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    Lec 3 PDF

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    محمد امين

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    Lec 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    محمد امين
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    lec 3.pdf

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    5 views14 pages

    Lec 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    محمد امين

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 14

    ANATOMICAL

    DEPARTMENT OF
    PROSTHODONTICS
    LANDMARKS OF THE
    MANDIBLE AND
    MANDIBULAR ARCH

    MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS

    • Residual alveolar ridge


    • Buccal shelf area
    • Mental foramen
    Supporting • Mylohyoid ridge
    structures • Genial tubercles
    • Torus mandibularis
    • Labial frenum
    • Labial vestibule
    Limiting and • Buccal frenum
    peripheral
    structures • Buccal vestibule
    • Lingual frenum
    • Retromolar pad area

    THE IMPORTANT EXTERNAL SURFACE LANDMARKS OF THE


    MANDIBLE ARE:

     Mental Protuberance.A roughly triangular


    prominence occurring in the midline near the
    inferior border of the mandible (chin point).

     Mental Foramen.The anterior opening of the


    mandibular canal. The foramen is usually found
    between and slightly below the first and second
    bicuspid root tips.The inferior alveolar nerve passes
    within the mandibular canal and exits onto the
    exterior surface of the mandible through the mental
    foramen to become the mental nerve. Compression of
    the mental nerve by artificial dental replacements must
    be avoided. It causes a feeling of pain or numbness.
    ¨ Mental Foramen
    ⚫ As described previously, the mental
    foramen is a hole in bone ordinarily
    found on the buccal surface of the
    alveolar ridge. It is located between and
    slightly below the root tips of the first
    and second bicuspid teeth. There is no
    tissue bump over the hole as in the case
    of the incisive foramen.

    When resorption of the alveolar ridge is drastic, the mental foramen is


    found below the oral mucosa on the crest of the alveolar process. In
    these cases, relief of the denture is necessary to avoid excessive pressure
    on the nerve fibers which exit from this foramen, compression results in
    loss of feeling in the lower lip.
    Relief in this case is defined as space provided between the under surface
    of the denture and the soft tissue to reduce or eliminate pressure on
    certain anatomical structures.
    ⚫ External Oblique Ridge (Line). The external
    oblique ridge extends at an oblique angle
    across the external surface of the body of the
    mandible. This ridge begins at the lower
    anterior edge of the ramus, continues onto
    the body, and progressively thins out to end
    near the mental foramen. The external
    oblique ridge is most prominent in the molar
    area and forms a distinct ledge with relation
    to the base of the alveolar process. This ledge
    is called the buccal shelf.

    THE SIGNIFICANT INTERNAL LANDMARKS OF THE MANDIBLE

    Mylohyoid Ridge
    Located on the internal surface of the
    mandible, the mylohyoid ridge occupies a
    position similar to the external oblique ridge
    on the external surface The mylohyoid ridge
    passes forward and downward from the
    internal aspects of the ramus onto the body
    of the mandible and fades out near the
    midline This ridge serves as the lateral line of
    origin for the mylohyoid muscle (the
    mylohyoid muscle forms the major portion
    of the floor of the mouth)
    Following the extraction of the teeth and
    subsequent resorption, the mylohyoid ridge
    become more prominent, this can result in
    mucosal soreness beanth the denture
    bearing area, the relief is necessary .

    Retro mylohyoid space: located posterior


    to the mylohyoid ridge, should be recorded
    very critical for security of mandibular
    denture

    Genial Tubercles .
    Slightly above the lower border
    of the mandible in the midline,
    the bone is elevated to a more
    or less sharply defined
    prominence forming the genial
    tubercles.
    Sublingual Fossa. A shallow concavity which houses a
    portion of the sublingual gland, this depression occurs
    just above the anterior part of the mylohyoid ridge.

    Mandibular Foramen. The foramen is located in


    almost the exact center of the inner surface of the
    mandibular ramus. It opens into the mandibular canal.

    Lingula. A bony prominence on the anterior border


    of the mandibular foramen.

    Digastric Fovea. A depression found on both sides of


    the midline near the inferior lingual border of the
    mandible.

     Torus mandibularis
    is a bony growth in the mandible along
    the surface nearest to the tongue.
    Mandibular tori are usually present
    near the premolars and above the
    location of the mylohyoid muscle's
    attachment to the mandible.
    Alveolar Process
    The alveolar process is the process of the
    mandible that surrounds the roots of the
    natural teeth The right and left alveolar
    processes combine to form the mandibular arch
    After natural teeth are extracted, the remnant
    of the alveolar
    process is called the alveolar or residual ridge As
    time goes on, a residual ridge usually resorbs
    (gets smaller) Represent the secondary stress
    bearing area

    Buccal Shelf
    The buccal shelf is a ledge located buccal to the
    base of the alveolar ridge in the bicuspid and molar
    regions Laterally, the shelf extends from the crest
    alveolar ridge to the external oblique line The buccal
    shelf is a support area for a mandibular denture,
    especially when the remaining alveolar ridge is
    relatively small represent the primary stress bearing
    area due to it area of compact bone (dense closely
    placed trabecullae are arranged parallel therefor is
    best to receive masticatory stress in vertical direction
    Retromolar Pad triangle:
    A pear shaped mass of soft tissue located at the posterior end of the
    mandibular alveolar ridge
    The retromolar pads are important for
    these reasons:
    ⚫ When maxillary and mandibular natural teeth are
    brought together, a plane of contact automatically
    forms between the occlusal surfaces of the upper and
    lower teeth (occlusal plane).
    ⚫ When this plane of contact is projected posteriorly, it
    intersects with the mandible at two points; one point
    is on each side of the arch. These points are about
    two-thirds of the way up the height of the retromolar
    pads. The position of the pads remain constnt even
    after the natural teeth are extracted.
    •These facts ensure that the pads are an excellent guide for determining and setting the plane
    of occlusion between upper and lower denture teeth.
    •The pads serve as bilateral, distal support for a mandibular denture. Covering
    the pads with the denture base helps reduce the rate of alveolar ridge resorption.

    Frena
    ⚫ The labial and buccal frena of the mandible are in corresponding
    positions to their counterparts in the upper jaw. Also, a lingual
    frenum can be seen in the floor of the mouth when the tongue is
    raised. The lingual frenum is present in the approximate midline
    and extends from the floor of the mouth to the lingual surface of
    the alveolar ridge.
    ¨ Sulci
    ⚫ Labial Sulcus. The labial sulcus of the lower jaw lies at the base of
    the alveolar ridge between labial and buccal frena.
    ⚫ Buccal Sulcus. The buccal sulcus extends posteriorly from the
    buccal frenum to the buccal aspect of the retromolar pad.
    ⚫ Lingual Sulcus. The lingual sulcus is the groove formed by the
    floor of the mouth as it turns up onto the lingual aspect of the
    alveolar ridge.
    ⚫ Sulci rise and fall with facial expressions
    and tongue movements.
    Massetric notch area: lateral to the retromolar pad area and
    continuous anteriorly to the buccal sulcus, overextension of the
    denture cause the dislogement of denture and laceration

    ⚫ ¨ Floor of the Mouth


    The anterior two thirds of the floor of the
    mouth is formed by the union of the right
    and left mylohyoid muscles in the midline
    The depth of the floor of the mouth in
    relation to the mandibular alveolar ridge
    constantly changes due to factors such as
    mylohyoid muscle contractions, tongue
    movements, and swallowing activities The
    posterior one third of the lingual sulcus
    area is called the retromylohyoid space
    distally, the area is shaped by the
    palatoglossus muscle
    LANDMARKS
    OF THE
    LOWER JAW

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