RAC Tutorial Sheet 1-5

SANSKAR College of Engineering& Technology, Ghaziabad
Refrigeration & Air-conditioning (KME-601)

Tutorial No: 01
Date of Issue: Date of Submission:
1) Enumerate different method of producing refrigeration and also define the unit
of refrigeration. What is the basic difference between open and closed air
refrigeration system.
2) A refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle (Reverse brayton cycle) operates
between 1 bar and 10 bar. Air is drawn from cold chamber at -10ºC. Air coming
out of compressor is cooled to 50ºC before entering the expansion cylinder.
Polytropic law P.V1.3 = constant is followed during expansion and
compression. Find theoretical C.O.P of the origin. Take γ=1.4 and Cp= 1.00
kJ/kg 0C for air.
3) A Carnot refrigerator extracts 150 kJ of heat per minute from a space which is
maintained at -20°C and is discharged to atmosphere at 45°C. Find the work
required to run the unit.
4) An air refrigerator working on the principle of Bell-Coleman cycle. The air
into the compressor is at 1 atm at -10ºC. It is compressed to 10 atm and cooled
to 40ºC at the same pressure. It is then expanded to 1 atm and discharged to
take cooling load. The air circulation is 1 kg/s. The isentropic efficiency of the
compressor = 80% The isentropic efficiency of the expander = 90%
Find the following:
i) Refrigeration capacity of the system ii)C.O.P of the system
Take γ= 1.4, Cp= 1.00 kJ/kg ºC
Tutorial No: 02
Q1. In a vapour compression refrigeration system using R-12, the evaporator pressure
is 1.4 bar and the condenser pressure is 8 bar. The refrigerant leaves the condenser
sub-cooled to 30oC. The vapour leaving the evaporator is dry and saturated. The
compression process is isentropic. The amount of heat rejected in the condenser is
13.42 MJ/min. Determine: 1) refrigerating effect in kJ/kg, 2) refrigerating load in TR,
and 3) C.O.P.
Q2. a) What do you mean by refrigeration effect and unit of refrigeration?

b) Describe boot-strap cycle of air refrigeration system.
c) Differentiate open and closed air refrigeration system.
Q3. A Bell Coleman refrigerator operates between pressure limits of 1.1 bar and 5 bar.
The temperatures at the suction to the compressor, and inlet to the expander are 27°C
and 37°C, respectively. Isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and expander are
0.80 and 0.82, respectively. Determine the power input to the compressor, if the
refrigerator produces cooling at the rate of 50 TR.
Q4. Discuss the effect of variation of condenser and evaporator pressures and sub-
coolingof condensate on COP of a vapour compression refrigeration system.
Q5. Discuss the A Bell Coleman refrigerator with the help of P-v and T-s chart and
schematic diagrams.
Tutorial No: 03
Q1. A Carnot refrigerator using R12 as working fluid operates between 40ºC and -
30ºC .Determine the work of compression and cooling effect produced by the cycle.
Q2. An ideal refrigeration cycle operates with R134a as the working fluid. The
temperature of refrigerant in the condenser and evaporatorare 40ºC and -20ºC
respectively. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is 0.1 kg/s. Determine the cooling
capacity and COP of the plant.
Q3 A NH3 refrigerator produces 100 tons of ice from water at 0ºC in a day. The cycle
operates between 25ºC and -15ºC . The vapor is dry saturated at the end of
compression. If the COP is 50% of theoretical COP, calculate the power required to
drive the compressor
Q4 A water cooler using R12 refrigerant works between 30ºC to 9ºC. Assuming the
volumetric and mechanical efficiency of the compressor to be 80 and 90%
respectively, and the mechanical efficiency of motor to be 90%, and 20% of useful
cooling is lost into water cooler, find: 1) The power requirement of the motor 2)
Volumetric displacement of the compressor Given CP (saturated vapour at 30ºC) = 0.7
kJ/kg K. The properties of F12 at 30ºC and 2ºC are
Tutorial No: 04
Q1-The required refrigeration capacity of a vapour compression refrigeration system

(with R22 as refrigerant) is 100 kW at –30o C evaporator temperature. Initially the
system was single-stage with a single compressor compressing the refrigerant vapour
from evaporator to a condenser operating at 1500 kPa pressure. Later the system was
modified to a two-stage system operating on the cycle shown below. At the
intermediate pressure of 600 kPa there is intercooling but no removal of flash gas.
Find a) Power requirement of the original singlestage system; b) Total power
requirement of the two compressors in the revised two-stage system. Assume that the
state of refrigerant at the exit of evaporator, condenser and intercooler is saturated,
and the compression processes are isentropic.
Q2- The figure given below shows a multi-evaporator, vapour compression
refrigeration system working with ammonia. The refrigeration capacity of the high
temperature evaporator operating at –6.7o C is 5 TR, while it is 10 TR for the low
temperature evaporator operating at –34.4o C. The condenser pressure is 10.8 bar.
Assuming saturated conditions at the exit of evaporators and condenser, ammonia
vapour to behave as an ideal gas with a gas constant of 0.4882 kJ/kg.K and isentropic
index (cp/cv) of 1.29, and isentropic compression: a) Find the required power input to
compressor in kW b) Find the required power input if instead of using a single
compressor, individual compressors are used for low and high temperature
evaporators. Use the data given in the table:
Tutorial No: 05
1. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) A primary refrigerant does not undergo phase change in a refrigeration cycle b) A
secondary refrigerant does not undergo phase change in a refrigeration cycle c) The
freezing point of a brine is generally lower than the freezing point of its constituents
d) The freezing point of a brine is generally higher than the freezing point of its
constituents
a) The suction pressure of a refrigerant should be as high as possible b) The suction
pressure of a refrigerant should be as low as possible c) The discharge pressure of a
refrigerant should be as high as possible d) The discharge pressure of a refrigerant
should be as low as possible
a) At a given temperature, as the latent heat of vaporization increases, the saturation
pressure decreases b) For given evaporator and condenser temperatures, as the latent
heat of vaporization increases, the pressure ratio decreases c) As the latent heat of
vaporization increases, the required mass flow rate of refrigerant, becomes smaller for
a given capacity d) For a given pressure ratio, as the isentropic index of compression
increases, the compressor discharge temperature increases
a) A refrigerant having high critical temperature yields high COP and high volumetric
capacity b) A refrigerant having high critical temperature yields low COP and high
volumetric capacity c) A refrigerant having high critical temperature yields low COP
and low volumetric capacity d) A refrigerant having high critical temperature yields
high COP and low volumetric capacity
a) Low molecular weight refrigerants have high latent heat of vaporization b) Low
molecular weight refrigerants have low latent heat of vaporization c) For saturated
state at the inlet to the compressor, a refrigerant having high vapour specific heat may
give rise to wet compression d) For saturated state at the inlet to the compressor, a
refrigerant having low vapour specific heat may give rise to wet compression
6. The chemical formula of refrigerant R11 is:
a) CCl3F b) CClF3 c) CClHF d)CHF
7. The chemical formula of R141 is:
a) C2H3ClF3 b) C2H2Cl3F c) C2H3Cl2F d) C2H2ClF3
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a) Evaporation process is non-isothermal for zeotropic mixtures b) Evaporation
process is non-isothermal for azeotropic mixtures c) Composition of azeotropic
mixture changes in the event of a leak d) Composition of zeotropic mixture changes in
the event of a leak Ans.: a) and d)
9. Which of the following refrigerants are phased-out due to Montreal protocol on
ozone layer depletion
a) R11 b) R21 c) R12 d) R32
10. Which of the following refrigerants replace R12 in domestic refrigerators?
a) R22 b) R11 c) R134a d) R141b
11. Which of the following refrigerants are suggested as replacements for R22 in large
air conditioning and cold storage systems? a) R134a b) R21 c) R410A d) R407C

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SANSKAR College of Engineering& Technology, Ghaziabad

Refrigeration & Air-conditioning (KME-601)

Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

Q2. a) What do you mean by refrigeration effect and unit of refrigeration?

Q1-The required refrigeration capacity of a vapour compression refrigeration system

1. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

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