Chapter 05 Database Operations

Marks: 14 Marks

5.1 Introduction to MySQL- create a database.

● MySQL is a database system used on the web

● MySQL is a database system that runs on a server
● MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
● MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use
● MySQL uses standard SQL
● MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
● MySQL is free to download and use
● MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation

1.Create database
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";/* Put your password here*/
/* Create connection*/
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
/* Check connection*/
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
/* Create database*/
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE stud";
if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo " $sql created successfully";
}else{
echo "Error creating database: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
mysqli_close($conn);

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?>

mysqli_connect(host, username, password, dbname, port, socket)

Parameter Description
host Optional. Specifies a host name or an IP address
username Optional. Specifies the MySQL username
password Optional. Specifies the MySQL password
dbname Optional. Specifies the default database to be used
port Optional. Specifies the port number to attempt to connect to the MySQL server
socket Optional. Specifies the socket or named pipe to be used

The die():- is an inbuilt function in PHP. It is used to print message and exit from the current php
script. It is equivalent to the exit() function in PHP.
Syntax :
die($message)
Parameters : This function accepts only one parameter and which is not mandatory to be
passed.
$message : This parameter represents the message to be printed while exiting from script.

5.2 Connection to a Mysql database

Php will work with virtually all database software,including oracle and sybase but most
commonly used is freely available MYSQL database
php 5 and later can work with MYSQL database using:
1)MYSQLi extension(“the “i” stands for improved”),and
2)PDO(php data objects)

Should I Use MySQLi or PDO?

1.Both MySQLi and PDO have their advantages:
2.PDO will work on 12 different database systems, whereas MySQLi will only work with MySQL
databases.
3.So, if you have to switch your project to use another database, PDO makes the process easy.
4.You only have to change the connection string and a few queries. With MySQLi, you will need
to rewrite the entire code - queries included.
5.Both are object-oriented, but MySQLi also offers a procedural API.
6.Both support Prepared Statements. Prepared Statements protect from SQL injection, and are
very important for web application security.

There are three ways of working with MySQl and PHP

MySQLi (object-oriented)
MySQLi (procedural)
PDO
Connecting to MySQL database using PHP

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There are 3 ways in which we can connect to MySQl from PHP as listed above and described
below:

1.Using MySQLi object-oriented procedure: We can use the MySQLi object-oriented procedure
to establish a connection to MySQL database from a PHP script.
Syntax:

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Creating connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);

// Checking connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
Output:
Connected successfully

Explanation: We can create an instance of the mysqli class providing all the necessary details
required to establish the connection such as host, username, password etc. If the instance is
created successfully then the connection is successful otherwise there is some error in
establishing connection.

2.Using MySQLi procedural procedure : There is also a procedural approach of MySQLi to

establish a connection to MySQL database from a PHP script as described below.
Syntax:

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Creating connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);

// Checking connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

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echo "Connected successfully";
?>
Output:
Connected successfully

Explanation: In MySQLi procedural approach instead of creating an instance we can use the
mysqli_connect() function available in PHP to establish a connection. This function takes the
information as arguments such as host, username , password , database name etc. This function
returns MySQL link identifier on successful connection or FALSE when failed to establish a
connection.

3.Using PDO procedure: PDO stands for PHP Data Objects. That is, in this method we connect to
the database using data objects in PHP as described below:
Syntax:

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=myDB", $username, $password);
// setting the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
echo "Connected successfully";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
Output:
Connected successfully

Explanation:The exception class in PDO is used to handle any problems that may occur in our
database queries. If an exception is thrown within the try{ } block, the script stops executing and
flows directly to the first catch(){ } block.

Closing A Connection

When we establish a connection to a MySQL database from a PHP script , we should also
disconnect or close the connection when our work is finished. Here we have described the

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syntax of closing the connection to a MySQL database in all 3 methods described above. We
have assumed that the reference to the connection is stored in $conn variable.

1.Using MySQLi object oriented procedure

Syntax
$conn->close();

2.Using MySQLi procedural procedure

Syntax
mysqli_close($conn);

3.Using PDO procedure

Syntax
$conn = null;

5.3 Database operations

1.Insert operation

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "stud";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO co (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('Mohit', 'Jadhawani', '[email protected]')";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

2. Retrieve Data

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<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "stud";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname,email,reg_date FROM co";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"]."-Email:"."
".$row["email"]."-Time"." ".$row["reg_date"]."<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

3. Update data

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "stud";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "UPDATE co SET lastname='khan', firstname='shah rukh' WHERE id=3";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {

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echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

4.Delete Data.

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "stud";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// sql to delete a record

$sql = "delete FROM co WHERE id=2";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

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