Nabard Master Notes P-Viii - c4s

ARD
TOPIC - AGRICULTURE
MASTER NOTES PART VIII AS PER SYLLABUS
Animal Husbandry Part I
Animal Husbandry: Farm animals and their role in Indian economy, Animal
husbandry methods in India, common terms pertaining to different species of
livestock, Utility classification of breeds of cattle. Introduction to common feeds and
fodders, their classification and utility.
You Tube Lectures on these topics can be accessed through following Links
Overview of Animal Husbandry: https://youtu.be/LECWP8RV50Y
1 Mail: [email protected]
Telegram: @Clarity4sure
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Contents
1 What is Animal Husbandry? ................................................................................................ 3
2 Animal Husbandry: Farm animals and their role in Indian economy......................... 3
2.1 20th Livestock Census Highlight................................................................................... 4
2.2 Some Facts....................................................................................................................... 6
3 Common terms pertaining to different species of livestock ........................................ 8
4 Utility Classification of breeds ........................................................................................... 10
4.1 Indigenous cattle of India .......................................................................................... 11
4.1.1 Dairy (Milch Breeds) .............................................................................................. 11
4.1.2 Draught Breeds ...................................................................................................... 11
4.1.3 Dual Breeds ............................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Buffalo Breeds ............................................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 For Fast Revision ..................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Goat Breeds................................................................................................................... 16
4.4 Sheep Breeds ................................................................................................................ 17
4.5 Pig Breeds ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.6 Poultry Breeds ................................................................................................................ 18
5 Systems of livestock Production ....................................................................................... 18
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1 What is Animal Husbandry?
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. As such it is
a vital skill for farmers and is as much science as it is art. Animal husbandry deals with the
care and breeding of livestock like buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, cattle, sheep, camels,
goats, etc., that are useful to humans. Extended, it includes poultry farming and fisheries.
Fisheries include rearing, catching, selling, etc., of fish, molluscs (shell-fish) and crustaceans
(prawns, crabs, etc.). Since time immemorial, animals like bees, silk-worm, prawns, crabs,
fishes, birds, pigs, cattle, sheep and camels have been used by humans for products like
milk, eggs, meat, wool, silk, honey, etc.
2 Animal Husbandry: Farm animals and their role in Indian economy

The objective of animal rearing is to make the livestock useful for human beings for a variety
of purposes, many of which have an economic value and is contributing to the economy of
India. Therefore, Economics of Animal rearing is all about
 Improvement in Livelihood of Individual

 Upliftment of the Society
 Ultimately Improvement in Economy of India
Agricultural communities developed approximately 10,000 years ago when humans began
to domesticate plants and animals.
 The National Policy for Farmers, 2007, which aims to improve viability of farming
through sustainable development of agriculture sector with the main goal to improve
welfare of farmers and farm income, also provides for sustained development of the
livestock and fisheries sectors.
 Compound annual growth rate of nearly 8 per cent over the last five years, it assumes
an important role in income, employment and nutritional security.
 Contribution of Livestock Sector in GVA as per Economic survey 2019-20, is an around
5%
 Livestock sector contributes to around 25% of Agricultural GDP
 In just two per cent of the world’s geographical area, India accounts for 15 per cent
of the world’s livestock population
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2.1 20th Livestock Census Highlight
What is Live Stock Census?
 The Livestock Census has been conducted in the country periodically since 1919-
20.Since then it has been conducted once every 5 years.
 It covers all domesticated animals and their headcounts.
 So far 19 such censuses have been conducted by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry and Dairying, in participation with State Governments and UT
Administrations.
What is its Use?
 Accurate, reliable data therefore become the sine qua non for planning and
development of the sector
 The census is beneficial not just for policymakers but also for agriculturists, traders,
entrepreneurs, dairying industry and masses in general.
Highlights 20th Livestock Census
 Total – The total Livestock population is 535.78 million in the country showing an
increase of 6% over Livestock Census-2012. [Highest Increase in West Bengal followed
by Telangana]
 Cattle – The total number of cattle in the country has shown an increase of 0.8 %. [West
Bengal Highest Increase, Uttar Pradesh Maximum decline though state has taken
several steps to save cattle]. Cattle constitutes 36% of total livestock population
 Total Bovine population (Cattle, Buffalo, Mithun and Yak) Increase by 1%
 The Female Cattle (Cows population) increased by 18 %. The figures show that nearly
75% of total cattle in the country are female (cows) a clear sign of dairy farmers'
preferences for milk-producing cattle. This also gained momentum in the past couple
of years due to the government's assistance in terms of providing sex-sorted artificial
insemination (AI), with semen of high-yielding bulls, free of cost at farmers' doorstep
 The Indigenous/Non-descript female cattle population has increased by 10%
 There is a decline of 6 % in the total Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle population over
the previous census. However, the pace of decline of Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle
population during 2012-2019 is much lesser than as compared to the 2007-12 which
was about 9%.
 The population of the total Exotic/Crossbred Cattle has increased by 27 %
 Poultry – The backyard poultry has increased by around 46% and commercial poultry
by 4.5%. Highest % increase is in Assam
 Goat – The Goat population in the country in 2019 is 88 million showing an increase of
10.1%over the previous census.
 Pig – The total Pigs in the country is 06 Million in the current Census, declined by
12.03%over the previous Census.
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What Conclusion Do You Draw?
Conclusion 1 -Eastward shift of cattle –West Bengal has emerged as the state with the largest
number of cattle in 2019(though overall livestock population is maximum in UP) followed by
Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. In 2012, Uttar Pradesh had the largest number of cattle
but this population has come down by almost 4 per cent. States that registered the maximum
increases between 2012 and 2019 were West Bengal (15.18%), Bihar (25.18%) and Jharkhand
(28.16%).
Conclusion 2 - Decline in Indigenous cattle-Due to continuous fall in productivity, indigenous

breeds of cattle have become liabilities for farmers, forcing them to desert the unproductive
cows. Farmers find other animals such as buffaloes, goats and sheep much more productive.
Unlike cows, if these animals become unproductive, they can be sold and slaughtered for
further processing.
Conclusion 3 - Experts believe this could have long term health and environmental impacts
because the milk of indigenous breed has higher nutritional value than that of crossbreeds.
Moreover, there is a danger of losing these indigenous breeds, which have been developed
and sustained by generations from time immemorial.
Conclusion 4 - Increase in Exotic and Cross Breed cow / Buffalo- A clear sign of dairy farmers’
preferences for milk-producing cattle. This also gained momentum in the past couple of
years due to the government’s assistance in terms of providing sex-sorted artificial
insemination (AI), with semen of high-yielding bulls, free of cost at farmers’ doorstep.
The more the number of animals that produce milk, the more would be pressure on land and
fiercer would be competition between man and animals for survival
Conclusion 5 - Decline in Bull Population – However, the number of milch animals have
increased but number of bulls have decreased which used for ploughing purpose, Farm
mechanization market in India has been growing at a CAGR of 7.53 per cent during 2016-
2018. The increasing Farm mechanization may have reduced the need of Draught animals.
Conclusion 6 - Backyard Poultry –Backyard poultry production comprises rearing of

indigenous birds with poor production performances. The sharp increase in backyard poultry
is a significant change in the rural landscape which shows a sign of poverty alleviation.
Conclusion 7 - Goat population Increased – Goats are capable of adapting to various agro-
climatic conditions ranging from arid dry to cold arid to hot humid. They can be raised in
plains, hilly tracts, sandy zones and at high altitudes. Goat has been described as a poor
man’s cow (or mini-cow) because of its immense contribution to the poor man’s economy,
it is also a sign of poverty alleviation
Conclusion 8 - Decline in Pig Population–Maximum Pig Population in India is from Eastern and
North Eastern part; the decline may be due to alternative means of livelihood as many
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government schemes related to horticulture have well penetrated in NE India which has
feasible agro climatic conditions for exotic fruit, vegetable and flower cultivation. Changing
taste and preference of people may also be the cause.
2.2 Some Facts

 Average Milk Yield Chart as given below in table (Kg/day)
Exotic Cow Crossbred Cow Indigenous Cow Non-Descript Cow Indigenous Buffalo Non-Descript Buffalo Goat
11.21 7.33 3.41 2.16 5.76 3.80 0.45
 Species wise Milk Contribution:
% Share in Milk Production
9%
12%
36%
3%
1%
13%
26%
Indigenous Buffalo Exotic cross cattle Non Descript Buffalo

Exotic cattle Goat Indigenous cattle
Non Descript cattle
 Category wise Meat Production- Poultry>Buffalo>Goat>Pig
 Percentage wise Meat Production: Highest share poultry 46% and lowest being that
of Cattle
Meat Production
13%
6%
5% 46%
7%
23%
Poultry Buffalo Sheep Cattle Pig Goat
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 National Livestock Mission (NLM) (2014-15) has been launched during Twelfth Five Year
Plan, with the main objective of achieving sustainable development of the sector by
providing greater flexibility to states in formulating and implementing the schemes as
per the local needs for benefit of the farmers.
 National Dairy Plan Phase I (NDP I) is a Central Sector Scheme for a period of 2011-12
to 2018-19.
 Important Institutes
 The Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD) of Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar is functioning as Central Laboratory
 The Disease Investigation Laboratory, Pune
 Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Kolkata
 Institute of Animal Health & Biologicals, Bangalore
 Animal Health Institute, Jalandhar
 National Milk Day : 26 November
 “National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development” (NPBB&DD) was
launched in Feb-2014 by merging of four ongoing schemes namely Integrated Dairy
Development Programme (IDDP), Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality & Clean Milk
Production (SIQ-CMP), Assistance to Cooperatives (A to C) and National Project for
Cattle & Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB)
 “MAITRI (MultiPurpose AI Technician in Rural India) is a programme under NPBB.
 The scheme ‘Integrated Dairy Development Programme (IDDP) in Non- Operation

Flood, Hilly and Backward Areas’ was started in 1993-94
 Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (DEDS) was started in September, 2010

with the objective to generate self employment opportunities in dairy sector in the
country. This scheme is being implemented through NABARD which provides financial
assistance to commercially bankable projects with loans from Commercial,
Cooperative, Urban and Rural banks with a back ended capital subsidy of 25% of the
project cost to the beneficiaries of general category and 33.33% of the project cost to
SC & ST beneficiaries.
 Cooperatives & private dairies procure about 20% of the milk produced in the country
while 32% is sold in the unorganised market and about 48% is consumed locally. About
40 per cent of the milk sold is handled by the organised sector and the remaining 60
percent by the unorganised sector
 National Action Plan for Dairy Development with a target to double the income of
dairy farmers through increasing organised milk handling from 20% at present to 50%
by 2022- 23.
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 The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) with headquarters in Anand in Gujarat
(India) is a statutory body corporate NDDB was set up in 1965. In 1987, NDDB was
declared an institution of national importance and a statutory body by an Act of
Parliament.
3 Common terms pertaining to different species of livestock

 Type: It is a commonly accepted standard that combines those characteristics
essential in adopting an animal for a particular purpose e.g. milk, meat wool or work.
 Sire: The male parent of the calf.
 Dam: Female parent of the calf.
 Calf: Young one of cattle or buffalo below the age of six months is called calf.
 Heifer: The younger female of cattle above age of six months to first calving.
 Bull: It is unsaturated of, cattle used for breeding or covering the cows.
 Bullock: It is the castrated male of cattle used for work.
 Service: The process in which mature male covers the female i.e. in heat with the
object to deposit spermatozoa in the female genital tract is called service.
 Conception: The successful union of male and female gametes & implantation of
zygote is known as conception.
 Gestation: It is the condition of female when developing foetus in present in the uterus.
 Gestation period: The period from the date of service (actual conception) to the date
of parturition is termed as parturition period or pregnancy period. This period varies
according to species of animals e.g. is cows 279-283 days, in buffalo 310 days, sheep
148-152 days, goat 150-152 days.
 Parturition: The act of giving birth to young one is called parturition.
 Lactation period: The period after parturition in which the animal produces milk.
 Dry period: The period after lactation in which the animal does not produce milk.
 Calving interval: The period between two successive calving is calving interval.
 Average: It is the sum of production divided by No. of animals.
 West average: It is the average daily milk yield of a cow is lactation.
Total milk yield. of a lactation (kg or Lt).
W.A = ----------------------------------------------------------
Lactation period (days)

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 Herd Average: It is average daily milk yield of milling animal in a herd.
Total milk yield of a day
H. A. = ————————————--
No. of milking animals
 Overall average: It is average daily milk yield of the animal in the period of
calving interval.
Total milk yield of lactation
O.A. = ——————————————
Calving interval (days)
 Free martin: A sterile heifer born twin with the male.

 Buller: Cow always in estrus condition.
 Steer: The male cattle that is castrated when he is still a calf or before the
development of sexual maturity is called steer.
 Veal: The meat of calf below the age of 3 months.
 Beef: The meat of- cattle past calf stage
 Pork: The meat of swine
 Mutton: The meat of sheep & goat.
 Chevon: The meat of goat
 Wedder: A castrated sheep is called wedder.
 Broiler: Broiler are young chicken of either sex, which are reared primarily for meat
purposes and marketed at an age of 6-8 weeks
 Grower: The management of birds during 9-20 weeks or to the point of laying is
referred to as grower period.
 Layer: The management of birds during 21-72 weeks of age for the purpose of laying
eggs (egg production).
 Lactation yield  The lactation yield in a lactation period is known
as lactation yield, Normally in dairy cattle 30 - 40
% increase in milk production from first lactation
to maturity is observed. After 3 or 4 lactation the
production starts declining.
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 Lactation Period  The length of milk producing period after calving
is known as lactation period. The optimum
lactation period is 305 days
 Persistency of Milk Yield  During lactation period the animal reaches

maximum milk yield per day with in 2-4 weeks
which is called peak yield.
 Age at first calving  The desirable age at first calving in Indian breeds
is 3 years, 2 years in cross breed cattle and 3 1/2
years in Buffaloes
 Service period  It is the period between -date of calving and

date of successful conception. For cattle the
optimum service period is 60-90 days.
 Dry Period  It is the period from the date of drying (stop of

milk production) to next calving. A minimum of 2
– 2 ½ months dry period should be allowed
 Inter-calving period  It is more, profitable to have one calf yearly in

cattle and at least one calf for every 15 months
in buffaloes
4 Utility Classification of breeds

Animal Husbandry Poultry Pisciculture Goat/Sheep
 Milch  Egg  Fish  Milch
 Drought  Layer  Prawn  Meat
 Dual  Dual  Others  Dual
Milch Breeds / Milk Breeds: The cows of these breeds are high milk yields and the male
animals are slow or poor work animals. The examples of Indian milch breeds are shahiwal,
Red Sindhi, Gir and Deoni The milk production of milk breeds is on the average more than
1600 kg per lactation
Dual Purpose Breeds: The cows in these breeds are average milk yielder and male animals
are very useful for work. Their milk production per lactation is 500 kg to 150 kg. The example
of this group is Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej, Tharparker, Krishna valley, Rathi and Goalo
Mewathi.
Draught Breeds: The male animals are good for work and Cows are poor milk yielder are
their milk yield as an average is less than 500 kg per lactation. They are usually white in color.
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Twice as much weight can be pulled on pneumatic rubber tube carts. The example of this
group Kangayam, Umblacherry, Amritmahal, Hallikar.
 Exotic breed – Milch – Jersey, Holstein Friesian

 Cross-breed cattle in India
S. Name of the
Native breed Remarks
No Breed
1 Brown Swiss Switzerland Dairy breed
2 Holstein Friesian Holland Dairy breed
3 Jersey British Isles Dairy breed
4.1 Indigenous cattle of India
4.1.1 Dairy (Milch Breeds)

Breed GIR RED SINDHI SAHIWAL
Milk Yield 1200-1800 kg per 1250 to 1800 kg per 1400 and 2500 kg per
lactation lactation lactation
Age at Calving Age at first calving Age at first calving 39- Age at first calving ranges
45-54 months and 50 months and from 37 to 48 months and
Intercalving Period Inter calving period inter calving period inter calving interval is 430
from 515 to 600 from 425-540 days to 580 days
days.
Remarks Horn - ½ Moon Shape Origin Outside India Originated in Montgomery
Pakistan
Known for its hardiness
known as Lola
and disease
resistance.
Heavy breed with
Also Known as symmetrical body having
Bhadawari, Surati loose skin.
4.1.2 Draught Breeds

Halikar Amritmahal Khilari Kangayam Bargur Umblacherry Pulikulam
Vijaynagram, Hasan, Sholapur, Erode, Tamil Erode, Thanjavur, Madurai,
Karnataka Chitradurga Maharashtra Nadu Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu
of Karnataka
Known for Maharajahs Closely eyes are dark Developed Suitable for wet Well-
Trotting of Mysore resembles and for work in ploughing, developed
ability developed Hallikar prominent uneven dehorning of hump.
this breed. breed with black hilly bullocks is
rings terrains peculiar
Horns are Long horns Compact Known for legs have white used for
long and end turn from body their speed markings penning in
in sharp black black to and the field,
- points pinkish endurance typical
in trotting. backward
curving
horns
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4.1.3 Dual Breeds
Tharpakar Hariana Kankrej Ongole Krishna Deoni
Valley
Tharpakar, Jind, Gurgaon Gurat, Barmer Nellore, AP Krishna, AP Western AP
Pakistan
1800 to 2600 600 to 800 kg 1400 kg per 1000 kg per 900 kg per 636 to 1230 kg per
kg of milk per of milk in lactation. lactation lactation. lactation.
lactation. lactation.
Age at first Age at first Also called Age at first Tail almost Caving interval
calving 38 to calving is 40 wadhiar calving is 38 to reaches the averages 447 days.
42 months to 60 months 45 months and ground. Age at first calving
and inter and calving silver-grey to iron- the ranges from 894 to
calving interval is 480 grey or steel black intercalving 1540 days.
period from to 630 days. period is 470
430 to 460 days.
days.
lyre-shaped Horns are lyre- Exported to Loosely built Bullocks are
horn shaped. south East short body. suitable for heavy
suitable for 1 ¼ paces (sawai Asian and Slow cultivation.
ploughing chal). American Ploughing
and casting countries
Large muscular Originated
breed with a from black
well cotton soil
developed of Krishna
hump.
Suitable for
heavy draught
work.
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4.2 Buffalo Breeds
4.2.1 For Fast Revision

Breeds Features
Red Sindhi • Karachi, Inter calving period from 425-540 days.
Sahiwal • Montgomery, Best indigenous breed - 1400 and 2500 kg per

lactation, Heavy breed with loose skin
• Age @ first calving 37 months
Gir • Gujrat, half moon’ appearance horn,
Amrit Mahal • Maharajahs of Mysore developed this breed.
• The muzzle, feat and tail are usually black.
• Horns are long and end in sharp black points.
Bargur • Tamil Nadu, Developed for work in uneven hilly terrains.
• Known for their speed and endurance in trotting.
• Bargur cattle are of brown colour with white markings.
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Halikar • Karnataka, Known for draught capacity and trotting ability
Khilari • Maharashtra, Grey white, Long horns turn forwards in a peculiar

fashion.
Kangayam • Tamil Nadu, The eyes are dark and prominent with black rings
around them.
Umblacherry • Tamil Nadu - Suitable for wet ploughing and known for their
strength and sturdiness
• The practice of dehorning of bullocks is peculiar in Umblachery

cattle
Pullikulam • Tamil Nadu, Jallikattu madu, Mainly used for penning in the field,
well developed hump
• They have the typical backward curving horns of Mysore type

cattle.
BREED FEATURE
Tharparkar • Pakistan, lyre-shaped horn,
• The bullocks are quite suitable for ploughing and casting
• Highest Milk among Dual Breeds
Hariana • Haryana, Horns are small
Kankrej • Gujarat, The horns are lyre-shaped.
• Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel

black.
• The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces (sawai chal).
Ongole • Large muscular breed with a well developed hump.
• Suitable for heavy draught work.
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• White or light grey in colour.
• Exported to south East Asian and American countries for

development of meat cattle.
Krishna • Karnataka, Suited in black soil

Valley
• Animals are large, having a massive frame with deep, loosely
built short body.
• Tail almost reaches the ground
Deoni • Maharstra, Body colour is usually spotted black and white,
• Bullocks are suitable for heavy cultivation.
Breed Feature
JERSEY • It is developed in the Jersey Island, U.K.
• It is the smallest of the dairy types of cattle.
• Dished fore head and compact and angular body.
• These are economical producers of milk with 4.5% fat.
• Average milk yield is 4500 kg per lactation, Calving @ minimum

age 25 months
Holstein • Netherland
Friesian
• They are ruggedly built and they possess large udder, produce
highest milk per lactation (7000kg)
• They are the largest dairy breed and mature cows weigh as much
as 700kg.
• They have typical marking of black and white that make them
easily distinguishable.
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• Fat – 3.45%
Brown Swiss • Switzerland, The Karan Swiss is the excellent crossbred cattle
obtained by crossing this breed with Sahiwal cattle at NDRI, Karnal.
Red Dane • Denmark
Ayrshire • Origin Ayrshire in Scotland is considered as most beautiful dairy

breed. These are very active animals but hard to manage.
• They do not produce as much milk or butter fat (only 4%) as some
of the other dairy breeds.
• The breed was also known as Dunlop cattle or Cunningham cattle.
Guernsey • France, The milk has a golden colour due to an exceptionally high
content of beta carotene which may help to reduce the risks of
certain cancers. The milk also has a high butterfat content of 5%
and a high protein content of 3.7%.
4.3 Goat Breeds

Himalyan Northern Central Southern Eastern
Pashmina Jamnuapari Berari Surti Bengal breed
Chegu Beetal Kathiwari Malabar Assam breed
Barbari Deccania
1. Himalyan
 Pashmina: They are raised above 3400 m elevations in the Himalayas. They produce
the softest and warmest animal fibre used for high quality fabrics. The yield of
pashmina varies from 75-150 g/goat.
 Chegu: This breed is found in the mountainous range of spiti, yaksar and Kashmir. The
goats of this breed yield of pashmina, good meat and a small quantity of milk.
2. Northern Region
 Jamnunapari: Native of Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. These are large sized, tall,
leggy with large folded pendulous ears and prominent Roman nose. They carry long
and thick hair on their hind quarters and has a glossy goat. Horns are short flat. The
average daily milk yield in 2.25 to 2.7 kg. The milk yield in a lactation period of, 250
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days varies from 250 - 300 kg with 3.5 percent fat content. The Jamunapari goats have
been used for evolving the famous Anglo -Nubian breed of goats in England.
 Beetal: Mainly found in Punjab and this breed is evolved from Jamunapari breed.
Color is red and tan, heavily spotted on white. Bucks weight 65 - 86 kg does weight
45-61 kg does yield about 1 kg milk daily, bucks may have a beard.
 Barbari: This breed is found in Etawah, Etah, Agra and Mathura districts of U.P, kamal,
Paniphat and Rothak in Hariyana, color varies with white, red and tan sports being
common. These are small and short haired, with erect horns. They are usually stall fed
and yield 0.90 to 1.25 kg of milk (fat 5%) per day in a lactation period of 108 days.
They are prolific breeders and usually kid twice in 12 -15 months. This breed is highly fit
for intensive rearing.
3. Central region: This region includes Rajasthan, Madya pradesh, Gujarat .They are
derived from Jamunapari breed. These breeds comes in different color combinations.
They yield between 0.75 -1 kg of milk per day.
 Berari: found in Nagpur and wardha district of Maharastra and Ninar district of
Madhya Pradesh. These are tall and dark colored breeds. Doe yields about 0.6 kg of
milk per day.
 Kathiiawari: This breed is native of Kutch, Northern Gujarat and Rajasthan. The goats
have black coat with reddish color marks on the neck. The doe yields about 1.25 k.g
of milk per day.
4. Southern region
 Surti: Surti goats resemble Berari goats and possess white, short legs. Surti is popular in
Bombay, Nasik and Surat. Does are good milk producers yielding 2.25 kg per day.
 Deccania or Osmanabadi: These have originated from a mixture of the goats of the
plains. They are black, mixtures of white and black or red are also found. The milk yield
is 1.4 to 2.25 kg per day.
 Malarbar (or) Tellicherry: found in Northern Kerala
 GBRI: This is a mixture of two more type of goats. The color is not uniform and may vary
from black to white. The milk yield in is 0.9 to 2.8 kg/day.
5. Eastern Region
 Bengal: The skin of Bengal goats are of excellent quality and is in great demand in
India and abroad in foot-wear industry.
 Assam Hilly breed:
6. Exotic Breed
 Toggenberg, Sanine, Nubian, Alpine
4.4 Sheep Breeds

 Indigenous: Nellore, Mandya (typical “U" shaped conformation from the rear), Trichy
black, Madras red, Mecheri
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 Exotic: Merino(Spain), Rambouillet(France), Dorset(UK), Corriedale(Native of New
Zealand)
4.5 Pig Breeds

 Large White Yorkshire, Middle White Yorkshire, Landrace
 Gestation Period 114 Days
4.6 Poultry Breeds

Non Asiatic Asiatic
American - New Hampshire, White Listed below
Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red,
Wyandote II
Mediterranean Class – Leghor, Minorca,
Ancona
English Class – Australorp, Sussex,
Orphington
Native breeds of egg type chicken Native breeds of Broiler (Meat) Purpose
Breed LI-80
Aseel Golden-
Frizzle 92
Kadaknath Priya
Naked neck Sonali
Devendra
Caribro
Some breeds laying high number of eggs per year
Red Sussex 250-300

Rhode Island Red 280
Plymoth rock 280
Others
 CHABRO - (Multi-coloured dual purpose bird)

 CHABROWN - (coloured prolific egg laying bird)
 Aseel Cross - (Pure desi bird dual type, Game bird)
 CHANN - (coloured dual purpose & heat resistant bird)
 KADAKNATH (Kalamassi) - (Pure desi bird, GI Tag Jhabua MP)
 KALINGA BROWN - Cross of White leghorn and RIR, Suitable for both backyard
& intensive farming
 KAVERI - Egg type rural bird
** There is overlapping in some breeds for egg and meat
5 Systems of livestock Production

Extensive Requires extensive land
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Semi Intensive Few months grazing
Intensive Total confinement to shed
6 Practice Questions
Q1. Which of these breed is famous for its “SAWAI CHAAL” which helps in faster ploughing
of land?
a. Deoni
b. Gir
c. Kankrej
d. Hariana
e. None
Q2. Draught Power yield by a pair of bullock in Horsepower is ?
a. 0.5HP
b. 1.00HP
c. 1.50 HP
d. 2.00 HP
e. None
Q3. The breed famous for half moon shaped Horns ?
a. Gir
b. Kankrej
c. Harina
d. Deoni
e. Both a and b
Q4. Which breed of cattle originated in Originated in Montgomery region of
undivided India?
a. Red Sindhi
b. Sahiwal
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c. Amrit Mahal
d. Hallikar
e. None
Q5. Identify the breed with following features
white marking on the face, on limbs and tail.
ks like socks.
a. Umblacherry
b. Kangayam
c. Amritmahal
d. Bargur
e. None of the above
Q6. Identify the breed
long horns and strong legs.
trotting ability
a. Hallikar
b. Amritmahal
c. Umblacherry
d. Deoni
e. None
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black points
a. Hallikar
b. Amritmahal
c. Umblacherry
d. Deoni
e. None
black, sometimes pinkish.
a. Halikar
b. Khilari
c. Deoni
d. Amritmahal
e. None
-shaped
-grey to iron-grey or steel black.
a. Red Sindhi
b. Sahiwal
c. Amrit Mahal
d. Hallikar
e. Kankrej
Q10.Identify the exotic breed?
of Jersey cattle is reddish fawn.
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a. Jersey
b. Holsten Frison
c. Brown Swiss
d. Red Dane
e. None
Q11. Which exotic breed gives highest yield?
a. Jersey
b. Holsten Frison
c. Brown Swiss
d. Red Dane
e. None
extremities sometimes found.
a. Murrah
b. Surti
c. Jaffrabadi
d. Bhadwari
e. None
breed. Eye lids are generally copper or light brown colour.
white lines ‘Chevron’ are present at the lower side of the neck
similar to that of Surti buffaloes.
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a. Murrah
b. Surti
c. Jaffrabadi
d. Bhadwari
e. None
Q14. Wall eyes is associated with which breed?
a. Murrah
b. Surti
c. Jaffrabadi
d. Bhadwari
e. Nili Ravi
Q15. The Fat content of Bhadwari Buffalo is about?
a. 6%
b. 8%
c. 10%
d. 12%
e. None
Q16. Mehsana is a cross between?
a. Surti x Murrah
b. Murrah x Surti
c. Murrah x Sahiwal
d. Murrah x Bhadwari
Q17. The buffalo named after Tribe?
a. Murrah
b. Mehsana
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c. Toda
d. Nagpuri
e. None
Q18. Maximum number of Buffalo per pen is ?
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60
e. None
Q19. Maximum number of Cow per pen is ?
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60
e. None
Q20. Floor space in sqm per Buffalo is?
a. 4-6
b. 6-8
c. 4-8
d. 5-10
e. None
Q21. Floor space in sqm per Buffalo is?
a. 3-6
b. 3.5-7
c. 4-8
d. 5-10
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NEXT – PART IX
Animal Husbandry Part II
Introduction to common feeds and fodders, their classification and utility. Housing,
Milking, Dehorning, Techno commercial parameters and NABARD Model Projects
Feedback can be submitted to E-Mail: [email protected]
Notes will be updated as and when required and reposted in telegram channel
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ARD

MASTER NOTES PART VIII AS PER SYLLABUS

Animal Husbandry Part I

Overview of Animal Husbandry: https://youtu.be/LECWP8RV50Y

2 Animal Husbandry: Farm animals and their role in Indian economy

 Improvement in Livelihood of Individual

What is its Use?

Highlights 20th Livestock Census

Conclusion 2 - Decline in Indigenous cattle-Due to continuous fall in productivity, indigenous

Conclusion 6 - Backyard Poultry –Backyard poultry production comprises rearing of

2.2 Some Facts

11.21 7.33 3.41 2.16 5.76 3.80 0.45

 Species wise Milk Contribution:

% Share in Milk Production

Indigenous Buffalo Exotic cross cattle Non Descript Buffalo

 Category wise Meat Production- Poultry>Buffalo>Goat>Pig

Poultry Buffalo Sheep Cattle Pig Goat

 National Milk Day : 26 November

 “MAITRI (MultiPurpose AI Technician in Rural India) is a programme under NPBB.

 The scheme ‘Integrated Dairy Development Programme (IDDP) in Non- Operation

 Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (DEDS) was started in September, 2010

3 Common terms pertaining to different species of livestock

Total milk yield. of a lactation (kg or Lt).

Lactation period (days)

Total milk yield of a day

No. of milking animals

Total milk yield of lactation

Calving interval (days)

 Free martin: A sterile heifer born twin with the male.

 Persistency of Milk Yield  During lactation period the animal reaches

 Service period  It is the period between -date of calving and

 Dry Period  It is the period from the date of drying (stop of

 Inter-calving period  It is more, profitable to have one calf yearly in

4 Utility Classification of breeds

 Exotic breed – Milch – Jersey, Holstein Friesian

4.1 Indigenous cattle of India

4.1.1 Dairy (Milch Breeds)

4.1.2 Draught Breeds

4.2.1 For Fast Revision

Red Sindhi • Karachi, Inter calving period from 425-540 days.

Sahiwal • Montgomery, Best indigenous breed - 1400 and 2500 kg per

• Age @ first calving 37 months

Gir • Gujrat, half moon’ appearance horn,

Amrit Mahal • Maharajahs of Mysore developed this breed.

• The muzzle, feat and tail are usually black.

• Horns are long and end in sharp black points.

Bargur • Tamil Nadu, Developed for work in uneven hilly terrains.

• Known for their speed and endurance in trotting.

• Bargur cattle are of brown colour with white markings.

Khilari • Maharashtra, Grey white, Long horns turn forwards in a peculiar

• The practice of dehorning of bullocks is peculiar in Umblachery

• They have the typical backward curving horns of Mysore type

Tharparkar • Pakistan, lyre-shaped horn,

• The bullocks are quite suitable for ploughing and casting

• Highest Milk among Dual Breeds

Hariana • Haryana, Horns are small

Kankrej • Gujarat, The horns are lyre-shaped.

• Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel

• The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces (sawai chal).