Essay On Kashmir Issues

HOMEPAGE > CATALOG > SOCIOLOGY > WAR AND PEACE, MILITARY
A Short Introduction to the Kashmir Issue
Essay, 2010
6 Pages, Grade: A
ARGHYA RAY (AUTHOR)
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Thesis Statement
Kashmir is a disputed region between India and Pakistan, which has vitiated the
political environment of the Indian Subcontinent. The Kashmir issue stands as a
debacle for nearly six decades and there has been almost no progress in resolving
the problem.
Introduction
Kashmir is a mountainous region, which enjoys a very important geo-political
situation. It is surrounded by Pakistan in the west and China embraces it in the
east. The Indian provinces of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab are in the south. Its
northern fringes touch the borders of Afghanistan too. The area is famous for its
extra-ordinary natural beauty and resources. Presently, the northern and western
sides of the region are occupied by Pakistan while the southern and eastern parts
are controlled by the Indian Union. For over six decades, the region has been
devastated by confrontations between the two countries. Both India and Pakistan are
nuclear powers and in the case of another shooting war between them; the entire
subcontinent including Kashmir may be destroyed. Presently, it is at the diplomatic
hyper point of the bilateral relationships between the two countries.
Pre-history of the Conflict

The British Indian Empire was formed of hundreds of princely states spread all over
the Indian Subcontinent. After the World War II, when the British finally decided
to bring their rule to an end, the fate of these princely states was brought under
scrutiny. The Princely states were now supposed to join either India or Pakistan
after the British authorities leave. In regards of this process of the evolution of
India and Pakistan, Jyoti Trehan remarks, “The process of integration of princely
states was not without its highs and lows.”(Trehan 201)
Finally in June, 1947, the British accepted Pakistan Plan. But the Hindu Maharajah
Sir Hari Singh (the ruling monarch of the erstwhile princely state of Kashmir) was
hesitating to join either Pakistan or India. However, the census of 1941 shows that
almost 77% of the population of Kashmir was comprised of Muslims (Das 264). Since
the Maharajah had acceded to neither side until the formation of India and Pakistan
in August, 1947, Pakistan decided to act along communal lines. Being a Muslim
dominated state, it decided to ‘liberate’ Kashmir and backed the Azad Kashmir
Force. In October, 1947, Pakistan invaded Kashmir and captured its northern and
western parts. On the Maharajahs request and accession to India, the authorities in
Delhi now reacted by sending troops to the region and Pakistani advances were
arrested soon. Thus, the southern and eastern parts of the region were retained in
the Indian Union and constituted as the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Causes of the Conflict

To understand the causes of the conflict, the historic Partition of India has to be
referenced. Under the British Rule, Indian Subcontinent was mainly inhabited by the
two major religious groups, Hindus and Muslims. The two communities had friendly
relationships and they offered a united struggle to achieve independence from the
British Rule during the later half of the Nineteenth Century. But undercurrents of
tension between the two communities became forceful with the lapse of time. Power
politics between All India Muslim League and Indian National Congress (the two
major political powers of the undivided India) culminated at widespread communal
tension and violence during the 1930s and early 1940s. Consequently, the colossal
task of partitioning India became unavoidable. After the Partition in 1947,
Pakistan emerged as a Muslim dominated state while India emerged as a secular,
democratic country. And the province of Kashmir, which is situated at the border of
the two countries, got tangled and entrapped between them.
The Course of Indo-Pak Confrontations

1940 – In the Lahore Resolution, M. A. Jinnah puts forward the Two-nation Theory
and the demand of Pakistan is raised.
1946 – Muslim Conference takes on the Azad Kashmir Resolution.
October, 1947 – War breaks out between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue.
1965 – Indo-Pak War breaks out again. Pakistan is defeated and the Tashkent Pact is
signed.
1971 – Indo-Pak War breaks out once again over the East Pakistan.
1972 – East Pakistan is liberated and the Bangladesh Republic is formed.
1978 – Military Rule in Pakistan. Proxy war with India begins. Pakistan affirms its
support for the separatist organizations in Punjab and Kashmir.
1999 – Kargil War takes place between India and the Pakistan backed infiltrators.
2008 – Successful Assembly Elections in the Jammu and Kashmir State in India.
National Conference emerges as a major political power in the state.
The Current State of Affairs

With the lapse of time, Pakistan has shown tendencies towards Military Rule and
autocratic governance. On several occasions, India has alleged that Pakistan has
sponsored the different terrorist organizations in Kashmir. Moreover, India holds
Pakistan responsible for several devastating terrorist attacks directed against
India. On the other hand, Pakistan affirmatively sticks to its policy of extending
‘moral support’ to the separatists in Kashmir. In such a state of affair, the
common Kashmiris are suffering most. The innocent people are being victimized by
baneful separatist propaganda. Confrontations between Indian military and armed
separatists have caused huge loss of property, money, and lives so far. Moreover,
the specter of Al Qaeda and Taliban has made the situation more complicated and
dangerous in this part of the world.
Conclusion
Kashmir issue has been the primary cause of diplomatic, political, and military
stand off between India and Pakistan. Of late, both the sides are showing interest
to begin bilateral talks once again. According to Farah Ibrahim, the solution of
the issue lies in a planned conflict Resolution (Ibrahim 289). The way to this
conflict resolution lies in the methods of psychological intervention.
Psychological perspective of the problem is more propound than its military,
political, and diplomatic dimensions and interpretations. Unlike the “sharp rise in
the ideal of Hindu nationalism” (Wirsing 163), solution to Kashmir issue lies in
the acceptance of the fact that the common Kashmiris deserve to live a normal and
peaceful life. India and Pakistan both must come forward to eradicate the terrorist
organizations functional in Kashmir, and continue the bilateral talks. The
confidence building measures must be initiated meaningfully. In this way, by mutual
goodwill, the political authorities of India and Pakistan can bring peace to the
doomed province.
Works Cited
Das, Taraknath. "The Kashmir Issue and the United Nations."Political Science
Quarterly 65.2 (1950): 264. Print.
Ibrahim, Farah "Peace in Kashmir: A Worldview, Psychological

Intervention."International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 27.2 (2005):
289-297. Print.
Trehan, Jyoti. "Terrorism and the Funding of Terrorism in Kashmir."Journal of

Financial Crime 9.3 (2002): 201-211. Print.
Wirsing, Robert "Indian Policy in Jammu and Kashmir."India , Pakistan and the
Kashmir Dispute: On Regional Conflict and Its Resolution. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 1998. 163. Print.
6 of 6 pages
Details
Title
Grade
A
Author
Arghya Ray (Author)
Year
2010
Pages
6
Catalog Number
V308859
ISBN (eBook)
9783668071544
ISBN (Book)
9783668071551
File size
420 KB
Language
English
Tags
Kashmir, India, Pakistan, Kashmir Issue, Kashmir Conflict, South Asia
Quote paper
Arghya Ray (Author), 2010, A Short Introduction to the Kashmir Issue, Munich, GRIN
Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/308859
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HOMEPAGE > CATALOG > SOCIOLOGY > WAR AND PEACE, MILITARY

A Short Introduction to the Kashmir Issue

A Short Introduction to the Kashmir Issue

Pre-history of the Conflict

Causes of the Conflict

The Course of Indo-Pak Confrontations

1946 – Muslim Conference takes on the Azad Kashmir Resolution.

1972 – East Pakistan is liberated and the Bangladesh Republic is formed.

The Current State of Affairs

Ibrahim, Farah "Peace in Kashmir: A Worldview, Psychological

Trehan, Jyoti. "Terrorism and the Funding of Terrorism in Kashmir."Journal of

Your term paper / thesis:

- Publication as eBook and book

Upload your paper

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