Antonio RPH Finals

ANTONIO, Dhenise Ysabelle M.
RPH
Final Examination
1. Of those discussed in the video, choose a historical topic to emphasize and find evidence
for it.
One of the historical topics discussed in the video is the Banaue Rice Terraces. It is said
in the video that “The Banaue Rice Terraces were built by the Ifugao using only common tools,
equipment, and materials, found during the pre-colonization period. This shows the wisdom and
intelligence of the pre-colonial Filipino as it shows our resourcefulness and industriousness.”
The Banaue Rice Terraces, known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World," stand as a
testament to human ingenuity and harmonious coexistence with nature. Located in the Ifugao
province of the Philippines, these ancient terraces bear witness to the remarkable engineering
skills and cultural heritage of the indigenous Ifugao people.
The Banaue Rice Terraces date back over 2,000 years and provide a glimpse into the
agricultural practices of the Ifugao tribe. These terraces were created by hand, using basic tools
and the sheer determination of the Ifugao farmers. They represent the ingenuity of the ancient
civilization, who devised a sustainable farming system to support their community and preserve
their way of life.
2. What was the situation of the Filipinos before the arrival of the Spaniards in various
historical aspects? Support your answer with evidence.
Before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, the archipelago was home to a rich
and diverse cultural landscape. Various historical aspects of Filipino society shed light on the
situation prior to Spanish colonization, and evidence from different sources helps us understand
this era.
In terms of political organization, the pre-colonial Philippines comprised numerous

independent chiefdoms or barangays. Each barangay was led by a datu or a chief who governed
their respective territories. The existence of these barangays is documented in the Boxer Codex,
an illustrated manuscript from the late 16th century. The codex provides visual representations of
the different political structures and hierarchies that existed across the archipelago.
Religion played a significant role in the lives of pre-colonial Filipinos. Indigenous belief
systems centered around animism and ancestor worship, with rituals and ceremonies conducted
to seek protection, guidance, and prosperity. Various archaeological discoveries, such as burial
sites and artifacts, provide evidence of these religious practices. The Boxer Codex also depicts
the religious customs and rituals of the pre-colonial Filipinos.
3. What impact did foreign occupations have on us? Discuss its negative and positive
outcomes. Insert reference link to prove your answer.
Foreign occupations in the Philippines, including Spanish, American, and Japanese
occupations, have had a profound impact on the country, both negative and positive. These
occupations have shaped the course of Philippine history, leaving a lasting legacy that continues
to influence the nation today.
One of the negative outcomes of foreign occupations was the exploitation and oppression
of the Filipino people. Spanish colonization, which lasted for over three centuries, subjected
indigenous Filipinos to forced labor, tribute payments, and cultural suppression. The encomienda
system allowed Spanish colonizers to exploit the labor and resources of the native population,
leading to economic hardships and the erosion of traditional livelihoods. Similarly, during the
American colonial period, land grabs, discriminatory policies, and human rights abuses were
prevalent, causing suffering and discontent among Filipinos.
Moreover, foreign occupations often resulted in the loss of cultural identity. The
imposition of foreign languages, such as Spanish and English, and the introduction of new
religious beliefs and customs disrupted traditional practices and eroded indigenous languages.
The suppression of native traditions, rituals, and languages had a profound impact on the cultural
fabric of Filipino society, leading to a sense of disconnection and a struggle for cultural
preservation.
However, foreign occupations also brought some positive outcomes to the Philippines.
Under Spanish rule, Christianity was introduced, which eventually became an integral part of
Filipino culture. The Spanish also left architectural and cultural legacies, with colonial-era
structures and influences that are still celebrated today. The American occupation brought
modern education, infrastructure development, and the establishment of democratic institutions.
The American period also saw the rise of nationalist movements and the emergence of Filipino
leaders who fought for independence.
Furthermore, foreign occupations fostered exposure to new ideas, technologies, and

governance systems. This exposure contributed to the shaping of a modern Filipino identity and
provided opportunities for the nation to participate in the global community.
Link: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=anthro-
publications
OTHER REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaue_Rice_Terraces
https://global.ateneo.edu/life-and-community/why-philippines/culture-and-
history#:~:text=The%20islands'%20precolonial%20period%2C%20during,occupation%20in%2
0World%20War%20II.
https://www.slideshare.net/janinademetria/pre-colonialperiod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_achievements_of_pre-colonial_Philippines

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ANTONIO, Dhenise Ysabelle M.

In terms of political organization, the pre-colonial Philippines comprised numerous

Furthermore, foreign occupations fostered exposure to new ideas, technologies, and

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