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    Basic Cisco Ios Commands

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    martino

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    Basic Cisco Ios Commands

    Uploaded by

    martino
    4 views9 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views9 pages

    Basic Cisco Ios Commands

    Uploaded by

    martino

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    BASIC CISCO IOS COMMANDS

    1. User and Enable mode (Privileged Exec Mode)


    Once the switch/router has booted and we have pressed the enter key, we end up in what
    we call the user mode or user EXEC mode. In this mode, we have permission to use some
    simple commands but we are restricted to congure anything or use some more advanced
    commands. Right now, the command line will show you this:

    1 Switch>

    The “>” symbol tells us that we are currently in user mode. To get full access to the switch, we have to
    enter privileged mode, also called enabled mode. Here is how to do this:

    1 Switch> enable
    2 Switch#

    Above you can see that the “>” symbol changed to “#”. This tells us we are now in enabled mode,
    granting us full access to the switch.

    1 Switch# exit
    2 Switch>

    The exit command lets you jump back to user mode.


    2. Show commands
    The show command is probably the most used command for Cisco IOS. We can use it to fetch
    any information from the switch. Let’s start with a simple example, let’s say we want to see
    some general information about the switch:

    1 Switch#show

    The show mac address-table dynamic command tells us all MAC addresses that the switch
    has learned.

    1 Switch# show mac address-table

    What if we want to see the entire conguration of the switch? There’s a show command for
    that:

    1 Switch# show running-config


    The show running-cong command gives us the entire active conguration of the switch. Even
    though we haven’t congured anything yet, there is a basic conguration.

    3. Saving the configuration


    We entered a couple of commands but once we pull the power plug, everything is gone…
    Why? Everything we congure on our switch is applied to the running conguration. This
    conguration is only active in RAM, pull the plug and it’s gone.
    If we want to save our conguration, we have to save it as the startup conguration which is
    saved in NVRAM. Next time we boot our switch, it will look for the startup conguration and
    use that. Here’s how to copy our running conguration to the startup conguration:

    1 Switch# copy running-config startup-config

    Use the copy command to copy the running conguration to the startup conguration.
    Here’s a simple illustration to help you visualize the two conguration files:
    Instead of copy, we can also use write to save our configurations

    1 Switch# write

    4. Configuration
    You probably want to make some changes to the conguration of your switch/router. Change its
    default hostname, perhaps add an IP address so you can manage it remotely, etc.

    To do this, we have to use conguration mode. In this mode, we can make changes to the
    conguration of the switch. Here’s how you enter configuration mode:

    1 Switch> enable

    First, you need to make sure you are in enable mode. Now you can use the following
    command:

    1 Switch# configure terminal

    With the congure terminal command, we enter conguration mode. Now we can make
    changes to the switch.
    Let’s start with something simple, let’s change the name of our switch with the hostname command:

    1 Switch(config)#hostname SW1
    2 SW1(config)#
    Here is a picture to help you visualize the different modes and how to move from one to
    another:

    5. Do Command
    If you are in the conguration mode, you will face the following issue if you try a show
    command:

    1 SW1(config)#show version
    2 ^

    3 % Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

    Why? The command is typed correctly but the problem here is that this is a command for the
    enable mode, not the conguration mode.
    You could exit the conguration mode but instead, you can add do in front of the show
    command:

    1 SW1(config)#do show version

    Problem solved !
    6. Question Mark
    Not sure what the command was again or how to type it? The question mark is your friend. If
    you use it, it will tell you all possible commands:

    1 SW1#?

    The question mark works in user, enable and conguration mode so go ahead and try it
    everywhere. It also helps you finding out which commands are possible. For example :

    1 SW1#cl?
    2 clear clock

    If I type cl? then the CLI tells me there are two possible commands:

    • clear
    • clock

    7. Abbreviation
    There is no need to type the exact command for CLI to accept it. You can also shorten
    commands. For example, I just used copy running-config startup config but I don’t have to
    type the entire thing. This will also work:

    1 SW1#copy run st

    After the copy command, there is only one parameter that starts with “run” which is
    running-cong. The only parameter that starts with “st” is startup-cong. Once you get more
    experience with the CLI and become familiar with the different commands, you will
    automatically use this more often.
    8. Advanced Configurations (Hostname, Interface, Telnet, SSH, console…)
    With the congure terminal command, we enter conguration mode. Now we can make
    changes to the switch/Router.

    A. Hostname

    Let’s change the name of our switch with the hostname command:

    1 R1(config)#hostname name
    2 name(config)#

    B. Interface (IP Address)

    Let’s say we want to make changes to one of our interfaces:


    Fort his example we use 192.168.10.1 as IP for the interface

    1 R1(config)#interface gig 0/0


    2 R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.10.1

    C. Enable Password (Privilege mode)

    1 R1(config)#enable secret “password”

    D. Console Port

    For physical access to the router through a PC

    • First put a set of username and password


    Here we can either use “password” or “secret” before typing the password

    1 R1(config)#username name password password


    2 R1(config)#
    • Move to the Console mode and use the “login local”

    1 R1(config)#line cons 0
    2 R1(config-line)#login local

    E. VTY (SSH & Telnet)

    • First put the set of username and password


    • Move to the vty mode and use the “login local”. We can also set a range for the
    number of connections we want simultaneously, from 0 to 15
    Here we’re going to set a range of 5 remote connection

    1 R1(config)#line vty 0 4
    2 R1(config-line)#login local

    • For the SSH

    Here we need to add some commands into the configuration mode.


    Configure a hostname for the router
    Configure the username & password credentials
    Configure the enable password
    Then set the domain name
    Finally set the encryption

    1 R1(config)#hostname test
    2 test(config)#ip domain-name “name.com”
    3 test(config)#crypto key generate rsa

    Now on the remote PC, we put the next commands:

    1 C:\>ssh -l root 192.168.10.1

    Here the root stands for the username in the set of username & password and
    192.168.10.1 stands for the IP address of the remote router
    • For the Telnet

    After configuring our set of username and password, we can just connect to our remote computer
    and tape the next command to reach the remote router through Telnet

    1 C:\>telnet 192.168.10.1

    F. DHCP

    • Create a pool for the dhcp


    • Assign a range of addresses to that pool
    • Set a default gateway which is the router ip interface connected to the network

    1 R1(config)#ip dhcp pool name-of-pool


    2 R1(dhcp-config)#network ip mask
    3 R1(dhcp-config)#default-router router-interface-ip

    • In case we want to exclude a part within our range

    1 R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address ip1-ip2

    Here, ip1 refers to the start of our range and ip2 refers to the end of it

    G. Static Routes
    DETAILED STEPS

    Step 1
    Enters configuration mode.

    1 R1#configure terminal
    2 R1(config)#

    Step 2
    Configures a static route and the interface for this static route. You can optionally configure
    the next-hop address.

    ip route {ip-addr ip-mask} {[next-hop | nh-prefix]

    1 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 <next-hop>

    Step 3
    (Optional) Displays information about static routes.

    1 R1(config)#show ip route

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