VHEMBE WEST DISTRICT

NATIONAL SENIOR

CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

GEOGRAPHY
2024 PRE-JUNE EXAM

MARKS: 150

DURATION: 3 HRS

Copyright reserved
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of THREE COMPULSORY questions.

2. Answer ALL THREE questions for 150 marks.

3. All resources are included

4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers per the numbering system used in this question paper.
Number the answers in the CENTRE of the line.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Illustrate your answers where required with labelled diagrams.

9. Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1

1.1 Read the following statements and choose the appropriate word(s) in brackets which will
make the sentence TRUE. Write down only the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) and the
correct answer.

1.1.1. Regional winds develop because of (pressure/temperature) patterns

that occur at certain times of the year in a specific area on the earth.

1.1.2 The (monsoon/tropical easterly) wind is a regional wind.

1.1.3 The monsoon wind is a (seasonal/annual) wind that occurs mainly

in tropical regions.

1.1.4 (Wet/Dry) conditions are experienced over the Indian sub-continent

in summer due to regional pressure patterns.

1.1.5 The Föhn wind is associated with subsidence of air along the
(windward/leeward) side of a slope.

1.1.6 The Fohn wind is associated with air that descends at the (wet/
dry)-adiabatic lapse rate on the leeward side of a slope.

1.1.7 The Fohn wind in South Africa is commonly referred to as the

(berg/chinook) wind. (7 x 1) (7)

1.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.9 A.

1.2.1 The climatic type of an area is determined by its … characteristics.

A temperature and rainfall

B temperature and pressure
C temperature and moisture
D temperature

1.2.2 The north of Africa is mostly associated with a … climate.

A semi-arid and desert

B highveld
C tropical continental
D humid sub-tropical

1.2.3 The equatorial climate in central parts of Africa is associated with …

A high rainfall and high temperatures.

B low rainfall and high temperatures.
C high rainfall and low temperatures.
D low rainfall and low temperatures.

3
1.2.4 The east coast of Southern Africa is associated with a … climate.

A equatorial
B tropical continental
C highveld
D humid sub-tropical

1.2.5 Air that rises along a mountain, then cools and condenses in the
atmosphere, results in … rainfall.

A cyclonic
B orographic
C frontal
D acidic

1.2.6 Mount Kilimanjaro is associated with snow throughout the year in

spite of the fact that it is close to the … in the tropical climatic region.

A tropic of cancer
B equator
C tropic of capricorn
D greenwich meridian

1.2.7 Ocean currents is most likely to influence the temperature of …

A Bloemfontein.
B Pretoria.
C Johannesburg.
D Port Elizabeth.

1.2.8 The factor that is least likely to impact the temperature of

Johannesburg is …

A latitude.
B altitude.
C distance from sea.
D ocean currents. (8 x1) (8)

4
1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3 showing world pressure belts of the global air circulation model

FIGURE 1.3 GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION

Source: https://www.internetgeography.net

1.3.1 Name the air circulation cell labelled A. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 Name the air pressure belt at B. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Name the frontal zone(front) labelled C. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.4 Describe the circulation of air associated with pressure belt B. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.5 Draw a fully labelled diagram showing the surface winds converging at 0°.
(3 x 1) (3)

1.3.6 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines to explain the formation

of the frontal zone labelled C. (4 x 2)(8)
(15)

5
1.4 Refer to FIGURE 1.4, an infographic on pressure gradient force.

FIGURE 1.4 PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE

An air mass initially at rest will move from high pressure to low pressure. However, as
that air mass begins to move, it is deflected. As the wind gains speed, the deflection
increases. At this point, the wind will be blowing parallel to the isobars.

Source: https://www.google.com/search

1.4.1 Why does the air mass move from A to B? (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 What is an isobar? (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 State the relationship between the spacing of the isobars and the
pressure gradient force. (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 Identify the force associated with label C. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.5 State ONE characteristic associated with the force labelled C. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.6 Name the resultant wind labelled D. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.7 Using FIGURE 1.4, explain the impact of frictional surfaces on the
formation of the resultant wind identified in QUESTION 1.4.6. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.8 Explain the concept of Geostrophic Balance. (2 x 2) (4)

(15)

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1.5 Refer to FIGURE 1.5, an infographic on drought and desertification.

FIGURE 1.5 DROUGHT AND DESERTIFICATION

Source: https://abby-environmentalstudiesoafrica.weebly.com

1.5.1 What is the difference between a drought and desertification? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 Identify THREE causes of desertification according to the extract (2 x4) (4)

1.5.3 Name any THREE countries at risk of an acute (severe) drought according
to the map. (3 x 1) (3)

1.5.4 Suggest THREE effects of desertification on the people and economic

activities in the African continent. (3 x 2) (6)
(15)

[60]

7
QUESTION 2
2.1 Read the following descriptions and select the appropriate formation in brackets. Use
FIGURE 2.1 to match the formation with the description. Write down only the question
number (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) and the correct answer.

FIGURE 2.1 TOPOGRAPHY ASSOCIATED WITH HORIZONTAL STRATA

[Source: Pinterest.com.au]

2.1.1 A portion of the plateau isolated from the main plateau.

(Butte/Mesa).

2.1.2 The low angle concave shaped slope. (Crest/Pediment)

2.1.3 A large flat area with steep cliffs and narrow valleys.
(Butte/Plateau).

2.1.4 Fertile water body in a dry area fed by ground water.

(Oasis/Aquifer)

2.1.5 An island mountain of resistant rock rising from the softer more
easily eroded rock of the plain. (Inselberg/Pediment)

2.1.6 A shallow slope at the foot of a steep slope. (Plateau/Pediment).

2.1.7 Narrow hills with a sharp peak at the top. (Pointed Butte/Conical
Hill) (7x1)(7)

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2.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write only
the letter (A–I) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.2.1 A cliff near the top of a slope A Scarp retreat

2.2.2 The breaking down of rocks into B Scarp slope

smaller pieces.
C Crest
2.2.3 The landscape characterised by flat
topped mountains. D Free face

2.2.4 Slopes eroding backwards to their E Mass wasting

original position.
F Karoo landscape
2.2.5 Intrusion between layers of horizontal
sedimentary rock occurring when G Dyke
magma is more fluid.
H Weathering
2.2.6 A steep slope formed by the erosion of
tilted strata. I Sill

2.2.7 The movement of material down slope

under the pull of gravity.

2.2.8 A convex slope which is usually found

at the top of a hill
(8 X 1) (8)

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2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3 showing the topography associated with inclined strata

FIGURE 2.3 TOPOGRAPHY ASSOCIATED WITH INCLINED STRATA

Source: http://geoclasses.com

2.3.1 Describe the rocks that are associated with inclined strata. (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 Name the type of rock associated with inclined strata (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.3 Name the TWO types of slopes (A and B) associated with inclined
strata. (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.4 State the type of inclined strata based on the angle of resistance
labelled C, D and E. (3 x 1) (3)

2.3.5 Explain the significance of landform E to human activities. (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.6 Discuss the impact of mass wasting, undercutting and homoclinal

shifting on the TWO slopes identified in QUESTION 2.3.3. (3 x 2) (6)
(15)

10
2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4, showing igneous rock intrusions

FIGURE 2.4 : IGNEOUS ROCK INTRUSIONS

[Source: Kenyaplex.com]

2.4.1 Describe the rocks that are associated with igneous intrusions (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Provide suitable labels for landforms A and B. (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3 Describe TWO characteristics of any igneous rock intrusion. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 Why are igneous rocks associated with cracks and joints? (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Explain the impact of cracks and joints on the resulting landforms
above the earth’s surface. (3 x 2) (6)
(15)

11
2.5 Refer to FIGURE 2.5 an extract on mass movements and human responses

2.5.1 State the type of mass movement identified in the extract. (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.2 Which area of KwaZulu-Natal was mostly affected by the mass

movement? (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 Describe the impact of the mass movement (answer to QUESTION

2.5.1) on infrastructure in KwaZulu-Natal. (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.2 Describe how the mass movement identified in QUESTION 2.5.1

occurs. (3 x 1) (3)

2.5.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, to suggest

improvements to the human responses of the mass movement
identified in the extract. (4 x 2) (8)
(15)

[60]
TOTAL FOR SECTION A [120]
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QUESTION 3

GENERAL INFORMATION ON VOLKSRUST

Volksrust is a town in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa near the KwaZulu-Natal provincial
border, some 240 km southeast of Johannesburg, 53 km north of Newcastle and 80 km southeast
of Standerton. The town is the junction for the railway line that links the main Johannesburg-Durban
line with other towns nearby. Slang River Falls are a mere 13 kilometres from the town.

Volksrust is a quaint South African town with plenty of history and cultural sights. Situated close to
many famous battle sites, Volksrust became a municipality in 1904 and is currently the commercial
centre of an area where maize, wool, sorghum, sunflower seed, beef and dairy are all farmed and
produced. Majuba, one of Eskom’s new generation power stations, was commissioned near
Volksrust which has added to its importance to the surrounding areas.

https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsmpl/volksrust.php

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3.1 The questions below are based on an extract from the 1:50 000 topographical map 2729BD
VOLKSRUST as well as the orthophoto map 2729 BD 13 of the mapped area. Various options are
provided as possible answers for the following statements. Choose the correct option and write only
the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1 – 1.5) in your answer book.

3.1.1 Volksrust is situated in the province of…

A Western Cape.
B Eastern Cape.
C Mpumalanga.
D KwaZulu Natal.

3.1.2 A contour interval of … metres is used on the orthophoto map.

A 5
B 10
C 20
D 50 000

3.1.3 The feature (1) in block D5 on the orthophoto map represents…

A recreation.
B Sewage works.
C Orchards.
D Racetracks.

3.1.4 The general direction of flow of the cold stream in block K3 on the
topographical map, is …

A southernly.
B North westerly.
C South westerly.
D North easterly.

3.1.5 The coordinates of the graveyard (L) in block F9 is…

A 27˚22’50“S and 29˚54’15” E

B 29˚21’50” S and 27˚54’05” E
C 27˚22’50” E and 29˚55’05” S
D 27˚21’50” S and 29˚54’55” E

(5×1) (5)

14
3.2 Refer to the marginal information from the Magnetic Observatory on the topographical
map of Volksrust.

3.2.1 Why is the direction for the mean magnetic declination determined as
west of true north? (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 Locate spot height 1653 (H8) and spot height 1705 (F4).

Determine the true bearing of spot height 1705 from spot height 1653.
(1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Calculate the magnetic declination for 2021. (5 x 1) (5)

3.2.4 Use the magnetic declination in Question 3.2.3 and the true bearing
in Question 3.2.2 to calculate the magnetic bearing. (2 x 1) (2)

3.3 Refer to FIGURE. 3.1, the general information on Volksrust and the extract of the
topographical map of Volksrust.

3.3.1 Identify the geomorphological feature (M) in block H8 and H9. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 Determine the height above sea level of the river flowing in block H8.
(1 x 1) (1)
3.3.3 The steep gradient on both sides of the landform may cause mud to
move down the slope when rain occurs. What is this mass movement
called? (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.4 What influence will this mass movement (Question 3.3.3) have on the
velocity of the water of the river? (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.5 Suggest TWO reasons why trees were planted in rows in block J9,
K9 and K10 along the side of the river. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Refer to the orthophoto map extract of Volksrust.

3.4.1 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2)

3.4.2 Name ONE example of a source that could have been used through
remote sensing to produce the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1)

3.4.3 Name the theme/entity of the data layer that includes the powerline and
national route in block C3 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 2) (2)
3.4.4 Refer to the hospital in block E5 on the topographical map.
Construct an attribute data table showing the relationship between the
numbers of doctors (column A) to nurses (column B) that can possibly
be employed in the hospital located in block E5. [Include the total
number of medical staff (column C) in your table] (3 x 1) (3)

TOTAL FOR SECTION B [30]

GRAND TOTAL [150]

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