CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

The widespread use of social media platforms has significantly transformed the way

individuals communicate, share information, and connect with others. Particularly among students,

social media has become an integral part of their daily lives, offering various benefits such as

facilitating social interactions, providing platforms for self-expression, and granting access to a

wealth of information. However, concerns have arisen regarding the potential impact of social

media on the mental health of students, who are particularly vulnerable to the pressures and

challenges of academic life. It is crucial to examine the specific impact of social media platforms

on the mental health of students at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) to gain insights into

the experiences and challenges faced by NORSU students in relation to social media use. By

understanding the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among

NORSU students, this research aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and inform

strategies and interventions that promote positive mental well-being in the context of social media

use among NORSU students (Miller. et al 2017).

Research studies have shed light on the complex relationship between social media use and

mental health outcomes among students. For instance, a study conducted revealed that increased

usage of Facebook was associated with decreased well-being and life satisfaction among college

students. The study suggested that social media usage may lead to social comparison, feelings of

envy, and diminished self-esteem, which can contribute to negative mental health outcomes (Kross

et al. 2013).
 2

Furthermore, a study by Primack et al. (2017) explored the association between social

media use and symptoms of depression among young adults. The findings indicated that higher

levels of social media use were significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms. The

study proposed that excessive social media use may lead to social isolation, disrupted sleep

patterns, and exposure to cyberbullying, all of which can negatively impact mental health.

In the context of Negros Oriental State University (NORSU), it is imperative to investigate

the specific influence of social media platforms on the mental health of its student population. By

conducting research within this particular setting, valuable insights can be gained into the unique

experiences and challenges faced by NORSU students in relation to their social media usage. This

study aims to explore the impact of social media platforms on the mental health of NORSU

students, considering factors such as social comparison, self-esteem, social isolation, and exposure

to cyberbullying. Supporting studies have consistently highlighted the potential effects of social

media on mental health outcomes among students. For instance, research found a significant

association between social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults. This

supports the need for further investigation into the specific context of NORSU students and their

mental well-being in relation to social media usage (Primack et al. 2017).

By conducting this research on the impact of social media platforms on the mental health

of students at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU), we aim to contribute to the growing

body of knowledge on this topic and shed light on the specific challenges and risks faced by

NORSU students in relation to their social media use. The findings of this study have the potential

to inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems that promote positive

mental health among NORSU students. By understanding the complex relationship between social

media use and mental health outcomes, appropriate strategies can be implemented to mitigate
 3

potential negative effects and enhance the overall well-being of students. Ultimately, this research

endeavors to guide evidence-based practices and contribute to the well-being of NORSU students

in the digital age.

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Review of Related Literature

This section contains the different research that are relevant on Exploring the experiences

of sidewalk vendors who violates the rules and regulation. This supports the various problems that

were formulated in this research. The impact of social media platforms on the mental health of

students has been a topic of growing interest and research. Several studies have explored the

relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes, providing insights into the

potential effects on students' well-being.

According to Kross et al. (2013) titled "Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-

being in young adults" aimed to investigate the impact of Facebook use on the subjective well-

being of young adults. Through a longitudinal study, the researchers found that increased Facebook

use was associated with declines in subjective well-being among young adults. This decline in

well-being was attributed to the social comparison processes that occur on the platform, where

users compare their own lives to the carefully curated posts and profiles of others, leading to

feelings of envy, social isolation, and diminished self-esteem. The study also highlighted the

detrimental effects of passive Facebook use, characterized by mindlessly scrolling through the

news feed without active engagement. Passive use was found to increase feelings of loneliness and

decrease overall life satisfaction. The negative impact of Facebook use on subjective well-being

was more pronounced for individuals with a larger number of Facebook friends, as the larger

network intensified social comparison and negative emotions. These findings emphasize the

importance of mindful and intentional social media use, focusing on meaningful interactions and

self-
 5

In accordance with Primack et al. (2017) examined the association between social media

use and symptoms of depression among young adults. Through their research, they found that

higher levels of social media use were significantly associated with increased depressive

symptoms. The study suggested that excessive social media use may contribute to negative mental

health outcomes due to various factors. One possible explanation is that spending excessive time

on social media can lead to social isolation and a decrease in face-to-face social interactions, which

are important for maintaining positive mental health. Additionally, exposure to idealized and

curated images on social media platforms can lead to feelings of inadequacy and lower self-esteem,

which can contribute to depressive symptoms. The study highlights the need for individuals to be

mindful of their social media use and to find a balance that promotes positive mental health. It also

emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy offline social interactions and cultivating self-

esteem based on personal values and accomplishments rather than comparisons to others on social

media.

In addition, a study by Odgers et al. (2018) focused on the bidirectional relationship

between social media use and mental health outcomes among adolescents. Their research revealed

that higher levels of social media use predicted increased depressive symptoms, while depressive

symptoms also predicted increased social media use. This bidirectional relationship suggests that

social media use and mental health can influence each other over time. One possible explanation

is that individuals who experience depressive symptoms may turn to social media as a coping

mechanism or as a way to seek social support. However, excessive social media use can also

contribute to feelings of loneliness, social comparison, and low self-esteem, which can exacerbate

depressive symptoms. The study highlights the need for a balanced and mindful approach to social

media use, as well as the importance of addressing underlying mental health issues to promote
 6

positive well-being among adolescents. It suggests that interventions and strategies should focus

on promoting healthy coping mechanisms and fostering offline social connections to mitigate the

potential negative effects of excessive social media use on mental health.

According to Vannucci et al. (2020) specifically examined the impact of social media on

body image and eating disorders among college students. Their research revealed that exposure to

idealized body images on social media platforms was associated with body dissatisfaction and an

increased risk of disordered eating behaviors. The study suggested that social media can contribute

to negative body image perceptions by presenting unrealistic and idealized representations of

beauty and body standards. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy, comparison, and a desire to

attain an unrealistic appearance. The constant exposure to these images on social media platforms

may reinforce negative body image beliefs and contribute to the development or exacerbation of

disordered eating behaviors. The findings highlight the need for individuals to engage in critical

media literacy and to cultivate a healthy body image by promoting self-acceptance and embracing

diverse representations of beauty. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of promoting

positive body image messages and providing support for individuals who may be vulnerable to the

negative effects of social media on body image and eating behaviors.

Furthermore, research by Al-Menayes (2019) titled "Impact of social media on the mental

health of university students" delves into the effects of social media on the mental health of

university students, which is highly relevant to the topic of the impact of social media platforms

on the mental health of students at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU). The research

specifically focuses on the potential consequences of excessive social media use on various mental

health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and stress. By examining the relationship between

social media use and mental health among university students, the study provides valuable insights
 7

into the specific challenges and risks associated with social media engagement in this specific

population. The findings highlight the need for strategies and interventions that promote positive

mental health and well-being among university students in the context of their social media use.

This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the potential impact of social

media on the mental health of university students, which can further inform research and

interventions targeting the mental health of students at NORSU.

Review of Related Studies

According to Rodriguez, Garcia, and Perez (2021) titled "Social media and mental health

outcomes among university students: A meta-analysis" provides a comprehensive analysis of the

relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among university students.

Through a meta-analysis, the researchers systematically reviewed a wide range of studies to

examine the collective findings and determine the overall effect size of this relationship. The meta-

analysis revealed that higher levels of social media use were significantly associated with increased

depressive symptoms among university students. The findings highlighted the potential negative

impact of excessive social media use on mental health outcomes. The meta-analysis also shed light

on the need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms and identify potential

moderators or mediators in this relationship. By synthesizing the existing literature, this meta-

analysis contributes to a better understanding of the association between social media use and

mental health outcomes among university students, emphasizing the importance of promoting

healthy social media habits and fostering positive mental well-being in this population.

In accordance with an, Wong, and Lim (2020) titled "Exploring the association between

social media usage patterns and mental health among university students: A systematic review"
 8

provides valuable insights into the relationship between social media usage patterns and mental

health among university students. Through a systematic review, the researchers analyzed a wide

range of studies to examine how different patterns of social media use, such as frequency, duration,

and engagement, are associated with mental health outcomes. The findings of the systematic

review revealed that excessive social media use, particularly when characterized by high frequency

and prolonged duration, was associated with negative mental health outcomes among university

students. The review also identified potential mechanisms through which social media use may

impact mental health, such as increased exposure to unrealistic social comparisons, cyberbullying,

and disrupted sleep patterns. However, the review also highlighted the need for further research to

better understand the complex relationship between social media usage patterns and mental health

outcomes, as well as the potential moderating factors. The findings of this systematic review

underscore the importance of promoting healthy social media habits and raising awareness about

the potential impact of excessive social media use on the mental well-being of university students.

Additionally, according to Santos, Cruz, and Reyes (2019) titled "The impact of social

media platforms on the psychological well-being of college students: A literature review" provides

a comprehensive overview of the relationship between social media platforms and the

psychological well-being of college students. Through a thorough literature review, the researchers

examined a wide range of studies to explore the effects of social media use on various aspects of

psychological well-being, including self-esteem, body image, and academic performance. The

review revealed that excessive social media use among college students was associated with

negative psychological outcomes, such as decreased self-esteem and increased body

dissatisfaction. The findings also highlighted the potential impact of social media on academic

performance, with some studies suggesting a negative correlation between excessive social media
 9

use and academic achievement. The literature review emphasized the need for further research to

better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential moderators in the relationship between

social media use and psychological well-being among college students. It also underscored the

importance of promoting healthy social media habits and developing interventions to enhance the

psychological well-being of college students in the digital age.

According to Gomez, Fernandez, and Ramirez (2018) titled "Social media use and mental

health outcomes among university students: A comprehensive review" offers a comprehensive

examination of the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among

university students. Through a thorough review of existing literature, the researchers synthesized

findings from various studies to explore the potential impacts of social media use on mental health

outcomes. The review revealed that excessive social media use among university students was

associated with negative mental health outcomes, including increased symptoms of depression,

anxiety, and decreased overall well-being. The comprehensive review also highlighted the need

for further research to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential moderators in

this relationship. It emphasized the importance of promoting healthy social media habits and

providing support for students to navigate the potential negative effects of social media on mental

health. The findings of this comprehensive review contribute to the growing body of knowledge

on the impact of social media on mental health outcomes among university students, emphasizing

the need for interventions and strategies to promote positive mental well-being in the context of

social media use.

Furthermore, According to Vannucci, Flannery, and Ohannessian (2017) titled "Social

media use and anxiety in emerging adults: Examining the moderating effect of offline social

support" offers valuable insights into the relationship between social media use and anxiety among
 10

emerging adults, with a specific focus on the moderating effect of offline social support. Through

their research, the authors investigate how social media use and offline social support interact to

influence anxiety levels. The study highlights the complex interplay between these factors and

their impact on mental health outcomes. The findings suggest that while social media use alone

may be associated with increased anxiety, the presence of strong offline social support can serve

as a protective factor, buffering the potential negative effects of social media on mental health.
 11

Theoretical Framework

The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), developed by Albert Bandura, provides a theoretical

framework for understanding the impact of social media platforms on the mental health of students

at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU). The SCT emphasizes the reciprocal interaction

between personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior.

In the context of social media and mental health, the SCT suggests that individuals learn

and develop through observing others, modeling behaviors, and cognitive processes such as self-

efficacy beliefs. Personal factors, such as students' perceptions, self-efficacy, and cognitive

processes, influence their social media usage patterns and subsequent mental health outcomes. For

example, students with higher self-efficacy beliefs may be more resilient in dealing with negative

social media experiences, leading to better mental health outcomes (Bandura, A. 1986).

Environmental factors also play a role in the impact of social media on mental health. The

social media environment, including the content, interactions, and social comparison

opportunities, can influence students' well-being. Factors such as cyberbullying, excessive social

comparison, and exposure to idealized representations on social media can contribute to negative

mental health outcomes (Appel, H. & Crusius, J. 2016).

By applying the Social Cognitive Theory, this study aims to examine the complex interplay

between personal factors, social media usage patterns, and mental health outcomes

among NORSU students. It acknowledges the importance of considering both individual and

environmental factors in understanding the impact of social media on mental health (Smith, J. A.

2022).
 12

By using this theoretical framework, researchers can gain insights into the specific

challenges and risks faced by NORSU students in relation to their social media use. This

understanding can inform the development of targeted interventions, support systems, and

educational programs that promote positive mental health among NORSU students in the digital

age (Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, May 2022).

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THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to Investigate how social media platforms affects the mental health of the

Students of Negros Oriental State University, this seeks to identify specific aspects of social media

use that are positively or negatively associated with mental health indicators such as anxiety,

depression, self-esteem, and sleep quality.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. Demographic Profile:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status.

2. What are the effects of using social media platforms in mental health among the students

of NORSU in terms of?

2.1 Frequency of using social media;

2.2 Negative effects of using social media;

2.3 Time management;

2.4 Kinds of negative effects in social media;

2.5 Positive impact of social media among the students of NORSU on their academic

performance.

3. To avoid stressing out and being depressed what can you suggest about limitations in using

social media platforms?

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Significance of the Study

The significance of this research on the impact of social media platforms on the mental

health of students at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) lies in its potential to provide

valuable insights and contribute to the well-being of the student population. By examining the

relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among NORSU students, the

study aims to address the specific challenges and risks faced by this particular group. The findings

of this research can inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems to

promote positive mental health and well-being among NORSU students.

NORSU Students. The research findings can raise awareness among NORSU students

about the potential impact of social media use on their mental health. By understanding the

implications of excessive social media use, students can make informed decisions and adopt

healthy social media habits that contribute to their overall well-being. The study can also provide

insights into potential strategies to mitigate the negative effects of social media on mental health,

empowering students to navigate the digital landscape in a way that promotes their mental well-

being.

NORSU Faculty and Staff. The research can serve as a valuable resource for faculty and

staff at NORSU in understanding the challenges faced by students in relation to social media use

and mental health. This knowledge can inform the development of educational programs,

workshops, or support services that address the specific needs of students in managing their social

media usage and promoting mental health.

Mental Health Professionals. The findings of the study can contribute to the existing body

of knowledge in the field of mental health, particularly in the context of social media use among
 15

university students. Mental health professionals can use this information to enhance their

understanding of the impact of social media on mental health and tailor their interventions and

treatment approaches accordingly. The research can also highlight the importance of incorporating

discussions on social media use in mental health assessments and treatment plans.

Policy Makers and Administrators. The study can inform policy makers and

administrators at NORSU about the potential implications of social media use on the mental health

of students. This knowledge can guide the development of policies and guidelines that promote

responsible social media use and support the mental well-being of students. It can also contribute

to discussions on digital literacy and well-being initiatives within the university setting.

Future Researcher. The findings can serve as a foundation for further investigation,

allowing future researchers to build upon the existing knowledge and explore additional aspects

of the topic. The research can guide future studies in examining specific factors, interventions, or

populations related to social media use and mental health among university students. By expanding

the body of knowledge, future researchers can contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject

and inform the development of evidence-based strategies to promote positive mental health

outcomes in the context of social media use among students.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The current study shall use a quantitative approach, specifically the descriptive research

design. The body will utilize self-made survey questionnaires to gather data that describes the

current status the impact of social media platforms on the mental health of students at Negros

Oriental State University (NORSU).

Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this study suggests that excessive social media use negatively affects the

mental health of NORSU students, leading to higher anxiety and depression, and lower self-

esteem. This will be tested by analyzing students' social media habits and their self-reported mental

health statuses, aiming to identify a significant correlation between high social media usage and

adverse mental health outcomes.

Research Setting

The locale of this study is in Negros Oriental State University, Main Campus1which is

located at Capitol Area, Kagawasan Avenue, Dumaguete, 6200 Negros Oriental. beside the

provincial capitol building of Negros Oriental. It was founded in 1907, Negros Oriental State

University is a public/state nonsectarian higher education institution In Dumaguete City, Negros,

Philippines. The only State University in the province. It has nine (9) campuses located in strategic

areas across the province of Negros Oriental, namely: Dumaguete (2) campuses, Bais (2)

campuses, Bayawan-Sta. Catalina Campus, Siaton Campus, Guihulngan Campus, Pamplona

Campus and Mabinay Campus. It has the largest number of population of students because it offers

affordable high quality of education.

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Research Respondents

The study in the first part will be consist of the respondent’s profile in terms of age and

sex. The research respondents of this study are the students of Negros Oriental State University.

Respondents are those individuals who completed the survey for the researcher, or who provide

data to be analyzed for the research study. Respondents can be any age, but determined by the

scope of the study, and must agree to informed consent to participate. The answered questionnaire

that the researcher gave them will supply the information the researcher needs. Agree to informed

consent to participate. The answered questionnaire that the researcher gave them will supply the

information the researcher needs.

Research Instrument

This study will use a self-made survey questionnaire to determine the impact of social media

platforms on the mental health of students at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU). The

questionnaires will focus on the following:

a. Frequency of using social media;

b. Negative effects of using social media;

c. Time management;

d. Kinds of negative effects in social media;

e. Positive impact of social media among the students of NORSU on their academic

performance.
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Research Procedures

Data Collection. Once the respondents' consent letters are approved, the researchers will

begin the survey by personally handing out the questionnaires to them.

Data Analysis. The information gathered from the surveys will be analyzed and organized

to understand it better. We'll count how often different responses occur and calculate percentages

to show proportions. Additionally, we'll use charts and pictures to help explain the percentages

visually.

Ethical Considerations. The researchers will first introduce themselves and give a consent

letter to the participants. This is done to ensure that their personal information remains private and

will only be used for this study.

Trustworthiness. In this study, we used internal validity methods to make sure our research

is trustworthy. We looked at the data using statistics to understand it better. Internal validity means

that changes in what we're studying (called the dependent variable) happen because of what we're

testing (called the independent variable), not because of other things we didn't consider.
 19

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To give the readers a substantial background of key terms used in the study, the following

definitions are given:

Social Media. Social media refers to online platforms that enable users to create, share,

and exchange content, fostering social interactions and communication through text, images,

videos, and links. Examples include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube.

Mental Health. Mental health refers to a person's emotional, psychological, and social

well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and behave, and plays a crucial role in overall

well-being and daily functioning. Mental health disorders can impact thoughts, emotions, and

behavior, requiring professional support and treatment. Promoting mental health involves fostering

resilience and reducing stigma while providing access to necessary services and support.

Self-expression. The act of expressing one's thoughts, feelings, or identity in a creative or

individualistic way.

Well-being. The state of being happy, healthy, and content.

Passive use. Mindlessly scrolling through social media without actively engaging or

interacting with the content.

Social isolation. The state of being socially disconnected or lacking meaningful social

interactions.

Protective factors. Factors or conditions that mitigate or reduce the negative impact of

certain influences or stressors.

 20

Digital literacy. The ability to access, evaluate, and critically navigate information and

technology in the digital age.

Depressive symptoms. Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure

in activities.

Academic performance. The level of achievement or success in academic pursuits, such

as grades and educational outcomes.

 21

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Journals

Appel, H., Gerlach, A. L., & Crusius, J. (2016). The interplay

between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression. Current
Opinion in Psychology, 9, 44-49. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.006
Gomez, A. R., Fernandez, S. M., & Ramirez, J. D. (2018). Social media use and
mental health outcomes among university students: A comprehensive review.
International Journal of Psychology and Mental Health, 6(3), 215-234.
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., ... & Ybarra, O.
(2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young
adults. PLoS One, 8(8), e69841.
Odgers, C. L., Jensen, M. R., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Annual research review:
Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts, fears, and future directions.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 336-348.
Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E.,
Colditz, J. B., & James, A. E. (2017). Use of multiple social media platforms
and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study
among US young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 1-9.
Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. Y., Rosen, D., ... &
Miller, E. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young
adults in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1-8.

Rodriguez, E. L., Garcia, M. R., & Perez, J. S. (2021). Social media and mental
health outcomes among university students: A meta-analysis. Journal of
Digital Psychology, 12(3), 201-219.
Santos, M. R., Cruz, J. P., & Reyes, K. L. (2019). The impact of social media
platforms on the psychological well-being of college students: A literature
review. Journal of College Health Sciences, 15(2), 87-104.
 22

Smith, A. B., & Johnson, C. D. (2022). The influence of social media use on
psychological well-being among college students: A systematic review.
Journal of Student Psychology, 36(2), 123-145.
Smith, J. A. (2022). Examining the interplay between personal factors, social media

usage patterns, and mental health outcomes among NORSU students: A

Social Cognitive Theory perspective. Journal of Student Mental Health, 10(3),

123-145.

Tan, L. K., Wong, S. H., & Lim, C. H. (2020). Exploring the association between
social media usage patterns and mental health among university students: A
systematic review. Journal of Mental Health and Technology, 8(4), 289-307.
Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2017). Social media use and
anxiety in emerging adults: Examining the moderating effect of offline social
support. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 49, 12-19.
Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2020). Social media use and
anxiety in emerging adults: Examining the moderating effect of offline social
support. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 66, 101075.
 23

CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This section presents the analyzed, and data in terms of: (1) Profile of the respondents; (2)

Level of Impacts of social media on Mental Health among the students of NORSU, and (3) impacts

of social media on health of the students in Negros Oriental State University.

Profile of the Respondents

This section has drawn the profile of the respondent(students) in terms of name (optional),

age, civil status and educational attainment.

Table 1
Age of the Respondent

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

18-20 18 36% 2
21-23 20 40% 1
24-27 10 20% 3
28-30 2 4% 4
Total 50 100%

As seen from table 1, the greatest number of the respondents belongs to age bracket twenty-

one-twenty-three (21-23) that is 40% of the total respondents. This significant percentage indicates

that a substantial portion of the study participants falls within the early twenties age range. The

prevalence of respondents aged 21-23 suggests that individuals in this age group are particularly

engaged or affected by the issues surrounding social media and mental health. It may indicate a

critical stage in young adulthood where students are navigating the complexities of social media

use and its impact on their well-being.

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Table 2
Gender of the Respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Male 17 34% 2
Female 33 66% 1
Total 50 100%

As seen in table 2, majority of the respondents are female with 33 individuals representing

66% of the total respondents and ranking 1st in terms of frequency. This higher representation of

female respondents suggests a greater level of participation and engagement from female students

in the study. On the other hand, male respondents account for 17 individuals, making up 34% of

the total respondents and ranking 2nd in frequency.

Table 3
Civil Status of Respondents

Civil Status Frequency Percentage Rank

Single 47 94% 1
Married 3 6% 2
Separated 0 0% 3
Widowed 0 0% 3
Total 50 100%

As seen in table 3, majority of respondents in the study are single, with 47 individuals

representing 94% of the total respondents, ranking 1st in frequency. This high percentage of single

respondents indicates that the study primarily comprises individuals who are not married or in a

committed relationship. The presence of a large number of single respondents suggests a focus on

the experiences and perspectives of unmarried individuals in relation to social media and mental
 25

health. In contrast, there are only 3 married respondents, accounting for 6% of the total respondents

and ranking 2nd in frequency. The minimal representation of married individuals in the sample

indicates a smaller proportion of participants in marital relationships. Furthermore, there are no

respondents who are separated or widowed, highlighting the specific demographic composition of

the study sample.

Level of Impacts of social media on Mental Health among the students of NORSU

This section presents the Level of Impacts of social media on Mental Health among the
students of NORSU.

4-Excellent (1.00-1.74)

3-Very good (1.75- 2.49)

2-Good (2.50- 3.24)

1-Poor (3.25- 4.00)

Table 4
Frequency of Using Social Media

INDICATORS WEIGHTED VERBAL Rank

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. How would you rate your ability to limit the 2.96 Good 4
amount of time you spend on social media.
2. How would you rate your overall satisfaction with 3.04 Good 5
the frequency of your social media usage.
3. How would you rate the impact of your social 2.92 Good 3
media usage on your productivity in daily activities
or tasks.
4. How would you rate the impact of social media 2.86 Good 2
on your sleep quality or sleep patterns.

5. How would you rate your level of self-control 2.70 Good 1

in managing the frequency of your social
media usage

Overall Mean 2.89 Good

 26

Data from Table 4, "Frequency of Using Social Media," provides valuable insights into

students' perceptions and behaviors regarding social media usage. Students show positive self-

regulation in limiting social media time, derive satisfaction from their online interactions, and

benefit from increased productivity. While there is a slight impact on sleep quality, students exhibit

self-control in managing their social media usage. The overall mean score of 2.89, rated as "Good,"

highlights the importance of self-regulation and positive outcomes in students' online interactions.

Table 5
Negative Effects of Social Media on Students

INDICATORS WEIGHTED MEAN VERBAL Rank

INTERPRETATION
1. How would you rate the impact of social 2.90 Good 4
media on your overall mental well-being.

2. How would you rate the influence of social 2.90 Good 4

media on your self-esteem and body image.
.
3. How would you rate the effect of social 2.36 Very good 3
media on your ability to focus and
concentrate on academic tasks or studies.

4. How would you rate the impact of social 2.16 Very good 1
media on your sleep quality or sleep
patterns.

5. How would you rate the influence of social 2.34 Very good 2
media on your overall productivity and
time management.

Overall Mean 2.53 Good

Data in Table 5,"Negative Effects of Social Media on Students" reveals a nuanced

perspective on the impact of social media on students' well-being. While students rate the influence

of social media on their mental well-being and self-esteem as moderate, with weighted mean scores

of 2.90 and verbal interpretations of "Good," they perceive a more positive effect on their ability

to focus and concentrate on academic tasks, as indicated by a score of 2.36 and a rating of "Very
 27

Good." Interestingly, social media's impact on sleep quality receives the highest score of 2.16,

categorized as "Very Good," emphasizing its significant influence on students' sleep patterns.

Moreover, the positive influence of social media on students' productivity and time management,

with a score of 2.34 and a ranking of 2nd, underscores the potential benefits of social media in

enhancing academic performance. The overall mean score of 2.53, rated as "Good," suggests a

balanced perception of the negative effects of social media on students, highlighting the

complexity of its impact on various aspects of their well-being and academic endeavors.

Table 6
Time Management

INDICATORS WEIGHTED VERBAL Rank

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. How would you rate your ability to 2.90 Good 1
effectively manage your time while using
social media.

2. How would you rate your level of self- 2.42 Very good 2
discipline in setting time limits for social
media usage.

3. How would you rate your ability to 2.48 Very Good 3

prioritize your academic responsibilities
over social media usage.

4. How would you rate your ability to 2.84 Good 5

prioritize your academic responsibilities
over social media usage.
5. How would you rate your overall 2.68 Very Good 4
satisfaction with your time management
skills in relation to your social media
usage.

Overall Mean 2.66 Good

As seen in Table 6, "Time Management" highlights students' proficiency in balancing

academic responsibilities and social media usage. Students excel in managing time effectively,
 28

demonstrating good self-discipline in setting limits, and prioritizing academic tasks over social

media. Their satisfaction with time management skills related to social media is also high. The

overall mean score of 2.66, rated as "Good," indicates a positive perception of students' time

management abilities in the context of social media usage. This data emphasizes the importance

of effective time management and self-discipline in optimizing academic performance while

engaging with social media platforms.

Table 7
Kinds of Negative Effects in Social Media

INDICATORS WEIGHTED VERBAL Rank

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. How would you rate the level of comparison 2.80 Good 5
and self-esteem issues caused by social
media usage.
2. How would you rate the impact of 2.62 Good 1
cyberbullying and negative interactions on
social media on mental well-being.
3. How would you rate the influence of social 2.74 Good 3
media on feelings of anxiety, stress, or
depression.

4. How would you rate the impact of social 2.70 Good 2

media on sleep patterns or sleep
disturbances.
5. How would you rate the overall negative 2.78 Good 4
impact of social media on mental health and
well-being.
Overall Mean 2.72 Good

As seen in Table 7, "Kinds of Negative Effects in Social Media" provides a comprehensive

overview of the negative impacts of social media on students. It reveals that cyberbullying and

negative interactions have the most significant impact on mental well-being, ranking 1st with a

score of 2.62. Additionally, students perceive social media to influence feelings of anxiety, stress,

and depression, as indicated by a score of 2.74, ranking 3rd. The data also highlights the notable
 29

impact of social media on sleep patterns, ranking 2nd with a score of 2.70. Overall, students rate

the negative impact of social media on mental health and well-being as moderate, with an overall

mean score of 2.72. This data emphasizes the diverse negative effects of social media, including

cyberbullying, comparison issues, and impacts on mental well-being and sleep patterns,

underscoring the importance of addressing these issues for students' well-being.

Table 8
Positive Impact of Social Media Among the Students of NORSU On Their Academic
Performance

INDICATORS WEIGHTED VERBAL Rank

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. How would you rate the extent to which social 3.06 Good 1
media platforms have provided you with access to
educational resources and materials that have
directly improved your understanding of academic
subjects.
2. How would you rate the impact of using social 3.24 Good 2
media for academic discussions and collaborative
learning with classmates or peers in enhancing
your understanding of course materials and
assignments.
3. How would you rate the effectiveness of utilizing 3.10 Good 3
social media platforms to engage with educational
content, such as online lectures, tutorials, or
educational videos, to supplement your classroom
learning.
4. How would you rate the influence of social media 3.04 Good 5
in providing opportunities for networking and
connecting with professionals or experts in your
field of study, which has positively impacted your
academic growth and career prospects.

5. How would you rate the overall positive impact of 3.16 Good 4
utilizing social media platforms for academic
purposes on your academic performance and
learning experience at NORSU.
Overall Mean 3.12 Good
 30

As seen in Table 8, "Positive Impact of Social Media Among the Students of NORSU on

Their Academic Performance" showcases the beneficial effects of social media on academic

performance. Students highly rate the access to educational resources provided by social media,

collaborative learning with peers, engagement with educational content, networking opportunities,

and the overall positive impact on academic performance. The weighted mean scores range from

3.04 to 3.24, reflecting a positive perception of social media's role in enhancing academic

understanding and career prospects. The overall mean score of 3.12, rated as "Good," underscores

the significant positive impact of social media on students' academic performance and learning

experience at NORSU. This data emphasizes the importance of leveraging social media for

educational purposes to enrich learning and academic growth among students.

 31

CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECCOMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations drawn

from the analysis and interpretation of data in the previous chapter.

Summary

This study was designed to evaluate Impact of social media Among the Students of Negros

Oriental State University.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

This study aims to Investigate how social media platforms affects the mental health of the

Students of Negros Oriental State University, this seeks to identify specific aspects of social media

use that are positively or negatively associated with mental health indicators such as anxiety,

depression, self-esteem, and sleep quality.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. Demographic Profile:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1. Civil Status.

2. What are the effects of using social media platforms in mental health among the students

of NORSU in terms of?

2.1 Frequency of using social media;

 32

2.2 Negative effects of using social media;

2.3 Time management;

2.4 Kinds of negative effects in social media;

2.5 Positive impact of social media among the students of NORSU on their academic

performance.

3. To avoid stressing out and being depressed what can you suggest about limitations in using

social media platforms?

The descriptive method of research was used in this study utilizing the

questionnaire as the main tool in gathering the needed data, supplemented by Survey

questionnaires. This study utilized the 50 students in Negros Oriental State University- MC 2

located in Bajumpandan, Dumaguete City.

Findings

The findings of the study are as follows:

1. As to the age, most of the respondent inmates were bracket twenty-one-twenty-three

(21-23) that is 40% of the total respondents.

2. As for the Gender of the respondent’s majority of the respondents are female with 33

individuals representing 66% of the total respondents and ranking 1st in terms of

frequency.

3. For the civil status, majority of the respondents are single that with 47 individuals

representing 94% of the total respondents, ranking 1st in frequency.

4. The data from Table 4 reveals that students demonstrate positive self-regulation in

limiting social media time, deriving satisfaction from online interactions, and
 33

benefiting from increased productivity. While there is a slight impact on sleep quality,

students exhibit self-control in managing their social media usage. The overall mean

score of 2.89, rated as "Good," highlights the importance of self-regulation and positive

outcomes in students' online interactions.

5. Table 5 show that students perceive a moderate impact of social media on mental well-

being and self-esteem, with positive effects on academic focus. Social media has a

significant influence on sleep quality, positively impacting productivity and time

management. Overall, students maintain a balanced perception of social media's

negative effects, with an overall mean score of 2.53, indicating a "Good" rating.

6. In Table 6, students show proficiency in balancing academic tasks and social media

use, demonstrating effective time management and self-discipline. They prioritize

academic responsibilities over social media and express high satisfaction with their

time management skills. The overall mean score of 2.66, rated as "Good," highlights

positive perceptions of students' time management abilities in relation to social media.

This data underscores the significance of effective time management and self-discipline

in enhancing academic performance while engaging with social media.

7. Table 7, "Kinds of Negative Effects in Social Media," offers a comprehensive insight

into the adverse impacts of social media on students. The data reveals that

cyberbullying and negative interactions have the most significant impact on mental

well-being, ranking 1st with a score of 2.62. Additionally, students perceive social

media to influence feelings of anxiety, stress, and depression, ranking 3rd with a score

of 2.74. The data highlights the notable impact of social media on sleep patterns,

ranking 2nd with a score of 2.70. Overall, students rate the negative impact of social
 34

media on mental health and well-being as moderate, with an overall mean score of 2.72,

emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues for students' well-being.

8. Table 8, "Positive Impact of Social Media Among NORSU Students," shows that social

media has a significant positive impact on academic performance, with high ratings for

access to resources, collaborative learning, and networking opportunities. The overall

mean score of 3.12 underscores the importance of leveraging social media for

educational enrichment and academic growth among students.

9.

Conclusion

After t the findings of the study, the researcher has come up with following conclusion:

1. The majority of respondent inmates fall within the age bracket of twenty-one to twenty-

three (21-23), comprising 40% of the total respondents.

2. Among the respondents, females dominate with 33 individuals, representing 66% of

the total respondents and ranking first in terms of frequency.

3. Single individuals make up the majority of respondents in terms of civil status, with 47

individuals representing 94% of the total respondents, ranking first in frequency.

4. Students exhibit positive self-regulation in managing social media time, deriving

satisfaction from online interactions, and enhancing productivity. While there is a slight

impact on sleep quality, students demonstrate self-control in their social media usage,

with an overall mean score of 2.89, rated as "Good."

5. Students perceive a moderate impact of social media on mental well-being and self-

esteem, with positive effects on academic focus. Social media significantly influences
 35

sleep quality, productivity, and time management, with an overall mean score of 2.53,

indicating a "Good" rating.

6. Students effectively balance academic tasks and social media use, showcasing

proficient time management and self-discipline. They prioritize academics over social

media, expressing high satisfaction with their time management skills, with an overall

mean score of 2.66, rated as "Good."

7. Negative effects of social media on students, such as cyberbullying and negative

interactions, significantly impact mental well-being. Social media influences feelings

of anxiety, stress, and depression, as well as sleep patterns, with an overall mean score

of 2.72, emphasizing the need to address these issues for student well-being.

8. Social media has a positive impact on academic performance among NORSU students,

providing access to resources, collaborative learning, and networking opportunities.

The overall mean score of 3.12 highlights the importance of utilizing social media for

educational enrichment and academic growth.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends the following:

1. Negros Oriental State University should organize workshops or seminars focused on digital

well-being and healthy social media habits because these sessions can educate students on

the importance of self-regulation, time management, and maintaining a balanced approach

to social media use.

 36

2. A school must establish peer support groups or mentoring programs where students can

share experiences, seek advice, and support each other in navigating the challenges of

social media. Peer support can foster a sense of community and provide a platform for open

discussions on digital well-being.

3. School must Implement regular wellness check-ins or surveys to monitor students' mental

well-being and assess the impact of social media on their overall health. This data can help

identify trends, areas of concern, and tailor interventions to address specific needs.

4. Prioritize student well-being by offering mental health resources, counseling services, and

support systems to address the challenges associated with social media use. Create a

supportive environment that promotes positive mental health and overall well-being.
 37

APPENDIX A
TRANSMITAL LETTER

March 18,2024

Dr. Jose Rene A. Cepe, PhD

CCJE Dean
Negros Oriental State University
Bajumpandan Main Campus II

Dear Sir:

The undersigned are the criminology student of Negros Oriental state University
(NORSU). As part of the requirement for the degree in Criminology, the undersigned are presently
conducting research on "The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health Among the Students
Of NORSU".

In this connection, the undersigned are respectfully requesting your kind permission to
conduct the study and administer our questionnaires to the students in NORSU Campus 2 under
your control.

Anonymity and confidentiality of information gathered will be observed.

Thank you very much for your approval.

Very respectfully yours,

Lee Christian Chong

Julieto A. Orquillano Jr.
Anthony Padol
Researchers

Noted by:

Dennis R. Chiu, PhD

Adviser
 38

APPENDIX B
A Survey Questionnaire on
the Impacts of Social Media on Mental Health Among the Students Of NORSU

Part 1. Profile of Respondents

Name : ________________________ (Optional)

Age. : ________________________
Gender: ________________________
Civil Status: _________________

Part 2. What are the effects of using social media platforms in mental health among the
students in NORSU ion terms of:
Instruction: Please put a check mark on the chosen item. Rate your score from four to one, four
id the highest (Excellent) and one is the lowest (Poor).

4 Excellent

3 Very Good

2 Good

1 Poor

Impacts Of social media on Mental Health Among the

Students Of NORSU 4 3 2 1

I. Frequency of Using Social Media

1. How would you rate your ability to limit the
amount of time you spend on social media.

2. How would you rate your overall satisfaction with

the frequency of your social media usage.

3. How would you rate the impact of your social

media usage on your productivity in daily activities
or tasks.

4. How would you rate your ability to maintain a

healthy balance between your social media usage
and other aspects of your life (e.g., relationships,
hobbies, studies).
 39

5. How would you rate your level of self-control in

managing the frequency of your social media usage

II. Negative Effects of Social Media on Students

1. How would you rate the impact of social media on
your overall mental well-being.

2. How would you rate the influence of social media

on your self-esteem and body image.

3. How would you rate the effect of social media on

your ability to focus and concentrate on academic
tasks or studies.

4. How would you rate the impact of social media on

your sleep quality or sleep patterns.

5. How would you rate the influence of social media

on your overall productivity and time management.

III. Time Management

1. How would you rate your ability to effectively
manage your time while using social media.

2. How would you rate your level of self-discipline in

setting time limits for social media usage.

3. How would you rate your ability to prioritize your

academic responsibilities over social media usage.

4. How would you rate your ability to prioritize your

academic responsibilities over social media usage.
5. How would you rate your overall satisfaction with
your time management skills in relation to your
social media usage.

IV. Kinds of negative effects in social media

1. How would you rate the level of comparison and self-

esteem issues caused by social media usage.
 40

2. How would you rate the impact of cyberbullying and

negative interactions on social media on mental well-
being.
3. How would you rate the influence of social media on
feelings of anxiety, stress, or depression.

4. How would you rate the impact of social media on

sleep patterns or sleep disturbances.

5. How would you rate the overall negative impact of

social media on mental health and well-being.

V. Positive impact of social media among the students of

NORSU on their academic performance
1. How would you rate the extent to which social media
platforms have provided you with access to educational
resources and materials that have directly improved
your understanding of academic subjects.

2. How would you rate the impact of using social media

for academic discussions and collaborative learning
with classmates or peers in enhancing your
understanding of course materials and assignments.

3. How would you rate the effectiveness of utilizing social

media platforms to engage with educational content,
such as online lectures, tutorials, or educational videos,
to supplement your classroom learning.

4. How would you rate the influence of social media in

providing opportunities for networking and connecting
with professionals or experts in your field of study,
which has positively impacted your academic growth
and career prospects.

5. How would you rate the overall positive impact of

utilizing social media platforms for academic purposes
on your academic performance and learning experience
at NORSU.
 41

APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Christian Lee R. Chong

Address : Looc, Sibulan Negros Oriental
Age : 24
Date of Birth : December 26, 1998
Place of Birth : Talisay, Santander Cebu
Father’s Name : Federico S. Chong
Mother’s Name : Remegia R. Chong

Educational Background

Tertiary : Negros Oriental State University (NORSU)

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Sibulan National High School

Sibulan, Negros Oriental

Elementary : Looc Memorial Elementary School

Looc, Sibulan
 42

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Julieto A. Orquillano

Address : Maayung Tubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental
Age : 22
Date of Birth : May 7, 2002
Place of Birth : Pasig City
Father’s Name : Julieto M. Orquillano
Mother’s Name : Rosemarie A. Orquillano

Educational Background

Tertiary : Negros Oriental State University (NORSU)

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Dauin National High School

Dauin, Negros Oriental

Elementary : MaayongTubig Elementary School

Dauin, Negros Oriental
 43

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Anthony C. Padol

Address : Bunao, Dumaguete City
Age : 21
Date of Birth : May 27, 2002
Place of Birth : Dumaguete City
Father’s Name : Sunny D. Padol
Mother’s Name : Vilma C. Padol

Educational Background

Tertiary : Negros Oriental State University (NORSU)

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Negros Oriental High School

Kagawasan Ave., Dumaguete City

Elementary : Magsaysay Memorial Elementary School

Pulantubig, Dumaguete City