Substation Engineering - HAPG-min

23-06-2021
Substation Design Engineering

VILT Course - Online Training on Substation Engineering
Rijwan.Sh. Kudalkar | Principal Technical Consultant | 97243 34575 | [email protected]
POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

2021-06-21 © Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2021. All rights reserved
Content
1. Introduction
2. Various Switching Configuration
3. Interlocking & Protection philosophy
4. Basics of layout engineering
5. Substation design calculation
6. Equipment & accessories
7. Statutory requirements & Safety in substation
HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2021. All rights reserved
1
23-06-2021
Introduction

Introduction
What is Substation
– Substation is an Electrical installation where power is controlled for transmission & distribution
purpose.
– Substations can be categorized as:
• Power evacuation substation
• Substation part of Transmission system
• Substation part of Distribution system

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Introduction : The Electric Utility
Power Evacuation Substation

Transmission Substation
Switching Substation
Distribution Substation

Introduction
Power Evacuation substation

Located adjacent to the Power Plant
– Preferred voltage level
• 765 kV
• 400 kV
– Evacuation voltage level depends on
• Quantum of power to be evacuated (size of power plant)
• Distance of Transmission
• Gird network voltage of surrounding transmission system
– Normally built by
• Utilities (e.g. NTPC, NHPC, Captive Power Plant by industries)
• Independent Power Producer (IPP)

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Introduction
Transmission Substation
Location is decided based on Transmission Grid Network
• 765kV
• 420kV
• 245kV
– Transmission voltage depends on
• Quantum of power to be received / transmitted
• Length of transmission line
• Utilities (e.g. Power Grid, State Electricity Boards)

Introduction
Distribution substation
Location is near the load
• 245kV
• 145kV
• 72.5/36 kV
– Station voltage level depends on
• Demand of power
• Utility norms of distribution
• Utilities (e.g. State Electricity Broads)
• Industries

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Layout Engineering

Layout Engineering
What is Substation Layout ?

– Substation Layout is the representation of busbar configuration adopted for a given substation
taking care of all the statutory requirements
– Layout Engineering . . . .
• is the basic document to be sent to Customer / Consultants for approval
• forms the basis of entire project scope
• forms basis for engineering estimates
• form input for civil & structure design
• basic document for statutory approval

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Layout Engineering
Typical
Substation
Plan Layout
Incoming Line Bay Single Bus Bar Outgoing

Transformer Bay

11
Layout Engineering
Typical
Substation
Section Layout
Isolator Transformer Structural Column

Circuit Breaker Bus Post Insulator Structural Beam
Current Transformer String Insulator &
Capacitor Voltage Hardware
Transformer AL Tube Busbar
Surge Arrester Earth Wire

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Layout Engineering
Following details form the input for layout engineering:

– Bay & Busbar configuration
– Bay width & depth, Height of busbar, Distance to fence, Building and total dimensions.
– Statutory clearances (Phase to Phase, Phase to Earth, Sectional clearance)
– Lightning Mast, Gantries (Column & Beam), String Insulators, Busbar, Equipment etc.
– Position of various drive box, junction box, Marshalling box.
– Maintenance aspect for Transformer, Reactor, CB.
– Illumination requirement.
– Calculations like EDF ( deciding max safe span length& location of BPI) , DSLP (locating LM).

13
Layout Engineering
Bay Width will depend on …. Distances in between equipment will

depend on..
– Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth – Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth
clearances clearances
– Sectional Clearances – Sectional Clearances
– Tower width – Position of switch cubicle, junction box,
– Swing of conductor drive box etc.
– Bird clearances – Maintainability of equipment
– Cable trench routing

– Maintainability of equipment
– Tandem Isolator arrangement

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Layout Engineering
Sectional
Working
Clearance

15
Layout Engineering
CLEARANCES

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Layout Engineering
Standard Bay System

Voltage
Phase to Phase
Distance
Phase to Earth
Distance
Bay width
Sectional
Clearance
Width &
kV mm mm mm mm
Clearances 66 2000 2000 8000 3000
132 2700 2500 9400 3500
132
3000 3000 12000 3500
(Standard)
220
4500 4000 17000 4500
(standard)
220
4500 4500 18000 4500
(Industry)
220 (IPP) 5000 4000 18000 4500

400 6000 6000 24000 6000
17
Layout Engineering
Standard Lighting Impulse Minimum Clearance (mm) Minimum Clearance (mm)

Standard Bay Withstand Voltage (kVp) Rod-Structure Conductor-Structure
Width & 20 60 -
40 60 -
Clearances 60 90 -
Note 75 120 -
– The Standard lightning
95 160 -
impulse is applicable phase-
to-phase and phase-to-earth. 125 220 -
145 270 -
– For phase-to-earth, the
minimum clearance for 170 320 -
conductor-structure and rod-
structure is applicable. 250 480 -
325 630 -
– For phase-to-phase, the
450 900 -
minimum clearance for rod-
structure is applicable.
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Layout Engineering

Width & 550 1100

650 1300
Clearances 750 1500
Note 850 1700 1600
950 1900 1700
to-phase and phase-to-earth. 1050 2100 1900
1175 2350 2200
minimum clearance for 1300 2600 2400
structure is applicable. 1425 2850 2600
1550 3100 2900
1675 3350 3100
19
Layout Engineering

Width & 1800 3600 3300

1950 3900 3600
Clearances 2100 4200 3900
Note
to-phase and phase-to-earth.

minimum clearance for

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Switching Configuration

21
What is Busbar configuration ?

– Busbar configuration or Bus switching scheme is the circuit adopted for substation based on
following:
• System reliability
• Operational flexibility
• Ease of maintenance
• Limitation of fault level
• Simplicity of protection system
• Ease of extension
• Avaibility of land
• Cost

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Single Bus
With Sectionaliser
Scheme

23
Single Bus
Scheme
Plan Layout

24
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Single Bus
Scheme
Section Layout

25
Single Bus
Scheme
Bus
Sectionalizer

26
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Switching Configuration - Single Bus Scheme
Application Features
– Industrial stations with voltage level – Simple system
generally up to 145kV • Ease of Operation & maintenance
– Also used for 245kV station with 2/3 bays • Single level bus layout
• Easily expandable
– Very simple Control & Protection philosophy
– Large saving in space
– No redundancy

27
Switching Configuration - Double Bus Scheme
Double Bus with two Main & Double Bus with one Main & Double Bus with one Main &
without Transfer one Transfer one Main cum Transfer

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Application of Transfer Bus

Transfer Bus
Main Bus
Transfer Bus
Coupler

29
Switching Configuration - Double Main

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Switching Configuration - One Main & Transfer

31
Switching Configuration - One Main & Transfer

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Switching Configuration - Main & Main cum transfer

33

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35
Switching Configuration - Two Bus Scheme
– Normally this is used for most industrial – Simpler system
stations and some time small power – Better availability as additional bus is
evacuation system provided
– Breaker can be taken out for maintenance
where transfer bus feature is provided

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Three Bus
Scheme Transfer
Main 2
Main 1

37
Main Bus#1 Main Bus#2 Transfer Bus

38
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Main Main Transfer

Bus#1 Bus#2 Bus

39
Three Bus Main Bus#1 Main Bus#2

(Bus Coupler)

40
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Three Bus
(Bus Transfer) Main Bus#1 Main Bus#2 Transfer Bus

41
Switching Configuration - Three Bus Scheme
– Power evacuation station – Independent two buses sharing the feeder
– Interconnecting substation for transmission – Better load management
lines – Better reliability
– Heavy Industrial stations viz. Steel, – One transfer bay is in-built for redundancy
Aluminium, Petro-chemicals of one bay
– Complex Control & Protection system

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One & Half CB

Scheme
Main-1
Main-2

43
One & Half CB

Scheme

44
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Switching Configuration - One & Half CB Scheme
– Mostly this configuration is adopted where – Very high reliability
high reliability is required – Costly because of increase no. of Circuit
– Power evacuation station for big power plant Breaker
– Interconnecting transmission substations – Complex Control & Protection philosophy
with 420/245kV level

45
Switching Configuration - Application
Power Generating Stations Transmission Stations Distribution Stations

– Double Bus Scheme – Double Bus scheme – Single Bus scheme
– Three Bus scheme • Main & Main cum transfer – Single Bus with sectionalizer
• Two main & one transfer – Three Bus scheme – Double Bus scheme
– One & Half CB Scheme • Two main & one transfer • Main & transfer
– One & Half CB Scheme – Double Main & Transfer (Industrial
customer)

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Switching Configuration – GIS Substation
Important Aspects in Specification - Technical Requirements - Service Continuity Requirement
– For One & half breaker bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar and
feeder is permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.
– For Double Main bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar permitted out of
service during maintenance and repair/replacement.
– During a fault in GIS compartment other than CB compartment, maximum one bus bar and/or one
feeder permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2021. All rights reserved 47
47
GIS schemes E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08
(Switching 110kV / 2500A / 31,5kA
option
Configuration)
Double
Busbar
1000
500
3700
5500
option
E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08
9150
12500

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49

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51
Substation Design Engineering

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Substation Interlock Philosophy

Virtual Instructor Led Training - CBIP
Keval Velani | Technical Consultant | 63667 66636 | [email protected]
POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Flow of Session
Interlock
Philosophy &
Fundamental Switchyard
of Protection Configuration
Fundamental Philosophy
of Interlock
Quiz Round Philosophy

Substation Interlock Philosophy © Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2021. All rights reserved 2
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6/23/2021
Quiz Round

Isolator can be operated to make or break load current but not the fault current
FALSE

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Isolator can be operated if we have same voltage on both the sides
TRUE

Location of CT doesn’t make any difference in the way feeder or bus is

protected as long as current flowing through it is same
FALSE

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Requirement of Interlock between Equipment – Why ??
Interlock System
Protection Protection System Protection

of of Human
Equipment Control System Being
Standard Operation
Procedure

Fundamental of Interlock Philosophy
Fundamental Concepts
– Interlocking facilities must be installed in switchgear for circuit breakers, disconnectors and
earthing switches to prevent damages and accidents in case of maloperations.
– The interlocking conditions for a high voltage switching device is dependent on the switchyard
configuration and the present status of other relevant switching devices
CIRCUIT BREAKER
– Normally kept interlock free
– CB is operated only when isolator is fully open or close
ISOLATOR
– Isolator is allowed to operate (open offload) when associate
• Circuit breaker & Earth-Switches are open
• Isolator permitted to operate for bus transfer when voltage on both the sides are same
EARTH SWITCH
– Earth switch is allowed to operate when adjacent isolators are open
– Earth switch is used to earth the trap charges
– CB Local Closing both side of earth-switches should be closed.

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Fundamental of Protection Philosophy
Busbar Busbar Busbar

Zones of Zone Zone Zone
Protection GT Feeder Tranfo Feeder
Zone Zone Zone
Zone
Generator, Generator Transformer & Transformer Unit Protection Zone

Interlock Philosophy & Switchyard Configuration
1. Single Busbar Scheme

2. Double Busbar Scheme
3. Double Main & Transfer Scheme
4. One & Half Breaker Scheme

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Single Busbar Scheme

Single Line Diagram

11
Single Busbar Scheme – Representative Diagram
1
Bus
1
Breaker
2
Line / Trafo
Line
/Trafo 1 Power Flow
Bus-1 Bus-2
2 Bus
Buses
Sectionalizer
1+1
Breaker
4
Line / Trafo
Line
/Trafo 2 Power Flow
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Single Busbar Scheme – Representative Diagram
Advantages:
Cost effective
Simple interlock & operation
Simple protection philosophy
Disadvantages:
CB maintenance: Feeder shutdown
B/B maintenance: Bus section shutdown
Bus-1 Bus-2
Bus
Sectionalizer

13
Double Busbar Scheme

Single Line Diagram
Interlocking Philosophy

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Main 1 & Main 2 Busbar Scheme – Representative Diagram
Main Bus-1
2
Buses
Main Bus-2
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT
Line Main B/C
/ICT 3 Power Flow 52 52
1st from Bus-1
flow via Main-52
2nd from Bus-2
flow via Main-52
3rd from Bus-1 / Bus-2
LINE
flow via B/C-52 B/C
/ ICT
15
Main Bus-1
2
Buses
Main Bus-2
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT
Line Main B/C
1st from Bus-1
flow via Main-52
2nd from Bus-2
flow via Main-52
3rd from Bus-1 / Bus-2
LINE
flow via B/C-52 B/C
/ ICT
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Advantages:
Main Bus-1
Costlier compared to single bus
Interlock for Isolator & CB closing Main Bus-2
Simple protection philosophy:
- CT switching
B/B maintenance: Interruption free
Disadvantages: Main B/C

CB maintenance: Feeder shutdown 52 52
LINE
B/C
/ ICT
17
Interlocking – Double Busbar Scheme

201 202 203
LINE BAY BC BAY TRAFO BAY
220kV Main Bus - 2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202 89AE2 202 89BE2

201 89A 201 89B 202 89A 202 89B 203 89A 203 89B
201 89AE 202 89AE1 202 89BE1 203 89AE
201 52 202 52 203 52
201 89L1 202 CT 203 89T1

201 89L 203 89T
201 89L2 203 89T2
BUS BUS
CVT2 CVT1
201 CT 203 CT
201 WT
Q: What interlocks / positions needs to be checked before we close 89A?
201 LA 203 LA
201 CVT
203 TRAFO

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Interlocking – Double Busbar Scheme – Line Bay
Isolator Control Logic
220kV Main Bus -2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
20189A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
201 89AE OPEN
201-52 202-52
201 52 OPEN
&
201 89LE1 OPEN 201 89A I/L OK
201-89LE1 BUS 202-CT BUS
>
201-89L CVT1 CVT2 201 89B OPEN
201-89LE2
201-CT
89A 202 BC BAY CLOSE
G
&
&
201-WT 201 89B CLOSE
201-LA
G
202 BUS 89AE2 OPEN
201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
19
220kV Main Bus -2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
20189A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
201 89AE OPEN
201-52 202-52
201 52 OPEN
&
201 89LE1 OPEN 201 89B I/L OK
>
201-89L CVT1 CVT2 201 89A OPEN
201-89LE2
201-CT
89B 202 BC BAY CLOSE
G
&
&
201-WT 201 89A CLOSE
201-LA
G
202 BUS 89BE2 OPEN
201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
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220kV Main Bus -2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
201-89A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
201-52 202-52
201 89AE OPEN

201-89L CVT1 CVT2 201 52 OPEN
201-89LE2
201-CT
89L 201 89LE1 OPEN
& 201 89L I/L OK
201 89LE2 OPEN

201-WT
201-LA
201-CVT

21
Earth Switch Control Logic
220kV Main Bus - 2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
20189A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
201 89A OPEN
201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
201-52 202-52 89AE 201
201
89B
89L
OPEN
OPEN
& 201 89AE I/L OK

201-89L CVT1 CVT2 201 89A OPEN
89LE1
201-89LE2
201 89B OPEN & 201 89LE1 I/L OK
201-CT
201 89L OPEN
201-WT
201-LA
201 89L OPEN 201 89LE2 I/L OK
201-CVT
89LE2 201
LINE CVT NO
VOLTAGE
OPEN
&

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Interlocking – Double Busbar Scheme – Bus Coupler Bay
220kV Main Bus - 2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
20189A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
202 89AE1 OPEN 201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
202 89AE2 OPEN 201-52 202-52

89A 202 52 OPEN
& 202 89A I/L OK
202 89BE1 OPEN 201-89LE1 BUS 202-CT BUS

201-89L CVT1 CVT2
201-89LE2
202 89BE1 OPEN 201-CT
202 89BE2 OPEN
89B 202 52 OPEN

& 202 89B I/L OK
201-WT
201-LA
202 89AE1 OPEN
201-CVT

23
Interlocking – Double Busbar Scheme – Bus Coupler Bay
Earth Switch Control Logic
220kV Main Bus - 2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202-89AE2 202-89BE2
202 89A OPEN 20189A 201-89B 202-89A 202-89B
89AE1 202 89B OPEN
& 202 89AE I/L OK 201-89AE 202-89AE1 202-89BE1
201-52 202-52
202 89A OPEN
89BE1 202 89B OPEN

& 202 89BE I/L OK
201-89L CVT1 CVT2
201-89LE2
202 89A OPEN
89AE2 201 89A OPEN

G
& BB 89AE2 I/L OK 201-CT
201-WT
201-LA
202 89B OPEN
89BE2 201 89B OPEN

G
& BB 89BE2 I/L OK 201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
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Main & Transfer Busbar Scheme – Representative Diagram
Transfer Bus
2
Buses Main Bus
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT Main TB/C
52 52
Line
/ICT 3 Power Flow
1st From Main Bus
Flow via Main-52
2nd From Transfer Bus LINE
Flow via TBC-52 / ICT
TB/C
25
Transfer Bus
2
Buses Main Bus
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT Main TB/C
52 52
Line
/ICT 3 Power Flow
1st From Main Bus
Flow via Main-52
2nd From Transfer Bus LINE
Flow via TBC-52 / ICT
TB/C
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Advantages:
Transfer Bus
Costlier compared to single bus
Interlock for Isolator & CB closing Main Bus
CB maintenance: Interruption free for one

breaker at a time
Disadvantages: Main TB/C

Protection philosophy: 52 52
- CT / trip circuit switching
B/B maintenance: shutdown
More than one CB maintenance at a time:
Needs shutdown of all feeders except one
LINE
TB/C
/ ICT
27
Main 1 & Main 2 cum Transfer – Representative Diagram
Main Bus-1
2
Buses
Main Bus-2
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT
Line Main B/C
1st From Bus-1
Flow via Main-52
2nd From Bus-2
Flow via Main-52
3rd From Bus-1 / Bus-2 LINE
Flow via B/C-52 B/C
/ ICT
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6/23/2021
Main Bus-1
2
Buses
Main Bus-2
1
Breaker
1
Line / ICT
Line Main B/C
1st From Bus-1
Flow via Main-52
2nd From Bus-2
Flow via Main-52
3rd From Bus-1 / Bus-2 LINE
Flow via B/C-52 B/C
/ ICT
29
Advantages:
Main Bus-1
Costlier compared to main1 & main2 / Main &
transfer bus scheme
Main Bus-2
Interlock for Isolator & CB closing
OR
CB maintenance: Interruption free for one
breaker at a time
Main B/C
52 52
Disadvantages:
Protection philosophy: Complex
LINE
B/C
/ ICT
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6/23/2021
Double Main & Transfer Scheme

Single Line Diagram

31
DMT Busbar Scheme – Representative Diagram
Transfer Bus
Main Bus-2
Main Bus-1
Main B/C TB/C

52 52 52
LINE
B/C TB/C
/ ICT
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6/23/2021
Transfer Bus
Main Bus-2
Main Bus-1
Main B/C TB/C

52 52 52
LINE
B/C TB/C
/ ICT
33
Advantages:
Costlier compared to main1 & main2 / Main Transfer Bus
& transfer bus scheme Main Bus-2
Interlock for Isolator & CB closing Main Bus-1
AND Main B/C TB/C
CB maintenance: Interruption free for one 52 52 52
breaker at a time
LINE
B/C TB/C
Disadvantages: / ICT
Protection philosophy: Complex

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Interlocking – Double Main & Transfer Scheme
201 202 203 204

LINE BAY TRANSFER BAY BC BAY TRAFO BAY
220kV Transfer Bus
220kV Main Bus - 2
220kV Main Bus - 1
202- 203-
89CE1 89BE1
201-89A 201-89B 201-89C 202-89A 202-89B 202-89C 203-89A 203-89B 204-89A 204-89B 204-89C
201-89AE 202-89AE 202- 203- 204-89AE
89CE2 89BE2
201 202 203 204
52 52 52 52
201 89LE1 204 89TE1

202 CT 203 CT
201 89L 204 89T
201 89LE2 204 89TE2
201 CT 204 CT
201 WT
204 LA
201 LA
201 CVT
204 TRFO

35
Interlocking – Double Main & Transfer Scheme – Line Bay

220kV Transfer Bus
220kV Main Bus - 2 Isolator Control Logic

220kV Main Bus - 1
203-89AE1 203-89BE1
20189A 201-89B 201-89C 203-89A 203-89B
201-89AE 203-89AE2 203-89BE2
201-52 203-52 201 89AE OPEN
201 52 OPEN
&
201 89LE1 OPEN 201 89A I/L OK
>
201 89B OPEN
201-89LE1
201-89L
203-CT 89A 203 BC BAY CLOSE
G
&
201-89LE2 &
201 89B CLOSE
201-CT 203 BUS 89AE2 OPEN

G
201-WT
201-LA
201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
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6/23/2021

220kV Transfer Bus

220kV Main Bus - 1
203-89AE1 203-89BE1
20189A 201-89B 201-89C 203-89A 203-89B
201-89AE 203-89AE2 203-89BE2
201-52 203-52 201 89AE OPEN
201 52 OPEN
&
201 89LE1 OPEN 201 89B I/L OK
>
201 89A OPEN
201-89LE1
201-89L
203-CT 89B 203 BC BAY CLOSE
G
&
201-89LE2 &
201 89A OPEN
201-CT 202 BUS 89AE2 OPEN

G
201-WT
201-LA
201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
37

220kV Transfer Bus

220kV Main Bus - 1
203-89AE1 203-89BE1
20189A 201-89B 201-89C 203-89A 203-89B
201-89AE 203-89AE2 203-89BE2 201 52 OPEN
201 89LE1 OPEN & 201 89L I/L OK
201-52 203-52 201 89LE2 OPEN
201 89C OPEN
201 52 CLOSE
89L
G
201-89LE1 203-CT 202 52 CLOSE
>
&
G
201-89L 203 52 CLOSE
201-89LE2 &
G
202 52 OPEN
& >
201-CT 201 89A CLOSE
G
202 52 OPEN
201-WT &
201 89B CLOSE
201-LA
201-CVT

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
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6/23/2021

220kV Transfer Bus
220kV Main Bus - 2 Earthing Switch Control Logic

220kV Main Bus - 1
203-89AE1 203-89BE1
20189A 201-89B 201-89C 203-89A 203-89B
201-89AE 203-89AE2 203-89BE2
201 89A OPEN
201-52 203-52
89AE 201
201
89B
89L
OPEN
OPEN
& 201 89AE I/L OK
201 89A OPEN

201-89LE1 203-CT
201-89L 89LE1 201 89B OPEN & 201 89LE1 I/L OK
201-89LE2 201 89L OPEN
201-CT 201 89L OPEN 201 89LE2 I/L OK
89LE2 201
LINE CVT NO
VOLTAGE
OPEN
&
201-WT
201-LA
201-CVT

39
201 52 OPEN
201 89LE1 OPEN & 201 89L I/L OK
201 89LE2 OPEN
201 89C OPEN
201 52 CLOSE
G
89L 202
203
52
52
CLOSE
CLOSE
G
&
>
&
G
202 52 OPEN
& >
201 89A CLOSE
G
202 52 OPEN
&
201 89B CLOSE
G
202 TBC 52 OPEN
89C - ALL OTHER 89C OPEN

G
& 201 89C I/L OK

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
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6/23/2021
201 52 OPEN
201 89LE1 OPEN & 201 89L I/L OK
201 89LE2 OPEN
201 89C OPEN
201 52 CLOSE
G
89L 202
203
52
52
CLOSE
CLOSE
G
&
>
&
G
202 52 OPEN
& >
201 89A CLOSE
G
202 52 OPEN
&
201 89B CLOSE
G
202 TBC 52 OPEN
89C - ALL OTHER 89C OPEN

G
& 201 89C I/L OK

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
41
One & Half Breaker Scheme

Single Line Diagram
Standard Operating Procedure
Different CT Methods
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6/23/2021
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Representative Diagram
Bus-1 Bus-1 Bus-2

2
Buses
1 Main Main Main

Dia 1-52 1-52 3-52
3 LINE
Breakers
Tie
2 2-52
Line / ICT Tie
2-52
Line
LINE LINE LINE
/ICT 2 Power Flow
1st from Bus-1 Main
flow via Main 1-52 3-52
2nd from Bus-2

flow via Main 3-52 & Tie 2-52
Bus-2
43
Bus-1 Bus-1 Bus-2

2
Buses
1 Main Main Main

Dia 1-52 1-52 3-52
3 LINE
Breakers
Tie
2 2-52
Line / ICT Tie
2-52
Line
LINE LINE LINE
/ICT 2 Power Flow
1st from Bus-1 Main
flow via Main 1-52 3-52
2nd from Bus-2

flow via Main 3-52 & Tie 2-52
Bus-2
44
6/23/2021
Bus-1 Bus-1 Bus-2

Advantages:
Cost optimized to best possible level for
highest reliability
Interlock for Isolator & CB closing
Main Main Main
B/B maintenance: Interruption free 1-52 3-52
1-52
CB maintenance: Interruption free
No changeover is needed
LINE
Tie
Disadvantages: 2-52 Tie
Protection philosophy: Complex 2-52
- CT / trip circuit switching LINE LINE LINE
(depends on no. of CTs used)
Main
3-52
Bus-2
45
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Single Line Diagram
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Bus bar Switching Scheme
401 400 kV Line Bay

402 400 kV Tie Bay
403 400 kV Line Bay
404 400 kV Line Bay
405 400 kV Tie Bay
406 400 kV ICT Bay
46
6/23/2021
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Power Flow Diagram
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Bus bar Switching Scheme
• Line bay on Main

Bay
Circuit Breaker
401
(401 - 52)
• Line bay on Main
Bay
Circuit Breaker
403
(403 - 52)
• Line bay on Tie
Bay
Circuit Breaker
401
(402 - 52)
47
OHB – SOP – Start up of Line bay on Main Circuit Breaker
01
BAY EQUIPMENT REMOTE / LOCAL CLOSE / OPEN
401 → 89AE1 → LOCAL → OPEN
02
401 → 89AE2 → LOCAL → OPEN
03
401 → 89A → REMOTE → CLOSE
04
401 → 52 → REMOTE → OPEN
05
401 → 89BE → LOCAL → OPEN
06
401 → 89B → REMOTE → CLOSE

48
6/23/2021
OHB – SOP – Start up of Line bay on Main Circuit Breaker
07
401 → 89LE → LOCAL → OPEN
08
401 → 89L → REMOTE → CLOSE
09
401 → 52 → REMOTE → CLOSE
10 CB Lockout
CB Trouble
Alarm
Trip Coil -1 Trip Coil-2
11 Dead Bus Charging - No Synchronizing Required
12 Check all the indications - Voltage, Frequency etc
13 Live Bus Charging - Synchronizing Required between Line

CVT & Bus CVT synchronize

49
OHB – SOP – Start up of Line bay on Tie CB WO Interruption
01
402 → 89AE → LOCAL → OPEN
02
402 → 89A → REMOTE → CLOSE
03
04
402 → 89BE → LOCAL → OPEN
05
402 → 89B → REMOTE → CLOSE
06
401 → 89LE → LOCAL → OPEN
07
401 → 89L → REMOTE → CLOSE

50
6/23/2021
OHB – SOP – Start up of Line bay on Tie CB WO Interruption
08
09
10
11
401 → 89A → REMOTE → OPEN
12
401 → 89B → REMOTE → OPEN
13 CB Lockout
CB Trouble
Alarm
Trip Coil -1 Trip Coil-2
14 Live Charging - Synchronizing Required between Line

CVT & Bus CVT synchronize

51
OHB – Interlock Philosophy – Line Bay
Interlocking of 401 - 89A: Identify the right one
401 89AE1 OPEN
401 52 OPEN &
1 401 89BE OPEN

&
401 89A OPEN
401 BUS-1 89AE2 OPEN
401 89AE1 OPEN
401 52 OPEN &
2 401 89BE OPEN

&
401 89A I/L OK
G
401 89AE1 CLOSE
401 52 CLOSE &
3 401 89BE CLOSE

&
401 89A CLOSE
G
401 BUS-1 89AE2 CLOSE

G – GOOSE SIGNAL
52
6/23/2021
Interlocking of Isolator – Bay 401
401 89AE1 OPEN
401 52 OPEN &
89A 401 89BE OPEN

&
401 89A I/L OK
401 89AE OPEN
89B 401
401
52
89BE
OPEN
OPEN
& 401 89B I/L OK
401 89LE OPEN
89L 401
402
52
TIE 52
OPEN
OPEN
G
& 401 89L I/L OK

53
Interlocking of Earth Switch – Bay 401
401 89A OPEN
89AE2 404 89A OPEN

G
& 401 89AE2 I/L OK
401 89A OPEN
89AE1 401 89B OPEN

& 401 89AE1 I/L OK
401 89A OPEN
89BE 401 89B OPEN

& 401 89BE I/L OK
401 89L OPEN
89LE 401
NO VOLTAGE
ON LINE
OPEN
& 401 89LE I/L OK

54
6/23/2021
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Different CT Method
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3
3CT
Configuration 1
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4
4CT
Configuration 1
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3
5CT
Configuration 1
CT-4 CT-5

55
One & Half Breaker Scheme – Different CT Method
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4
6CT
Configuration 1
CT-5 CT-6
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4
6CT Configuration 2
CT-5 CT-6
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4 CT-5 CT-6
6CT
Configuration 3

56
6/23/2021
Keval Velani | Technical Consultant | 63667 66636 | [email protected]

57

58

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23-06-2021

Substation Design Engineering

POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Introduction : The Electric Utility

Power Evacuation Substation

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Power Evacuation substation

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

What is Substation Layout ?

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Incoming Line Bay Single Bus Bar Outgoing

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Isolator Transformer Structural Column

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Following details form the input for layout engineering:

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Bay Width will depend on …. Distances in between equipment will

– Bird clearances – Maintainability of equipment

– Cable trench routing

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Standard Bay System

132 2700 2500 9400 3500

220 (IPP) 5000 4000 18000 4500

Standard Lighting Impulse Minimum Clearance (mm) Minimum Clearance (mm)

Standard Lighting Impulse Minimum Clearance (mm) Minimum Clearance (mm)

Width & 550 1100

Standard Lighting Impulse Minimum Clearance (mm) Minimum Clearance (mm)

Width & 1800 3600 3300

– For phase-to-earth, the

– For phase-to-phase, the

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

What is Busbar configuration ?

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - Single Bus Scheme

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - Double Bus Scheme

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Application of Transfer Bus

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - Double Main

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - One Main & Transfer

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - One Main & Transfer

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Switching Configuration - Main & Main cum transfer

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS