Presented by: HASSANSAAB, TA GROUP ,Beirut, Lebanon.

“ Its all about concrete” conference,

UNESCO Palace ,16 October 2012
PRESENTATION AGENDA:
1. COMMON CONCRETE DEFECTS (BY PHOTOS )
2. ASSOCIATED CONCRETE CALAMITIES (BY PHOTOS)
3. PREVENTION TECHNIQUES:
• Prevention/Concrete Durability/Water and Deterioration/Cracking/Self Sealing
• Integral Crystalline Waterproofing Technology
• Macrofibers
• Support Services
4. REHABILITATION AND REPAIR TECHNIQUES :
• Self-consolidating Concrete – SCC
• Repair Grouts
• Cementitious Anchoring Capsules
• Crazy Cracking
1. COMMON CONCRETE DEFECTS (BY
PHOTOS)

•What Does Concrete Contain?

•What are the typical forms of concrete
defects?
• How huge is the impact of concrete
defects on the appearance , safety and
effective life of the total structure?
Is it Mud…?

Is it wood…. ?
Around 7% of the overall construction budget.

Using chipping hammers, they probably verify that their

workmen actually did place rebar inside the concrete.
Architectural Concrete is formed and
poured with higher expectations!!!!!
Bugholes
Well, mostly…
It is not always true that shotcrete looses about half of its air
content when placed. Some shotcretes actually gain air content.
Curing water
can move to
wherever it is
needed!!!!!
Steel could do the trick! In the concrete-steel composite, steel
is responsible for transmitting tensile forces. Thus, steel
reinforced concrete resists bending if the steel tensile zone is
sufficiently far from the concrete compression zone in the
cross-section.
Note to structural engineers: it is
possible to achieve d> h. It actually is
quite easy for the site crew.
Put workmen
similar to those
from the
previously shown
flatwork project
to a vertical
element and see
how they provide
at least d=h.
Note to structural engineers: it is
possible to achieve heff> h. Except the
eff is then not quite so eff-in effective.
External Reinforcement
(?)
We cast floors. This
is easy. Just pour it
on the ground and
make the surface nice
and smooth
The expansion joints.......
Ignore the thermal movements of beams
perpendicular
.
to a wall
It has to, because it must resist so many deleterious agents:
Fresh concrete settles before
stiffening.
Deep placements settle quite
measurable.
If a stiff top rebar layout
prevents the fresh concrete
immediately above the bars to
settle, then Settlement
Cracks may form.
Unsuitable slump
prevents concrete from
properly encasing rebar.
This may drastically
affect the actual
development length of
the bars.
Carbon dioxide in
the air can neutralise
concrete.

Neutralised concrete
does not protect
embedded rebar
from corrosion.
Corrosion products
have a greater
volume than the steel
they developed from.

Ensuing corrosion
pressures can burst
off the concrete
cover.
Why not to leave some Foreign Objects!!!!!
2. Associated calamities(by
photos)

Concrete cancer, chemical attack ( Sulphates , chlorides ,

acids and salt),reinforcement corrosion , environmental
causes (bacteriological growth ,efflorescence ,etc.)
Prevention
• Factors affecting the quality of cast-in-place concrete include: design
and construction practices, concrete properties, formwork, and
vibration.
• Common defects in cast-in-place concrete usually result from lack of
knowledge or poor planning.
• Defects are a significant worldwide problem and cause multi-billion
dollar losses to infrastructure and building owners annually(Up to
40% of construction spending relates to rehabilitation and repair of
concrete structures, source: The Guardian / UK).
• Preventing these defects requires education, training, and good
management to see that proper construction practices are followed.
• Defects are best prevented before concrete is placed and hardens.
Repairs after the fact can be expensive and unsatisfactory.
• Good specifications for concrete construction and proper
construction practices are essential.
Concrete Durability
“… the ability of concrete to resist weathering action,
chemical attack while maintaining its desired engineering
properties.”
(Portland Cement Association)
Water the Great Destroyer
 Aesthetic Damage (Efflorescence, Mold)
 Structural Damage (Corrosion, ASR)
Water and Deterioration
Neville:
With the exception of mechanical damage, all the adverse influence on
durability involve the transport of fluids through the concrete.
(Properties of Concrete, Neville, Page 483).
||
V
Water Permeability determine the rate of Deterioration
||
V

Service life
Cracking
•Cracking in concrete is unavoidable.
•Cracks create a direct pathway for moisture and harmful
chemicals, which compromise durability and structural
performance.
Self Sealing
•Self sealing is an important phenomenon that can
decrease the need for costly maintenance in the structure
during its service life.
Integral Crystalline Waterproofing Technology
ICW reacts with water and un-hydrated cement to make
millions of microscopic needle like crystals.

These crystals block the water pathway.

Waterproofs concrete from the inside out.
Comparison
Regular Concrete

ICW Concrete
Krystol Internal Membrane (KIM) Multi function system

Reduce
Crystallization Shrinkage Reactive
cracking
Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
Why use Fibers?
After concrete is placed there are significant reactions,
both chemical and physical, that take place.
Cracks Lead to Corrosion
and Failure of Product
Fibers are added to concrete
to reduce the amount of
cracking.
 Synthetic Fiber Reinforcement:
With synthetic concrete reinforcement products, we can control cracking
and add long-term durability to a wide variety of concrete applications.

•Macrofibers •Fibrillated Microfibers •Monofilament Microfibers

Macrofibers:
 Are used to reduce plastic and hardened concrete
shrinkage, improve impact strength, and increase
fatigue resistance and concrete toughness.
 This extra heavy-duty fiber offers maximum long
term durability, structural enhancements, and
effective secondary/temperature crack control.
 Are non-corrosive, non-magnetic, and 100% alkali
proof!
Performance Benefits of Macrofibers:
• Reduction of plastic and hardened concrete
shrinkage.
• Post-crack load carrying ability (residual
strength).
• Increase in ductility and flexural toughness.
• Dramatic improvement to impact resistance.
• Reduced joint maintenance.
• Elimination of corrosion potential.
Plastic Concrete Benefits
Synthetic Fiber
• Less plastic shrinkage cracking
• 80% to 100% decrease
• More cohesive mix
• Less aggregate segregation
• Less settlement
• More uniform bleeding
• Cement in contact with moisture longer
Hardened Concrete Benefits
Fibrillated Synthetic Fiber
 Increased shatter & impact resistance
 Higher Residual Strength
 Increased abrasion resistance
 Decreased permeability
 Denser concrete
 Less surface dusting
SUPPORT SERVICES
 Structure Review
review the structural drawings and recommend the proper system.
 Mix Design Review
review the mix design and provide recommendations regarding the
dosage of KIM and fiber ,and the compatibility of KIM with other
admixtures.
 Testing
perform trial mixes and performance testing to ensure the proposed mix
design meets requirements.
 Training and Application
provide proper training regarding the use of systems involved in the
project
 Site Supervision
provide onsite support to supervise the application of proposed systems.
4. Rehabilitation and Repair
techniques:

are they still needed ?

•Minor repair works in new constructions……

•Major repair works up to strengthening in old constructions……
SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE - SCC
Used for concrete repairs in difficult to reach areas.
48.3 MPa (7,250 psi) at 28 days.

CHARACTERISTICS
No internal vibration required for consolidation.
Very flowable.
Pumpable or placed by gravity.
Simple and easy to use.
High strength.
Freeze/thaw durability.
Excellent scaling resistance.
RAPID SETTING SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE (RS-SCC)

Used for concrete repairs

in difficult to reach areas.

Recommended for all

kinds of emergency
repairs.

48.3 MPa (7,250 psi) at 28

days.
Laviolette Bridge Repair of pier cap
Quebec, Canada Canadian National Railway Autoroute 540/40
3,000 bags of SCC were Central Station Quebec, Canada
used to repair patches on Montreal, Quebec, Canada Self-Consolidating Concrete -
bridge piers that were up Over 5,000 bags used to SCC
to 200 feet (60m) high. restore columns as seen through plexiglass
and beams. No internal formwork. – SCC flowed freely
vibration is required by gravity 35 feet (11 m) into
with SCC. formwork.
REPAIR GROUTS:
GROUT VM Non Shrink Grout
Grout VM is a mortar for concrete Non Shrink Grout is a pre-blended
repair. Increase bonding strength ready-to-use cement base grout
and resistance to scaling and freeze- containing non-ferrous fluidifiers
thaw durability as so. and anti-shrinkage compounds
48.3 MPa (7,250 psi) at 28 days accurately blended with graded
siliceous aggregate and Portland
cement.

40 MPa (5,800 psi) at 1 day

64MPa (9,280 psi) at 28 days
74 MPa (10,730 psi) at 90
days
 ANCHORING CAPSULE - AAC
Anchoring Capsule - AAC™ original blend. It is a cementitious non- ADVANTAGES
shrink grout designed to anchor bars and dowels, in concrete. This • Half the cost of epoxy and chemical
dry pre-mixed cement grout is encapsulated in a water permeable anchors
wrapping. When the capsule is saturated in water it becomes a fast • No toxic emanation or fumes
setting thixotropic grout and is easily inserted in the anchoring hole. • Does not contain calcium chloride
• Governmental agency approved
• Simple and economical
• Easy and fast installation
AAC, ARC, ARC-E • Easy handling and storage
AAC: Low temperature grout • Reduces installation time and costs
• No product mixing on site
ARC: Fast setting grout • No special tools and equipment required
ARC-E: Chromium reduced grout • High early strengths
• Can be used all seasons (to 0° F (-17°
C))
• Thixotropic mix
• Stable water/cement ratio
• Environmentally safe
• Can be used underwater & overhead
 Farmer Hydro-electric
ALCAN Hydro-electric station
project Gatineau, Quebec, Ârstabron Bridge
Alma, Quebec, Canada Canada Stockholm, Sweden
Over 50,000 Anchoring 70,000 Anchoring Anchoring Capsules –
Capsules - AAC used to Capsules - AAC used to ARC-E used for anchors
anchor rebar. anchor rebar in cold in repairs of existing
conditions. piers.
Crazy Cracking
Krystol Crack Repair System
Crazy Cracking

X
X
Krystol Crack Repair System
Crazy Cracking – leaking Crack (Solution 1)
T1/T2
Krystol Crack Repair System
Crazy Cracking – Dry cracks (Solution2)

KIM

X
AURA TOWER SWIMMING POOL MEXICO
AND LOCALLY!!!!!!!!
FOR TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS AND CASE STUDIES :

Head office: Stores :

Sukar & Suleiman Bldg. Koujouk & Nasser Eldin TA GROUP Offshore offices:
Makdissi Street, Bldg. Metco Center, Mar Elias Street,
Beirut‐Lebanon Berlin Street, Beirut‐Lebanon
Tel: 961‐1‐350 271 Beirut‐Lebanon Tel/Fax: 961‐1‐704 104
Fax: 961‐1‐343 708 Tel : 961‐1‐786 762 Mobile: 961‐76‐040 109
E‐mail: E‐mail: E‐mail:
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Web: www.tagroup.com.lb
Ensuring Technologies For High Value concrete
Constructions