Book 2

Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 2
January 22, 2024 by Sastry CBSE
ADVERTISEMENT
cb1c3139a6c1e5f9beceba5b85476419
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts Pdf free download is
part of Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given NCERT Class
10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts. According to new CBSE Exam
Pattern, MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science pdf Carries 20 Marks.
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts
Indicators: Indicators are substances which indicate the acidic or basic nature of
the solution by the colour change.
Types of Indicator: There are many types of indicators. Some common types of
indicators are:
1. Natural Indicators: Indicators obtained from natural sources are called Natural
Indicators. Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, China rose, etc., are some common
natural indicators used widely to show the acidic or basic character of substances.
Litmus: Litmus is obtained from lichens. The solution of litmus is purple in
colour. Litmus paper comes in two colours- blue and red.
An acid turns blue litmus paper red.
A base turns red litmus paper blue.
Turmeric: Turmeric is another natural indicator. Turmeric is yellow in colour.

Turmeric solution or paper turns reddish brown with base. Turmeric does not change
colour with acid.
Red Cabbage: The juice of red cabbage is originally purple in colour. Juice of red
cabbage turns reddish with acid and turns greenish with base.
2. Olfactory Indicator: Substances which change their smell when mixed with acid or
base are known as Olfactory Indicators. For example; Onion, vanilla etc.
Onion: Paste or juice of onion loses its smell when added with base. It does not
change its smell with acid.
Vanilla: The smell of vanilla vanishes with base, but its smell does not vanish
with an acid.
Olfactory Indicators are used to ensure the participation of visually impaired
students in the laboratory.
3. Synthetic Indicator: Indicators that are synthesized in the laboratory are known
as Synthetic Indicators. For example; Phenolphthalein, methyl orange, etc.
Phenolphthalein is a colourless liquid. It remains colourless with acid but turns
into pink with a base.
Methyl orange is originally orange in colour. It turns into the red with acid and
turns into yellow with base.
Indicator Original Colour Acid Base

Red litmus Red No Change Blue
Blue litmus Blue Red No change
Turmeric Yellow No Change Reddish brown
Red cabbage juice Purple Reddish Greenish yellow
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless Pink
Methyl Orange Orange Red Yellow
Onion n/a No change Smell vanishes
Vanilla n/a No change Smell vanishes
Acids: Acids are sour in taste, turn blue litmus red, and dissolve in water to
release H+ ions.
Example: Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Acetic Acid (CH3COOH), Nitric Acid (HNO3) etc.
Properties of Acids:
Acids have a sour taste.

Turns blue litmus red.
Acid solution conducts electricity.
Release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Types of Acids: Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence
i.e., Natural acids and Mineral acids.
(i) Natural Acids: Acids which are obtained from natural sources are called Natural
Acids or Organic Acids.
Examples:
Methanoic acid (HCOOH)
Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) etc.
Organic Acids and their Sources

Acids Sources
Acetic acid Vinegar
Ascorbic acid Guava, amla
Citric acid Lemon, orange and other citrus fruits
Lactic acid Sour milk, curd
Methanoic acid Ant sting, nettle sting
Oxalic acid Tomato
Tartaric acid Tamarind
(ii) Mineral Acids: Acids that are prepared from minerals are known as Mineral
Acids Example; Inorganic acids, man-made acids or synthetic acid are also known as
Mineral Acids.
Example:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etc.
Chemical Properties of Acid:

(i) Reaction of acids with metal: Acids give hydrogen gas along with respective
salt when they react with a metal.
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
Examples:
Hydrogen gas and zinc chloride are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc
metal.
Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 2 img-1
Hydrogen gas and sodium sulphate are formed when sulphuric acid reacts with sodium
metal.
Test For Hydrogen Gas: The gas evolved after reaction of acid with metal can be
tested by bringing a lighted candle near it. If the gas bums with a pop sound, then
it confirms the evolution of hydrogen gas. Burning with pop sound is the
characteristic test for hydrogen gas.
(ii) Reaction of acids with metal carbonate: Acids give carbon dioxide gas and
respective salts along with water when they react with metal carbonates.
Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
Examples:
Hydrochloric acid gives carbon dioxide gas, sodium chloride along with water when
reacts with sodium carbonate.
Sulphuric acid gives calcium sulphate, carbon dioxide gas, calcium sulphate and
water when it reacts with calcium carbonate
Nitric acid gives sodium nitrate, water and carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with
sodium carbonate.
(iii) Reaction of acid with hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates): Acids give carbon
dioxide gas, respective salt and water when they react with metal hydrogen
carbonate.
Acid + Metal hydrogen carbonate → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
Example:
Sulphuric acid gives sodium sulphate, Carbon dioxide gas and water when it reacts
with sodium bicarbonate.
Test For Evolution of Carbon Dioxide Gas: Carbon dioxide turns lime water milky
when passed through it. This is the characteristic test for carbon dioxide gas.
The gas evolved because of reaction of the acid with metal carbonate or metal
hydrogen carbonate turns lime water milky. This shows that the gas is carbon
dioxide gas. This happens because of the formation of a white precipitate of
calcium carbonate.
But when excess of carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it makes milky
colour of lime water disappear. This happens because of formation of calcium
hydrogen carbonate. As calcium hydrogen carbonate is soluble in water, thus, the
milky colour of solution mixture disappears.
Common in Acids: Acids give hydrogen gas when they react with metal. This shows
that all acids contains hydrogen. For example; Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulphuric
acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), etc.
When an acid is dissolved in water, it dissociates hydrogen. The dissociation of
hydrogen ion in aqueous solution is the common property in all acids. Because of
the dissociation of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution, an acid shows acidic
behaviour.
Examples:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) gives hydrogen ion (H+) and chloride ion (Cl–) when it is
dissolved in water.
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) gives acetate ion (CH3COO–) and hydrogen ion (H+).
Acids
Strong Acids
An acid which is completely ionised in water and produces (H+) is called Strong
Acid.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3)
Weak Acids
An acid which is partially ionised in water and thus produces a small amount of
hydrogen ions (H+) is called a Weak Acid.
Example: Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Book 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Book 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Book 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 2

January 22, 2024 by Sastry CBSE

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts

Turmeric: Turmeric is another natural indicator. Turmeric is yellow in colour.

Indicator Original Colour Acid Base

Acids have a sour taste.

Organic Acids and their Sources

Chemical Properties of Acid:

You might also like