UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education

Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
*5508657271*

CHEMISTRY 9701/34
Advanced Practical Skills 2 October/November 2012
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: As listed in the Confidential Instructions

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

bestexamhelp.com
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.

Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 13 and 14.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Session
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or
part question.
Laboratory

For Examiner’s Use

Total

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

IB12 11_9701_34/5RP
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For
1 You are to investigate how the rate of reaction between acidified hydrogen peroxide and Examiner’s
aqueous iodide ions depends on the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide. Use

When hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide are mixed in the presence of an acid, iodine,
I2, is produced and the colour of the solution changes from colourless to a blue-black colour
if starch indicator is present.

H2O2(aq) + 2I–(aq) + 2H+(aq) → 2H2O(l) + I2(aq)

If the reaction mixture contains sodium thiosulfate, the iodine produced in the reaction above
is immediately reduced back to iodide ions. The solution only turns blue-black when all of
the sodium thiosulfate has been used up.

2S2O32–(aq) + I2(aq) → S4O62–(aq) + 2I–(aq)

FB 1 is 0.23 mol dm–3 hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.

FB 2 is 0.10 mol dm–3 potassium iodide, KI.
FB 3 is 0.050 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.
FB 4 is 1.0 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
starch indicator
distilled water

Read through the instructions carefully before starting any practical work.

(a) Experiment 1

● Fill a burette with FB 3.

● Use the measuring cylinder labelled A to place 25 cm3 of FB 2 and 25 cm3 of distilled
water into a conical flask.
● Add to the conical flask 10.00 cm3 of FB 3 from the burette and 6 drops of starch
indicator.
● Use the measuring cylinder labelled B to place 50 cm3 of FB 1 and 20 cm3 of FB 4
into a 100 cm3 beaker.
● Pour the mixture from the beaker into the conical flask and immediately start timing.
● Swirl the flask to ensure good mixing and place the flask on a white tile.
● Stop timing when a blue-black colour suddenly appears in the solution.
● Record, in the table on page 4, the reaction time, in seconds, to the nearest second.
● Empty, rinse and drain the conical flask.

Experiment 2

● Use the measuring cylinder labelled A to place 25 cm3 of FB 2 and 35 cm3 of distilled
water into a conical flask.
● Add to the conical flask 10.00 cm3 of FB 3 from the burette and 6 drops of starch
indicator.
● Use the measuring cylinder labelled B to place 40 cm3 of FB 1 and 20 cm3 of FB 4
into a 100 cm3 beaker.
● Pour the mixture from the beaker into the conical flask and immediately start timing.
● Swirl the flask to ensure good mixing and place the flask on a white tile.
● Stop timing when a blue-black colour suddenly appears in the solution.
● Record, in the table on page 4, the reaction time, in seconds, to the nearest second.
● Empty, rinse and drain the conical flask.

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For
Experiments 3 – 5 Examiner’s
Use
Carry out experiments 3 – 5 in the same way but using the volumes of solutions shown
in the table.
Complete the units in the table.
(1000)
Calculate all values of to three significant figures.
(reaction time)

Experiment volume volume of volume volume volume reaction (1000)

of FB 2 distilled of FB 3 of FB 1 of FB 4 time (reaction time)
water

/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 ............. .................

1 25 25 10.00 50 20
I

2 25 35 10.00 40 20 II

III

3 25 45 10.00 30 20 IV

4 25 55 10.00 20 20 VI

VII

5 25 65 10.00 10 20 VIII

IX
[9]

(b) The rate of reaction can be represented by the following formula.

(1000)
‘rate’ =
(reaction time)
On the next page plot a graph of ‘rate’ against the volume of FB 1.

Start each of the axes at zero.

Draw the line of best fit.

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For
Examiner’s
Use

II

III

IV

V
[5]

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For
(c) The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in FB 1 is 0.23 mol dm–3. Examiner’s
Use
The total volume of each reaction mixture is 130 cm3.

(i) Calculate the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide for each of the following
experiments. Show your working.

volume of
Experiment concentration of hydrogen peroxide / mol dm–3
FB 1 / cm3

1 50

5 10

(ii) Use your results in (i) to show that the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide is
directly proportional to the volume of FB 1 used in the experiment.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) A website states that the rate of reaction between acidified hydrogen peroxide and
potassium iodide is directly proportional to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

Use your graph to decide whether the statement on the website is correct or not.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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For
(e) Experiment 1 was repeated using 0.025 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate instead of FB 3. Examiner’s
Suggest how this would affect the reaction time. Use
Explain your answer using the chemical equations on page 3.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(f) Suggest a factor, other than volumes of solutions used, that could have significantly
affected the rate of reaction in each of the experiments.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) A student carrying out a similar investigation decides to repeat one of the experiments a
number of times. The reaction times for these repeated experiments are listed below.

run time / s

1 56
2 54
3 62
4 56
5 53

(i) From these experimental results calculate an appropriate mean reaction time,
correct to 1 decimal place.

mean reaction time = ………… s

(ii) Assume that the uncertainty in the mean reaction time is ± 2 seconds.
Calculate this uncertainty as a percentage of the mean reaction time.

percentage uncertainty = ……………. %

[2]

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For
(h) The experimental method you have used can be adapted to investigate how the rate Examiner’s
of reaction would vary if the concentration of potassium iodide or the concentration of Use
sulfuric acid were changed.

In the first line of the tables below, the volumes of FB 2, distilled water, FB 3, FB 1 and
FB 4 used in Experiment 2 are recorded.

Complete the following table, suggesting volumes for each of the reagents that could be
used in a further experiment to investigate how the rate of reaction varies with a change
in the volume of potassium iodide, FB 2.

Do not carry out this experiment.

Experiment volume volume of volume volume volume

of FB 2 distilled of FB 3 of FB 1 of FB 4
water

/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3

2 25 35 10.00 40 20

Complete the following table, suggesting volumes for each of the reagents that could be
used in a further experiment to investigate how the rate of reaction varies with a change
in the volume of sulfuric acid, FB 4.

Do not carry out this experiment.

Experiment volume volume of volume volume volume

of FB 2 distilled of FB 3 of FB 1 of FB 4
water

/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3

2 25 35 10.00 40 20

[1]

[Total: 25]

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For
2 Qualitative Analysis Examiner’s
Use
At each stage of any test you are to record details of the following.

● colour changes seen

● the formation of any precipitate
● the solubility of such precipitates in an excess of the reagent added

Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the appropriate
place in your observations.

You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs.

Marks are not given for chemical equations.
No additional tests for ions present should be attempted.

If any solution is warmed, a boiling tube MUST be used.

Rinse and reuse test-tubes and boiling tubes where possible.

Where reagents are selected for use in a test, the name or correct formula of the
element or compound must be given.

Solutions FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 each contain one cation and one anion from those listed on
pages 13 and 14.

Half fill a 250 cm3 beaker with water. Heat the beaker and its contents to boiling then stop
heating. You will need this as a hot water bath in (f).

(a) Carry out the following tests on FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 using aqueous sodium hydroxide.

● To 1 cm depth of FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 in separate boiling tubes add 1 cm depth of

aqueous sodium hydroxide.
● Shake the tube to mix the solutions then add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
● If no precipitate has formed in a solution for either of the previous steps, carefully
warm the boiling tube and its contents.
Care: if solutions containing sodium hydroxide are heated too strongly they
may be ejected from the tube.

Record your results in an appropriate form in the space below.

II

III

IV
[4]

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(b) Carry out the following tests on FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 using aqueous ammonia. Examiner’s
Use
● To 1 cm depth of FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 in separate test-tubes add 1 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
● Shake the tube to mix the solutions then add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous
ammonia.
● Record your results in an appropriate form in the space below.

[2]

(c) From your observations in (a) and (b), identify the cation present in each of the following
solutions.

solution cation

FB 5
FB 6
FB 7
[1]

(d) Each of the solutions FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 contains either a sulfate or a sulfite anion.

(i) Which single reagent, when added to the solution, could confirm that either a sulfate
or a sulfite is present?

....................................................................................................................................

Which additional reagent, when added to the same test-tube, would identify which of
these two ions is present?

....................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Carry out the tests on FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 using the reagents you have selected Examiner’s
and record your observations in the table below. Use

observation
FB 5 FB 6 FB 7
reagent used:

followed by:

(iii) Identify the anion present in each solution. Explain your answer.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
[4]

(e) Carry out the following test.

test observation
To 1 cm depth of FB 5 in a
boiling tube, add 2 cm depth
of the aqueous hydrogen
peroxide, FB 9. Warm the
tube, then,

add 2 cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide.

[2]

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For
(f) Divide the sample of solid FB 8 in two. Use one portion in each of the following tests. Examiner’s
Use
Test 1

● Place the portion of FB 8 in a boiling tube.

● Add 2 cm depth of dilute sulfuric acid.
● Warm with a Bunsen burner.
● Test any vapour evolved with litmus paper.

Observation ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Test 2

● Reheat the water bath to boiling, then turn off the Bunsen burner.
● Place the remaining FB 8 in a dry test-tube.
● Add 2 cm depth of ethanol.
● Use a dropping pipette to add 2 – 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Care – concentrated sulfuric acid is very corrosive.
● Warm the tube in the hot-water bath.
● After 3 – 4 minutes of warming tip the contents of the test-tube into a 100 cm3 beaker,
¾ full of cold water.
● Cautiously smell the contents of the beaker.

Observation ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Use your observations above to suggest the type of compound present in FB 8.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 15]

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Qualitative Analysis Notes

Key: [ppt. = precipitate]

1 Reactions of aqueous cations

reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.

Al 3+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess

ammonium, no ppt.
–
NH4+(aq) ammonia produced on heating

barium,
no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.
Ba2+(aq)

calcium,
white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)] no ppt.
Ca2+(aq)

chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt.

Cr3+(aq) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess

copper(II), pale blue ppt. blue ppt. soluble in excess

Cu2+(aq) insoluble in excess giving dark blue solution

green ppt. turning brown on contact green ppt. turning brown on contact
iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

iron(III), red-brown ppt. red-brown ppt.

Fe3+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

lead(II), white ppt. white ppt.

Pb2+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess

magnesium, white ppt. white ppt.

Mg2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
manganese(II),
on contact with air on contact with air
Mn2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

zinc, white ppt. white ppt.

Zn2+(aq) soluble in excess soluble in excess

[Lead(II) ions can be distinguished from aluminium ions by the insolubility of lead(II) chloride.]

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2 Reactions of anions

ion reaction

carbonate, CO2 liberated by dilute acids

2–
CO3

yellow solution turns orange with H+(aq);

chromate(VI),
gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);
CrO42–(aq)
gives bright yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq));

Cl –(aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq));

–
Br (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq));

I (aq)
–
gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil

NO3–(aq)

NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil;

nitrite,
NO liberated by dilute acids
NO2–(aq)
(colourless NO → (pale) brown NO2 in air)

sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute
SO42–(aq) strong acids)

sulfite, SO2 liberated with dilute acids;

2–
SO3 (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)

3 Tests for gases

gas test and test result

ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2 gives a white ppt. with limewater
(ppt. dissolves with excess CO2)
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 “pops” with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint
sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) from orange to green

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