4 - Cell Structure Gizmo Answers
4 - Cell Structure Gizmo Answers
4 - Cell Structure Gizmo Answers
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Vocabulary: cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, centriole, chloroplast, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton,
endoplasmic reticulum, flagellum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleoid, nuclear
membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, organelle, pilus, plasmid, plastid, ribosome, vacuole, vesicle
1. What do you think are some of the structures inside a cell that help it to live and perform its
role in an organism?
Answers will vary. [Students may be aware of the nucleus and cell membrane.]
2. How do you think plant cells differ from animal cells? (Hint: What can plants do that animals
cannot?)
Answers will vary. [Students may note that plants can produce energy from sunlight, so they
must need some kind of structure for doing this.]
Gizmo Warm-up
The Cell Structure Gizmo allows you to look at typical
animal, plant, and bacterial cells under a microscope.
On the ANIMAL CELL tab, click Sample to take a
sample of an animal cell. On the dropdown menu,
select Centriole.
The centrioles help to organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
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Question: Organelles are specialized structures that perform various functions in the
cell. What are the functions of the organelles in an animal cell?
1. Label: Locate each organelle in the animal cell. You can choose organelles from the
dropdown menu or click on them directly. Label the organelles in the diagram below.
Vacuole Nucleolus
Ribosome Nucleus
Cytoskeleton Vesicle
2. Match: Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.
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3. Investigate: Select the Cell membrane. Turn on Show closeup. Read the description,
watch the animation, and answer the following questions below.
A. What kind of molecules can diffuse (go through) the cell membrane directly?
Small molecules and uncharged ions can go directly through the membrane.
B. How can some large molecules and charged ions get through the cell membrane?
Charged ions and large molecules can get through the membrane using protein
channels.
4. Investigate: Select the Nuclear membrane closeup. How is the nuclear membrane similar
to the cell membrane?
The nuclear membrane regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus like the cell
membrane does for the cell.
5. Investigate: Select the Mitochondrion closeup. What happens inside the mitochondrion?
Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. Inside the mitochondrion, those small
molecules react with oxygen to produce energy and carbon dioxide.
6. Investigate: Select the Ribosome closeup. How does the cell make proteins inside the
ribosome?
Ribosomes use the code in mRNA molecules as a template to make proteins. tRNAs bring
amino acids (the building block of proteins) to the ribosome for assembly into a chain.
7. Investigate: Select the Vesicle closeup. How do vesicles move through the cell?
Vesicles attach to a motor protein called kinesin. Kinesin “walks” along the cytoskeleton,
pulling the vesicle from one part of the cell to another.
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1. Label: Locate each organelle in the plant cell. Label the organelles in the diagram below.
Chloroplast Plastid
Nuclear membrane
Mitochondrion
Nucleolus
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole Vesicle
2. Compare: What structures are present in an animal cell, but not in a plant cell?
Centrioles and lysosomes are present in animal cells but not in plant cells. [Note: vacuoles
have been found in plant cells that perform a similar function to animal-cell lysosomes, and
there is disagreement among cell biologists as to whether these structures should be
classified as lysosomes.]
What structures are present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?
The cell wall, chloroplasts, and plastids are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
3. Fill in: Name the organelle or organelles that perform each of the following functions.
B. The cell wall, the vacuole, and the cytoskeleton support the plant cell and help it to
maintain its shape.
D. Mitochondria convert food into energy. They are found in plant and animal cells.
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Question: How are bacterial cells different from plant and animal cells?
1. Label: Locate each organelle in the bacterial cell. Label the organelles in the diagram below.
Capsule Flagellum
Nucleoid Pilus
Plasmid Cytoplasm
2. Match: Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.
3. Compare: What structures are present in a bacterial cell, but not in a plant or animal cell?
What structures are present in plant and animal cells, but not in a bacterial cell?
What structures inside plant and animal cells look like bacteria?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA. Long ago, these structures may have
originated as bacteria that were engulfed (eaten) by larger cells.