M. Mahad Pak-Study Assignment

SECTION: BSIT-B
SUBJECT: PAKISTAN STUDIES
COURSE CODE: SSH-307
SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM MARYAM
SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD MAHAD
(ASSIGNMENT)
ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL &

INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS FROM (1857-1947)
ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL

Date of Birth:
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot on November 9, 1877.
Date of Death:
He died in Lahore on April 23, 1938.
Philosophy of Allama Iqbal:
Iqbal’s philosophy is known as the philosophy of khudi or selfhood. Rejecting the idea of a
‘fall’ from Eden or original sin, Iqbal regards the advent of human being on earth as a glorious
event, since Adam was designated by ALLAH to be ALLAH’S vicergent (khalifa) on Earth.
Asrar-e-Khudi:
The Secrets of the Self; published in Persian, (1915) was the first philosophical
poetry book of Allama Iqbal, the great poet-philosopher of British India. This book deals mainly
with the individual, while his second book Rumuz-i-khudi discusses the interaction between
the individual and society. Asrar-i-Khudi (Secrets of the Self) was the first poetry book of Iqbal.
Considered by many to be Iqbal's best book of poetry, it is concerned with the philosophy
of religion. In a letter to the poet Ghulam Qadir Girami (d.1345/1927), Iqbal wrote that "the
ideas behind the verses had never been expressed before either in the East or in the West." R.A.
Nicholson, who translated the Asrar as The Secrets of the Self, says it caught the attention of
young Muslims as soon as it was printed. Iqbal wrote this in Persian because he felt the language
was well-suited for the expression of these ideas.
Books of Allama Muhammad Iqbal:

Iqbal wrote many books. Some of them are named as:
• Shikwa Jawab-e- Shikwa
• Baang-e- Dra (The Call Of Marching Bell)
• Kuliliyat-e- Iqbal (Urdu)
• Piyam-e-Mashriq (Message From The East)
• Zaboor-e-Ajam (In Persian language)
Allama Iqbal & Politics:

Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927 and held a number of
positions in the All India Muslim League. In his 1930 presedential address at the
League’s annual meeting in Allahabad, he formulated a political framework for
Muslims in British-ruled India.
He openly negated:
“Nations are based with religion; not with territories. So we are
separate nation because we have our own Ideology.”
Iqbal first became interested in national affairs in his youth. He received
considerable recognition from the Punjabi elite after his return from England in
1908, and he was closely associated with Mian Muhammad Shafi. When the All-
India Muslim League was expanded to the provincial level, and Shafi received a
significant role in the structural organisation of the Punjab Muslim League, Iqbal
was made one of the first three joint secretaries along with Shaikh Abdul Aziz and
Maulvi Mahbub Alam. While dividing his time between law practice and poetry,
Iqbal remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian
involvement in World War I and stayed in close touch with Muslim political
leaders such as Mohammad Ali Jouhar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic
of the mainstream Indian National Congress, which he regarded as dominated
by Hindus, and was disappointed with the League when, during the 1920s, it was
absorbed in factional divides between the pro-British group led by Shafi and the
centrist group led by Jinnah. He was active in the Khilafat Movement, and was
among the founding fathers of Jamia Millia Islamia which was established
at Aligarh in October 1920. He was also given the offer of being the first vice-
chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia by Mahatma Gandhi, which he refused.
Independence Movements Lead by Muslims in subcontinent:
1. War of Independence (1857):

War of Independence, which the British call “Mutiny” started under
the leadership of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal
Ruler. But the Muslim lost the battle and were threatened by the British.
2. Ali-Garh Movement:
In 1875, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan started Ali Garh Movement. He started this
movement to awaken the educational conscious among the Muslim of
Subcontinent. Its center was Ali garh that is why it was named as Ali Garh
Movement.
3. Khilafat Movement:
The khilafat Movement (1919-1924),also known as
Caliphate movementor the Indian Muslim Movement, to influence the British
Government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of First World
War.
4. Silk letter Movement:
The Silk Letter Movement refers to a movement organised
by Deobandi leaders between 1913 and 1920, aimed at gaining Indian independence
from British rule by forming an alliance with the Ottoman Empire, the Emirate of
Afghanistan and the German Empire. This plot was uncovered by the Punjab CID with
the capture of letters from Ubaidullah Sindhi, one of the Deobandi leaders then
in Afghanistan, to Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, another leader then in Hejaz. The letters
were written on silk cloth, hence the name.
5. Pakistan Movement:
The Pakistan Movement was a political movement in the first half of the
20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British
India. It was connected to the perceived need for self-determination for Muslims under British
rule at the time. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a barrister and politician led this movement after
the Lahore Resolution was passed by All-India Muslim League on March 23rd, 1940 and Ashraf
Ali Thanwi as a religious scholar supported it.[1] Thanwi's disciples Shabbir Ahmad
Usmani and Zafar Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation of
Pakistan.[2]
The Pakistan Movement started originally as the Aligarh Movement, and as a result, the British
Indian Muslims began to develop a secular political identity. [3] Soon thereafter, the All India
Muslim League was formed, which perhaps marked the beginning of the Pakistan Movement.
And Pakistan came in to being on 14.

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SECTION: BSIT-B

SUBJECT: PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE CODE: SSH-307

SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM MARYAM

SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD MAHAD

ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL &

ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL

Books of Allama Muhammad Iqbal:

Allama Iqbal & Politics:

Independence Movements Lead by Muslims in subcontinent:

1. War of Independence (1857):

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