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    UNIT I Dhibiems

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    kaushal singh raghuwanshi

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    UNIT I Dhibiems

    Uploaded by

    kaushal singh raghuwanshi
    4 views3 pages

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    UNIT I dhibiems

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    4 views3 pages

    UNIT I Dhibiems

    Uploaded by

    kaushal singh raghuwanshi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    UNIT I: Introduction to DBMS

     Concept & Overview of DBMS:


     DBMS (Database Management System) is a software system that allows users to
    define, create, maintain, and manipulate databases.
     It provides a consistent, secure, and efficient way to access and manage data.

     Three Schema Architecture of DBMS:


     Three schema architecture is a conceptual model for database systems that
    separates the physical representation of data from the logical and view levels.
     The three schemas are:
    1. Physical schema: Describes how data is stored in the database.
    2. Logical schema: Describes what data is stored and the relationships b/w
    data elements.
    3. View schema: Describes how data is presented to different users.

     Database Approach v/s Traditional File Accessing Approach:


     The database approach is a method of data management that stores data in a
    centralized repository, providing a single view of data to all users.
     The traditional file accessing approach stores data in separate files, making it difficult
    to maintain data consistency and integrity.

     Advantages of Database Systems:


     Improved data sharing and access
     Data consistency and integrity
     Improved data security
     Reduced data redundancy
     Increased efficiency in data manipulation
     Data Models:
     A data model is a conceptual representation of data and the relationships between
    data elements.
     Examples of data models include the relational model, object-oriented model, and
    hierarchical model.
     Schema and Instances:
     A schema is the structure of a database, describing what data is stored and how it is
    organized.
     An instance is a specific set of data that conforms to a schema.
     Data Independence:
     Data independence is the ability to change the physical or logical structure of a
    database without affecting applications that use the database.
     Data Base Language and Interfaces:
     A database language is a programming language used to manipulate and query data
    in a database.
     Interfaces provide a way for users to interact with a database, such as through a
    graphical user interface (GUI).
     Functions of DBA and Designer:
     Database administration: Managing the database environment, including security,
    performance, and backup and recovery.
     Database design: Creating the schema for a database, including defining data
    elements, relationships, and constraints.
     Database Users:
     End users: Individuals who interact with the database through applications or
    interfaces.
     Database administrators: Individuals who manage and maintain the database.
     Database designers: Individuals who create the schema for a database.

     Entity-Relationship Model:
     Basic concepts:
     Entities: Real-world objects that can be identified and described.
     Attributes: Characteristics or properties of entities.
     Relationships: Associations between entities.
     Design Issues:
     Determining entities, attributes, and relationships.
     Defining primary and foreign keys.
     Identifying constraints and dependencies.
     Mapping Constraints:
     Specifies rules for mapping entity relationships to tables and columns in a relational
    database.
     Keys:
     A primary key is a unique identifier for an entity.
     A foreign key is a reference to a primary key in another entity.

     Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD):


     A visual representation of entities, attributes, and relationships.
     Weak Entity Sets and Extended E-R features:
     Weak entity sets have no primary key and depend on another entity for their
    existence.
     Extended E-R features include generalization, specialization, and aggregation.

     ER Diagram to Relational Table conversion:


     Mapping ERDs to relational tables involves creating tables for each entity, with
    columns for each attribute.
     Relationships are mapped using foreign keys.

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