding sides are in the
same proportion.

AB BC AC
If ABC|||DEF , then A  D, B  E , C  F and  
DE EF DF

A
D




 E F
B C

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The mid-point theorem (no proof needed) (Grade 10)

If in ∆ABC , D is the midpoint of AB and E the midpoint of AC, then

DE ║BC and DE is ½ BC.

QUADRILATERALS (Grade 10)

A polygon is a closed two-dimensional figure with three or more straight sides.

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four straight sides.

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Definitions of quadrilaterals

90

90

Parallelograms (Grade 10)

If ABCD is a parallelogram, you may assume the following properties:

AD||BC ; AB||DC
AD  BC ; AB  DC
AE  EC ; BE  ED
ˆ B
D ˆ ;D ˆ B ˆ A
ˆ ;C ˆ ;Cˆ A
ˆ
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
ˆ C
A ˆ ;Bˆ Dˆ

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In order to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, you will need to prove at least
one of the following:

a) Prove both pairs of opposite sides parallel or

b) Prove both pairs of opposite sides equal or

c) Prove the diagonals bisect each other or

d) Prove both pairs of opposite angles equal or

e) Prove one pair of opposite equal and parallel

AD||BC and AB||DC Opp sides ||

AD  BC and AB  DC Opp sides 
AE  EC and BE  ED Diagonals bisect
ˆ C
A ˆ and B
ˆ D
ˆ Opp angles 
AB||DC and AB  DC
AD||BC and AD  BC

CIRCLE GEOMETRY (Grade 11)

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SUMMARY OF THEOREMS

O is the centre
of the circle

O is the centre
of the circle

O is the centre
of the circle

O is the centre
of the circle

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 D
A
̂=𝐃
𝐀 ̂
and
𝐁 = 𝐂̂
̂

B C

Formal proofs of these four theorems must be learned

HOW TO PROVE THAT A QUADRILATERAL IS A CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL

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HOW TO PROVE THAT A LINE IS A TANGENT TO A CIRCLE

RATIO & PROPORTION (Grade 12)

Theorem 1: (formal proof required)

A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides proportionally.

line ∥ one side of ∆

A AD AE

DB EC

AB AC

AD AE
D E
AB AC

BD CE

B C

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SIMILARITY (Grade 12)

Theorem 2: (formal proof required)

If the corresponding angles of two triangles are equal, then the corresponding sides are in
proportion (and consequently the triangles are similar).

l∥ ∆s OR equiangular ∆s

A
D




 E F
B C

If: A  D, B  E , C  F

Then: ABC|||DEF

AB BC AC
Therefore:  
DE EF DF

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THE THEOREM OF PYTHAGORAS (Grade 12)

Theorem 3: (no formal proof required)

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse side is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides.
Pythagoras OR Pyth.

QR2 = PQ2 + PR2

Q R
S

 By using the same diagram, the following important deductions are made:

1. ∆PQR lll ∆SQP lll ∆SPR and

2. ∆PQS lll ∆RQP: 𝑄𝑃2 = 𝑄𝑆 . 𝑄𝑅 Perp. from the right <ed vertex to the hyp.
∆PRS lll ∆QRP: 𝑅𝑃2 = 𝑅𝑆 . 𝑅𝑄
∆PQS lll ∆RPS: 𝑃𝑆 2 = 𝑄𝑆 . 𝑅𝑆

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EXAMINABLE EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY PROOFS IN GRADE 12

GRADE 11

The line segment from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a chord will bisect the
1. chord.

Constr: Draw OA and OB

In ∆OAM and ∆OBM

̂1 = 𝑀
𝑀 ̂2 = 90° [give]

OA = OB [radii]

OM = OM [common]

∴ ∆OAM ≡ ∆OBM [RHS]

∴AB = MB

HINT : GIRACO (G-GIVEN, R-RADII,C-COMMON )

2. In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle with A, B and C drawn on the circle.
Prove the theorem that states that an angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle on
the circumference of the circle, subtended by the same chord/arc.

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HINT: RABASEX (R-RADII ,BAS-BASE ANGLE (APES) , EX-EXTERIOR ANGLE )

21
3.
Prove the theorem that states that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
supplementary.

Construction: Draw radii OD and OB

O1  2 Aˆ [< at centre =

2 ×< at circumference]

O2  2Cˆ [< at centre =

2 × < at circumference]

O1  O2 2 Aˆ  2Cˆ

360  2( Aˆ  Cˆ ) [revolution]

180  Aˆ  Cˆ

HINT: CECERE ( CE-CENTRE THEOREM ,CE-CENTRE THEOREM ,RE-

REVOLUTION )

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4. In the diagram below the circle with centre P, passes through K, L and M. MN is a
tangent to the circle at M. KM, KL and ML are joined. Prove the theorem that states
that the angle between a tangent to a circle and a chord drawn from the point of contact
is equal to an angle on the circle subtended by the chord in the opposite segment.

Construction: Draw diameter FM and join KF

̂1 + 𝐾
𝐾 ̂2 = 90° ( ∠ 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 − 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 )

̂1 + 𝑀
𝑀 ̂2 = 90° ( 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 ⊥ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 )

̂1 = 𝑀
But 𝐾 ̂2 ( ∠ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 )

̂2 = 𝑀
∴𝐾 ̂1

SEMI O RA⊥TA BUTTERFLY (SEMI-SEMI CIRCLE,RATA-RADIUS

PERPENDICULAR TO TANGENT ,BUTTERFLY -SAME SEGMENT )

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GRADE 12

1. Use the diagram to prove the theorem which states that a line drawn parallel to one
side of a triangle divides the other two sides proportionally, that is prove that
XK XL
 .
KY LZ

Constr: Join KZ and LY and draw h1 from K  XL and

h2 from L  XK:

1
XK  h1
area XKL 2 XK
 
area LYK 1 KY
KY  h1
2

1
XL  h2
area XKL 2 XL
 
area KLZ 1 LZ
LZ  h2
2
area XKL  area XKL [common ]

But area LYK  area KLZ [same base & height ;

LK || YZ]

area XKL area ΔXKL

 
area LYK area ΔKLZ

XK XL
 
KY LZ

24
2. ̂=D
̂, B ̂ and Ĉ = F̂. Use the diagrams below to prove the
̂=E
In the diagram below A
AB AC
theorem that states =
DE DF

Construction: Draw ST with S on AB and T on AC

such that AS = DE and AT = DF

In AST and DEF

AS = DE (construction)

̂=D
A ̂ (given)

AT = DF (construction)

∴ AST ≡ DEF (S, , S)

Ŝ1 = E
̂ (from congruency)

̂
=B (given)

 ST // BC (corresp. s =)

AB AC
 = (line ll one side of ∆)
AS AT

AB AC
 = (construction)
DE DF

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GUIDELINES, SUMMARY NOTES, & STRATEGIES

1. Completing a statement of a theorem in words.

2. Determining the value of an angle in two ways: numerical and / or in terms
of the variable(s)
3. Proofs in riders: Direct and indirect proofs
4. Similarity and Proportionality Theorems
• Proportionality theorem: Question involving parallel lines in
proportions, Areas (common angle vs. common vertex/same height)
• Similarity theorem: AAA, ratios after similar triangles.
5. Examinable proofs to be known

1. COMPLETING A STATEMENT OF A THEOREM IN WORDS.

Know by heart all the theorems and be able to complete the statement.

2. DETERMINING THE VALUE OF AN ANGLE

 Know all the theorems about lines, triangles and circles (Centre group,
non-centre group, tangent group and cyclic quad group).
 Every statement must come with a reason and reasons must be stated
according to the list of acceptable reasons from the exam guidelines
E.g. base∠'s of an iso. △ (unacceptable) the acceptable reason is: ∠'s opp = sides

3. PROOFS IN RIDERS

Know how theorems and their converses are being formed in diagrams.
 When given 3 points on the circumference look out for a possibility of a
triangle. If one side is produced then you may expect exterior angle of a
triangle. If there is a tangent on the circle then there is a possibility of
having a Tan Chord Theorem
 When given 4 or 5 points on the circumference then there is a possibility
that 4 points may be joined and then there is a cyclic quad. In a case that
one side is produced then you may expect exterior angles of a cyclic quad.
 Start with a given angle linking with what is required to prove
 Visualization: Mind picture of diagrams of theorems.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT PROOFS IN RIDERS.

 In Geometry we mostly use angles to prove in questions.
1. Direct proof question: Prove A = B
2. Indirect proof question: Prove that a line // to another line.

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 Remember in Euclidean geometry- we mostly use angles to prove. This question
is not asking about the angles directly. Here we need to prove sides but using
angles indirectly. Why indirectly? Because we mostly use angles to prove.
First, we need to change this question to be direct, and then prove. If we say it
must be direct we mean that it must ask to prove angles 1st, then conclude by
stating the sides that are parallel

Alternative approach to solving riders

DoctoR CaPe Town (DR CPT)

Diameter

∠'s in semi-circle

Radius

 line from centre to chord ∠ at centre = 2 ×∠ at

circumference
 ∠'s opp equal sides

27
 Cyclic quad

Opp ∠'s of cyclic quad

ext ∠ of cyclic quad ∠'s in the same seg

equal chords; equal ∠'s

Parallel lines

x A B A B
A B x x

x y
x D C D C D
C

corresp ∠'s ; AB || CD alt ∠'s ; AB || CD X + Y =180 co-int ∠'s ; AB || CD

vert opp ∠'s =

 

28
 line || one side of ∆ Midpt Theorem, DE||BC

Tangents

tan chord theorem

Tans from common pt

29
30
31
32
AREA OF TRIANGLES IN PROPORTIONALITY

33
 GRADE 12
LEVEL 1 AND LEVEL 2 QUESTIONS

34
QUESTION 1

1. In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle NAM and OPA ⊥ MPN. MN = 48 units
and OP = 7 units.

1.1 Calculate with reasons the length of PA. (5)

QUESTION 2

In the diagram below, PQ is the chord of circle O. OR ⊥ PQ and OR intersect PQ at T. If the

radius of the circle is 13 cm and PT = 12 cm.

Calculate the length of:

2.1 PQ (2)

2.2 PR (4)

[6]

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QUESTION 3

In the diagram drawn below, O is the centre of the circle XCY. COT ⊥ XY.
3
OC = 𝑟 and XY = 2 𝑟

4+√7
Prove, stating reasons, that CT = 𝑟 (6)
4

QUESTION 4

AB is a diameter of then circle ABCD. OD is draw parallel to BC and meets AC at E.

If the radius is 10 cm and AC = 16 cm, calculate the length of ED. (5)

36
QUESTION 5

In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle ABD. F is a point on chord AB such that DOF⊥
AB. AB = FD = 8 cm and OF = 𝑥 cm.

Determine the length of the radius of the circle. (5)

QUESTION 6

In the diagram, PR and PQ are equal chords of the circle with centre M. QS is perpendicular
to PR at S. PS = 𝑥 cm and MR is drawn.

6.1 Express, giving reasons, QS in terms of 𝑥. (5)

6.2 If 𝑥 = √12 and MS = 1 unit, calculate the length of the radius of the circle. (2)

6.3 Calculate, giving reasons the size of ̂P (5)

[12]

37
QUESTION 7

In the diagram below, the circle with centre O passes through A, B, C and D such that BOD
̂ E = 42°
is a diameter. BD is extended to E such that FCE is a tangent to the circle at C. AB
and DB ̂ C= 25°

Calculate:

7.1 BĈD (2)

7.2 ̂1
A (2)

7.3 ̂2
O (2)

7.4 Ĉ4 (2)

[8]

38
QUESTION 8

In the diagram, TAN is a tangent to the circle at A. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. BD is

drawn and produced to meet the tangent at T. B ̂1 = 30° and D
̂ 2 = 51°, TAN ∥ CB.

Calculate giving reasons, the size of:

8.1 ̂1
A (2)

8.2 ̂
T (2)

8.3 ̂1
B (2)

8.4 Ĉ (2)

[8]

39
QUESTION 9

O is the centre of the circle in the diagram with chord CD parallel to diameter AB. AC is
produced to F and EG is a tangent to the circle. AB̂ C = 35° and Ĉ2 = 54°.

Calculate, with reasons, the sizes of the following angles:

9.1 ̂1
E (2)

9.2 Ĉ2 (2)

9.3 Ĉ3 (2)

9.4 ̂D
AE (2)

3.5 ̂3
E (3)

[11]

40
QUESTION 10

In the diagram below, O is the centre of circle TRNM. MP is a tangent to the circle at M such
that RT produced meet at P. OM intersects TN at K. K is the midpoint of TN.

̂ T = 40° and M
PM ̂ 3 = 26°

Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

10.1 ̂M
TO (4)

10.2 ̂
N (4)

10.3 ̂3
T (3)
[11]

41
QUESTION 11

In the diagram below, the circle having centre O, passes through A, B, C and D, with

̂ B = 130°. EBF is a tangent to the circle at B with EF∥AD. BOG is a straight line.
AO

Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

11.1 ̂1
D (2)

11.2 ̂1
B (2)

11.3 ̂D
BA (1)

11.4 Ĉ (2)

11.5 ̂3
B (3)

√7
11.6 Calculate the length of GD, if AD = units (3)
2

[13]

42
QUESTION 12

In the diagram below, TAP is a tangent to circle ABCDE at A. AE∥BC and DC = DE.

̂ E = 40° and AE
TA ̂B = 60°

12.1 Identify TWO cyclic quadrilaterals. (2)

12.2 Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

̂2
12.2.1 B (2)

̂1
12.2.2 B (2)

̂
12.2.3 D (2)

̂1
12.3.4 E (3)

[11]

43
QUESTION 13

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. BD is a diameter of the circle. GEH is a
tangent to the circle at E. F and C are two points on the circle, then FB, FE, BC, CE and BE
are drawn. Ê1 = 32° and E ̂3 = 56°.

Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

13.1 ̂2
E (2)

13.2 ̂C
EB (3)

13.3 F̂ (4)
[9]

44
 GRADE 12
LEVEL 1 AND LEVEL 2
SOLUTIONS

45
QUESTION 1

46
QUESTION 2

47
QUESTION 3

48
QUESTION 4

49
QUESTION 5

50
QUESTION 6

51
QUESTION 7

52
QUESTION 8

53
QUESTION 9

54
QUESTION 10

55
 QUE
STIO
N 11

11.1

56
QUESTION 12

57
QUESTION 13

58
59
 GRADE 12
LEVEL 3 AND LEVEL 4 QUESTIONS

60
 QUESTION 1

QUESTION 2

61
 QUESTION 3

QUESTION 4

62
QUESTION 5

63
QUESTION 6

QUESTION 7

64
QUESTION 8

8.1

8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3

65
 QUESTION 9

9.1
9.1
9.2
9.1

66
 QUESTION 10

10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.1
10.3
10.2
10.4
10.3

67
 QUESTION1110
QUESTION

11.1
11.1
11.2
11.2
11.2

68
 QUESTION 12

12.1
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.3

69
 QUESTION
QUESTION
QUESTION12
1312

13.1
13.1.2
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.2
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.3

70
 QUESTION
QUESTION1414

14.1
14.1
14.2
14.2
13.1.1
14.3
14.3
13.1.1

71
QUESTION 15

15.1
15.2
15.2.1
15.2.2
15.2.3

72
GRADE 12 LEVEL 3 AND 4
SOLUTIONS

73
 QUESTION 1

QUESTION 2

74
QUESTION 3

75
QUESTION 4

76
QUESTION 5

77
78
QUESTION 6

79
QUESTION 7

QUESTION 8

8.1

8.2

80
 8.3

QUESTION 9

QUESTION 10

81
82
QUESTION 11

83
QUESTION 13

84
QUESTION 14

85
14.3

86
QUESTION 15

15.1
1

15.4
21

15.3
1

15.4
1

87