Health Psychology
Health Psychology
Health Psychology
PSY 289
March 3
Outline
• Syllabus review & introductions
• General course expectations
• Unit 1: Introduction to Health Psychology
– Defining the field
– Social ecological model
– Macro-social influences on health, Health disparities
– Mind-body connections, Biopsychosocial model
– Methodology and research methods in health
psychology
Contact information
• Instructor
– Steri Elavsky
– 2.46 FSS
– [email protected]
– 606168831
– Consultation hours by appointment
What is Health Psychology?
• Let´s start with some thought questions
– How would you define Health Psychology?
– What do we mean by health?
– What determines health?
– What role does psychology play in health?
– What do health psychologists do?
What is Health Psychology?
• Health psychology is an interdisciplinary field
concerned with the application of
psychological knowledge and techniques to
health, illness, and health care (Marks et al., 2011)
• It is wholistic, concerning itself with both
physical and mental health
History of Health Psychology
Maslow (1943)
Different models of health
Class, employment,
Behavior, beliefs, ethnicity, environment,
coping, stress, pain trauma
https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/state-local-programs/health-equity/framing-the-issue.html
Dahlgren & Whitehead’s “Health Onion” (1991)
Tha Macro-Social Environment and
Health
• Health, illness, and motality vary based on
geographical location, time, SES, ethnicity/race,
and gender.
– SES is more important as determinant of health than
ethnicity – however, one must consider the interplay
of income, education, and occupation
• Dramatic increases in world population with
negative impacts on poor nations
• The greatest influence on health for the majority
of people is poverty
Poverty
• Poverty is a factor in disease rates & decreased
life expectancy
• For example, in the US, disproportionate
numbers of African-Americans, Latinos & Native
Americans are poor
• Access to medical care is a factor that makes
poverty a health risk
• Poverty is associated with poorer health habits
• Poverty puts poorer classes at increased risk for
disease
Health inequalities by geographical location
• Geographical location
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/WMR2013/World_Mortality_2013_Report.pdf
Health inequalities by geographical location
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/WMR2013/World_Mortality_2013_Report.pdf
Health inequalities by geographical location
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/WMR2013/World_Mortality_2013_Report.pdf
Health inequalities by geographical location
Health inequalities by geographical location
MEN WOMEN
http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx?cancer=lung
Health inequalities by geographical location
Content source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation
Health inequalities by SES
WHO (2010)
Health inequalities by SES
http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/obesity_text/en/
Health inequalities by SES
http://www.citymetric.com/horizons/life-expectancy-england-isnt-falling-were-reaching-upper-limit-638
Health inequalities by gender
• Data analysis
– Simple correlations (2 variables),
– Path analysis/structural equation modeling
(multiple variables)
• Problems…
– Expensive
– Time consuming
– Attrition rates
Epidemiology
• Scientific discipline that considers the various factors
determining the frequency, distribution, and cause of a disease
or disorder
• Risk Factor = any characteristic or condition which occurs with
greater frequency in people with a disease than people
without.
• Morbidity = disease
– Incidence = number of new cases in a specified time interval
– Prevalence = total # of cases in a specified time interval
• Mortality = death
– # of deaths to a known cause
– (premature death = death before age 75)
Class Activity
We are interested in whether higher levels of
physical activity are associated with better
cognitive functioning.
1. Design an ex-post facto (quasi-experimental)
study to test this. What can you conclude?
2. Design a “true” experiment. What can you
conclude?
Assignment 2
• Start in groups today
• Please take notes
• Write assignment individually based on
provided instructions