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    Improving Confidence in Well Integrity Cement Evaluation

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    ibrahimletaief1985
    The document discusses cement evaluation tools and techniques to improve confidence in well integrity. Traditional cement evaluation logs like CBL and VDL have limitations and can be ambiguous. Enhanced ultrasonic tools combine acoustic impedance with flexural attenuation measurements to better characterize cements. This provides a more quantitative and azimuthal view of cement placement quality and reduces uncertainty in zonal isolation assessments.

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    Improving Confidence in Well Integrity Cement Evaluation

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    ibrahimletaief1985
    5 views19 pages
    The document discusses cement evaluation tools and techniques to improve confidence in well integrity. Traditional cement evaluation logs like CBL and VDL have limitations and can be ambiguous. Enhanced ultrasonic tools combine acoustic impedance with flexural attenuation measurements to better characterize cements. This provides a more quantitative and azimuthal view of cement placement quality and reduces uncertainty in zonal isolation assessments.

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    Improving confidence in Well Integrity Cement Evaluation

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    The document discusses cement evaluation tools and techniques to improve confidence in well integrity. Traditional cement evaluation logs like CBL and VDL have limitations and can be ambiguous. Enhanced ultrasonic tools combine acoustic impedance with flexural attenuation measurements to better characterize cements. This provides a more quantitative and azimuthal view of cement placement quality and reduces uncertainty in zonal isolation assessments.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views19 pages

    Improving Confidence in Well Integrity Cement Evaluation

    Uploaded by

    ibrahimletaief1985
    The document discusses cement evaluation tools and techniques to improve confidence in well integrity. Traditional cement evaluation logs like CBL and VDL have limitations and can be ambiguous. Enhanced ultrasonic tools combine acoustic impedance with flexural attenuation measurements to better characterize cements. This provides a more quantitative and azimuthal view of cement placement quality and reduces uncertainty in zonal isolation assessments.

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    Improving Confidence in Well Integrity Cement

    Evaluation

    Pablo Estrada
    Wireline Well Integrity Domain, North Sea

    Offshore Well Integrity Conference, North Sea


    Aberdeen 27th-28th Feb. 2013
    Agenda

     Cementing Objectives
     Why Cement Evaluation?
     Cement Evaluation Measurements
    – CBL/VDL
    – Traditional Ultrasonic Technology
    – Enhanced Ultrasonic Technology
    High quality cementing objectives
     Support the pipe in place
    – Further drilling
    – Production
     Protect the pipe in place
    – Corrosive formation fluids
     Hydraulic isolation
    – No communication between different formation fluids
    – No migration of formation fluids to surface
    – No loss of production to thief zones
    Expect the unexpected in cement placement

     Cements ranges widely in property


    – Foam to high density cements
    – Contaminated cements
     Cement placement quality depends on
    – Well construction
    – Cement design and execution
    – Formation pressure, fracture gradient & fluid migration behavior
     Annulus geometry varies
    – Casing centralization
    Why cement evaluation?

    – A fundamental information requirement for Life-of-Well decisions


     Unanticipated risks – the reason to have a cement evaluation log in the first place.
    – If you do not log, you do not know if there is a problem
     Plug & Abandon decisions
    Cement Evaluation: Reducing uncertainty
    Resolve ambiguity through
    multiple measurements

    Address the wide range of cements that could


    be potentially placed
    Confirm vertical
    continuity of cement
    placement to isolate
    zones

    Identify cement placement challenges Confirm the azimuthal placement of Norsok D-10 Rev 3.0
    Confirm adequate pipe centralization (where possible) cement and absence of channels
    Cement evaluation measurements
     Presence of the cement
    – CBL – amplitude / attenuation
    Isolation Scanner
    – VDL – formation arrivals
    – Acoustic Impedance
    – Flexural attenuation Ultrasonic
    – Third Interface Echo
     Cement azimuthal placement
    – Acoustic impedance
    – Flexural attenuation
    – Third Interface Echo Sonic (CBL-VDL)
    Cement Bond Log (CBL) & Variable Density Log (VDL)
    3ft receiver - Amplitude 5ft receiver - Waveform (VDL)

    No
    Cement

    Good
    Bond
    Sonic Tools (CBL/VDL) – Too simplistic and subjective
     Strengths
    – Work well in most well fluids, tolerate corrosion
    – Qualitative cement-formation bond from VDL
    Free Pipe  Limitations
    – Omni directional measurement
    – High CBL amplitude can be ambiguous
    – Microannulus & Channels
    Well cemented Pipe
    – Contaminated or Light cement
    – Sensitive to fast formation

    ?
    Traditional Ultrasonic Technology (USI) 1st Interface 2nd Interface 3rd Interface

    Mud Casing Cement Formation


    Transducer

     Single Tx-Rx configuration rotating at 7.5 rps


     72 azimuthal measurements Echo amplitude Transit time Resonance Resonance
    Internal casing Internal radius Thickness Cement acoustic
     1.2 in (30mm) resolution condition impedance

     Excitation of thickness mode of the casing


     Inversion for the acoustic impedance
     Measurements:
    – Cement evaluation (Acoustic Impedance)
    – Casing corrosion and wear
    USI azimuthal cement evaluation
     USIT Strengths
    – High azimuthal & vertical resolution
    – Quantitative measurement
    – Less sensitive to microannulus
    – Pipe diameter & thickness measurement
     Benefits
    – Azimuthal cement map
    – Channel identification
    – Pipe inspection with cement evaluation
     Value to Operators
    – Reduced uncertainty on cement placement
    – Efficiency – Cement and Pipe Evaluation
    Traditional ultrasonic challenges

    USI Neat
    – Low mud-cement contrast 8

    contamination
    – Subjective light/contaminated

    Increasing
    6
    cements
    – Cement evaluation limited to 4

    pipes with thickness <0.6” 2 Light


    – High attenuation logging fluids
    0

    Acoustic Gas Liquid Cement Contaminated


    impedance cement

    8 Mrayls
    GAS SOLID
    (Class-G)
    0.3 Mrayls 2.6 Mrayls
    (Default) (Class-G)
    Enhanced Ultrasonic technology
    (Isolation Scanner)
     Service built on USI Ultrasonic hardware
     Combines USI measurement with 2nd flexural

    Acoustic Impedance
    attenuation measurement:

    Flexural
    – Used with USI cement acoustic impedance to
    characterize SLG (Solid-Liquid-Gas) model
     Improved evaluation of Light Weight and
    contaminated cements
     Circumferential imaging, up to formation or
    second casing
    Isolation Scanner - Material identification in annulus

    Far

    Near
    USI

    Tx

     Independent measurements to define annulus material in 1 of 3 SLG (Solid-Liquid-


    Gas) states, limiting reliance on thresholds
     SLG = Acoustic Impedance + Flexural Attenuation
    Isolation Scanner increases cement evaluation confidence
    IPTC 10546
     Isolation Scanner strengths
    – Retains USIT answers
    – Adds flexural attenuation measurement
    – Improved sensitivity to light and contaminated cements
    – Extends cement evaluation to pipe thickness up to 0.8”
     Benefits
    – Quantitative & azimuthal cement map (S-L-G)
    – Annulus velocity, pipe centralization
    – Identify presence of channels and impact to zonal isolation
    – Pipe inspection with cement evaluation
     Value to operators
    – Reduced uncertainty on cement placement and zonal isolation decisions
    Isolation Scanner - Third Interface Echo (TIE)

     Estimated wave velocity - confirm the SLG map


    and better understand cement placement
    1st Echo  Physical measurement of casing standoff in %
     Cement sheath pseudo-thickness
     3D annular geometry imaging - improved zonal
    3rd Echo isolation determination
     Support for improved completion, kickoff, CSG
    retrieval and remedial strategy

    Mud Casing Cement Formation


    Transducer
    Reducing uncertainty in zonal Isolation with FA/TIE Confirm vertical continuity
    Understand annulus behavior with Third interface echo (TIE) of cement placement to
    annulus velocity (where possible) isolate zones
    Confirm the
    azimuthal placement
    of cement and
    absence of channels

    Confirm adequate pipe centralization (where possible)


    Identify cement placement challenges
    Resolve ambiguity through multiple measurements
    Acoustic impedance, Flexural attenuation
    Reducing uncertainty in hydraulic isolation – Isolation Scanner
    Annulus cross-section shows a
    marginally thinner cement on one
     Requires the ability to side, but still confirms the presence
    of a solid cement sheath
    – Confirm vertical continuity of cement for zonal isolation
    – Confirm adequate pipe centralization
    – Confirm azimuthal cement and absence of channels
    – Resolve ambiguity through multiple measurements
     Acoustic impedance, Flexural attenuation
     3rd interface echo (TIE) annulus velocity and thickness

     Case – Confidence in Zonal Isolation


    – Patchy acoustic impedance
    – TIE annular cross-section shows a thinner annulus on one side
    (60-80% centering) Casing standoff
    SLG map discriminates measurement
    – Isolation Scanner (FA+AI) indicated more solids more solids compared indicates a
    to USIT image value of 60-80%
    – Communication test confirmed zonal isolation
    (SPE-120061)
    Thank You

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