Republic of Zambia

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education

Mathematics Syllabus
(Grades 8 and 9)

Published by the Curriculum Development Centre

P.O. Box 50092
Lusaka
COPYRIGHT

© Curriculum Development Centre, 2013

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publisher.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 i

 VISION

Quality, lifelong education for all which is accessible, inclusive and relevant to individual, national and global needs and value systems.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ i
VISION..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... v
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vi
Rationale.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
Suggested Teaching Methodology...................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
Assessment.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
Time and period allocation................................................................................................................................................................................................................. viii
General Outcomes.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. viii
GRADE 8................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
GRADE 9............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX 1: GRADE 8 AND 9 SEQUENCE..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 iii

PREFACE

The syllabus was produced as a result of the Curriculum review process carried out by the Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and
Early Education under the auspices of the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC). The curriculum reform process started way back in 1999 when the
Ministry of Education commissioned five (5) curriculum studies which were conducted by the University of Zambia. These studies were followed by a
review of the lower and middle basic and primary teacher education curriculum. In 2005 the upper basic education National survey was conducted and
information from learners, parents, teachers, school managers, educational administrators, tertiary institutions traditional leaders civic leaders and
various stakeholders in education was collected to help design a relevant curriculum ,.

The recommendations provided by various stakeholders during the Upper Basic Education National survey of 2005 and National symposium on
curriculum held in June 2009 guided the review process.

The review was necessitated by the need to provide an education system that would not only incorporate latest social, economic, technological and
political developments but also equip learners with vital knowledge, skills and values that are necessary to contribute to the attainment of Vision 2030.
The syllabus has been reviewed in line with the Outcome Based Education principles which seek to link education to real life experiences that give
learners skills to access, criticize analyze and practically apply knowledge that help them gain life skills. Its competences and general outcomes are the
expected outcomes to be attained by the learners through the acquisition of knowledge, skills, techniques and values which are very important for the
total development of the individual and the nation as a whole.

Effective implementation of Outcome Based Education requires that the following principles be observed: clarity of focus, Reflective designing,
setting high expectations for all learners and appropriate opportunities.

It is my sincere hope that this Outcome Based syllabus will greatly improve the quality of education provided at Grade 8 and 9 levels as defined and
recommended in various policy documents including Educating Our Future`1996 and the `Zambia Education Curriculum Framework `2013.

Chishimba Nkosha (Mr.)

Permanent Secretary
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EARLY EDUCATION

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The syllabus presented here is a result of broad-based consultation involving several stakeholders within and outside the education system.
Many individuals, institutions and organizations were consulted to gather their views on the existing syllabus and to accord them an opportunity to
make suggestions for the new syllabus. The Ministry of Education wishes to express heartfelt gratitude to all those who participated for their valuable
contributions, which resulted in the development of this syllabus.

The Curriculum Development Centre worked closely with other sister departments and institutions to create this document. We sincerely thank the
Directorate of Teacher Education and Specialized Services, the Directorate of Planning and Information, the Directorate of Human Resource and
Administration, the Directorate of Open and Distance Education ,the Examinations Council of Zambia, the University of Zambia, schools and other
institutions too numerous to mention, for their steadfast support.

We pay special tribute to co-operating partners especially JICA in conjunction with Hiroshima University and UNICEF for rendering financial and
technical support in the production of the syllabus.

C.N.M Sakala (Mrs.)

Director-Standard and Curriculum
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EARLY EDUCATION

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 v

INTRODUCTION
This syllabus has been prepared and produced against the background of the need to set high standards for mathematics education and actualize the
country’s vision from ECCDE through to Teacher Education. It is a culmination of reviews of existing materials and policies from a number of
countries both in Africa and beyond with progressive mathematics education. It also draws from studies, research and the country’s policy documents
and aspirations.

The following are the underlying principles for the revised Junior Secondary school mathematics syllabus:
 Equity
 Orderly and logical progression
 Varied teaching methodology with subjective learning as the keystone
 Integration of knowledge, skills and values

These syllabus guidelines have been defined at two levels namely the content and process domains. The content domain is defined according to six
themes namely; Numbers & Calculations, Algebra, Geometry, Measures, Probability & Statistics and Relations. The process domain on the other
hand is defined according to three categories of knowledge, skills and values. These two domains constitute the general outcomes of the Mathematics
course.

Rationale

Mathematics is an important subject on the Zambian School curriculum. It is featured as one of the core subjects in all the options for both the
academic as well as the practical career pathways.

Mathematics enhances the learners’ understanding of the world around and prepares them for further education. It also plays a key role as a tool for
learning other subjects and learning areas. The subject fosters the development and improvement of learners’ intellectual competence in logical
reasoning, spatial visualization, analysis and abstract thought. When learners have acquired enough knowledge in mathematics they develop reasoning,
thinking and problem solving skills. Mathematics is also important in science and technology subjects which are vital for the development of the
country. It therefore equips the learner to live in the age of Science and technology and enable them contribute to social, economic development of the
country.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 vi

Mathematics can also be an interesting subject when learners appreciate basic concepts and insights that will equip them to pursue mathematics
education at higher levels.

Suggested Teaching Methodology

This Syllabus for Junior Secondary schools aims at enabling learners acquire mathematical knowledge, values and skills for the further study of the
subject at the Senior Secondary level as well as apply it in their daily lives. It is for this reason that teachers should focus on encouraging
communication of mathematical ideas among learners, emphasise problem solving and application to real life situations besides cultivating interest in
the subjects.

The mathematical concepts and principles presented in this syllabus aim to encourage learners to think logically and critically and make connections
between topics and with other subjects. To achieve this, teachers should put emphasis on teaching the subject in a manner where learners communicate
their mathematical ideas as well as misconceptions. This approach will enhance learners’ understanding and appreciation of mathematical concepts and
ideas as they construct their own knowledge. Teachers will also need to refocus their teaching approaches and continuously sharpen their pedagogical
skills in line with contemporary approaches in the teaching of the subject.

Further, since Mathematics is a discipline with hierarchical concepts and skills, teachers should present it in a systematic manner. In the design of the
syllabus, effort has been made to sequence the topics across the entire course of study. Successfully interpretation and implementation of this syllabus
however requires flexibility on the part of teachers in order for them to arrange the content in an easy to understand progression so as to improve
mathematics education in the country.

Assessment
Assessment is an important diagnostic tool in the teaching and learning process used to determine whether teaching and learning have taken place or
not. It requires well defined rubrics to facilitate a fair and consistent assessment of learner’s work as well as clearly defined performance targets at key
stages and during the process of teaching and learning.

Classroom based continuous assessment must form an integral part of the implementation of this syllabus. This is in view of the value that this adds to
the modification of instruction delivery thereby contributing to best practices by the teacher. In order to attain this, teachers are urged to employ
various techniques of assessment according to the topics and themes at various levels. These methods may include learner observation, projects, tests,
portfolios and projects among others.

For terminal assessment, the Examinations Council will provide guidelines on the objectives to be assessed in at specific levels both for selection and
certification.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 vii

Time and period allocation
This syllabus will require at least 4 hours 40 minutes (seven-40 minutes periods) per week to complete.

General Outcomes

1. To foster the development and improvement of learners’ intellectual competence in logical reasoning, spatial visualization, analysis and abstract
thought.
2. To equip the learner to live in the age of science and technology and enable them contribute to social, economic development of the country.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 viii

GRADE 8

General Outcomes Key Competences:

 Provide clear mathematical thinking and expression in the  Think mathematically and accurately in problem solving skills and apply these skills
learner. to formulate and solve mathematical and other related problems.
 Develop the learners’ mathematical and ICT knowledge  Develop necessary skills needed to apply mathematical and ICT concepts and skills
and skills. in other disciplines.
 Enrich the learners’ understanding of mathematical  Develop abilities and ideas drawn from mathematics to reason logically,
concepts in order to facilitate further study of the communicate mathematically and technologically, and learn independently without
discipline. too much supervision (self-discipline).
 Build up an appreciation of mathematical and ICT  Development positive attitudes towards mathematics and use it in other subjects
concepts so that the learner can apply these for problem such as science and technology.
solving in everyday life.  Apply mathematical tools such as information and communication technology in the
 Enable the learner Represent, interpret and use data in a learning of other subjects.
variety of forms.  Use mathematics for enjoyment and pleasure.
 Develop understanding of algebra, geometry, measurements and shapes.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 1

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
8.1 SETS 8.1.1 Set builder 8.1.1.1 Interpret the set builder  The set builder  Computation  Appreciation of
notation. notation; {x: x > 2, x notation; of operations the use of sets.
8.1.2 Intersection of on sets  Accuracy of
Ζ}. {x: x > 2, x Ζ}
sets.  Interpretation classification
8.1.3 Complement of 8.1.2.1 Find the intersection set  Venn diagrams of the set and in set
a Set. involving up to 3 sets.  The intersection set builder operations.
8.1.4 Set Operations. 8.1.3.1 Interpret the set (should include up to notation.  Team work
8.1.5 Application on complement including 3 sets)  Problem through
sets. its symbol (i.e. A’, B’)  Set complement solving using cooperative
8.1.4.1 Use single set operation including its symbol acquired learning.
symbols (e.g. A B C (i.e. A’, B’) knowledge of
or A B C).  Single set operation sets.
8.1.4.2 Use combined set symbol (e.g. A B C
operation symbols or A B C).
[e.g. (A B’) C, (A’ B)  Combined set
C, A’ (B’ C)] operation symbols
8.1.5.1 Apply simple [e.g. (A B’) C, (A’
operations on sets. B) C, A’ (B’ C)]
 Set application in real
life situations.
8.2 INTEGERS 8.2.1 The four 8.2.1.1 Add and subtract  Adding and  Computation  Accuracy in
operations. integers without using subtracting integers of integers computing
the number line. without using the using the four integers using
8.2.1.2 Multiply and divide number line. operations. the four rules.
integers.  Multiplying and
dividing integers.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 2

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
8.3 APPROXIMATION 8.3.1 Approximation 8.3.1.1 Express numbers to  Meaning of  Identification  Appreciation of
& ESTIMATION and Estimation. given significant figure. significant figure of significant approximations
8.3.2 Scientific 8.3.1.2 Estimate measures or (Highlight the figures. in real life.
Notation. quantities. Significance of  Estimation of
8.3.3 Apply the 8.3.1.3 Round-off numbers to zero). numbers to
concept of specified degree of  Estimating measures given
approximation accuracy. or quantities. significant
in real life. 8.3.2.1 Express numbers in  Rounding off figure.
scientific notation or numbers to given  Problem
standard form. degree of accuracy solving using
8.3.2.2 Approximate numbers (nearest unit, given approximation
in scientific notation to number of decimal in real life.
given degree of places).
accuracy.  Scientific notation
8.3.3.1 Apply the concept of (i.e. A x 10n where n
approximation in real is an integer and
life. 1 A<10).
 Scientific notation to
given degree of
accuracy (i.e.
specified number of
significant figures,
decimal places).
 Concept of
approximation in
real life
(percentages, time,
distance,
temperature).

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 3

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
8.4 RATIO & 8.4.1 Ratio and 8.4.1.1 Solve problems that  Interpretation of  Computation of  Team work
PROPORTION Proportional involve ratio and graphs. problems through
parts. proportion.  Problems in real life involving ratio cooperative
situations [e.g. using and proportion. learning.
the representative  Application of  Accuracy in
fractions (RF), ratio and computations.
Foreign Exchange proportion in
rates, mapping]. solving real life
problems.
8.5 ALGEBRAIC 8.5.1 Algebraic 8.5.1.1 Formulate algebraic  Relate letters to  Contrasting  Accuracy in
EXPRESSIONS & expressions. expressions. numbers and/ or terms and computation of
FORMULA 8.5.2 Substitutions. 8.5.1.2 Simplify algebraic vice versa. constants. values.
8.5.3 Simple Linear expressions.  Distinguish between  Substitution or  Logical
equations. 8.5.1.3 Apply the distributive variables and representation thinking in
8.5.4 Construction of law in simplifying coefficients. of letters for factoring.
formulae. algebraic expressions.  Grouping like and numbers.  Abstract
8.5.2.1 Evaluate algebraic unlike terms.  Construction of reasoning in
expressions.  Applying equations. constructing
8.5.3.1 Solve simple equations Commutative, formulae.
using the additive and Associative and
multiplicative inverse. Distributive (CAD)
8.5.4.1 Construct formula from Laws.
given statement.  Expanding and
Factorising
algebraic
expressions.
 Applying the four
operations on
algebraic
expressions.
 Evaluating algebraic

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 4

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
expressions by
substituting
variables with
numbers.
 Applying additive
and multiplicative
inverses.
 Solving equations
 Representation of
mathematical
sentences for
symbols.
8.6 SOCIAL & 8.6.1 Simple and 8.6.1.1 Calculate simple and  Calculating  Entrepreneurshi  Appreciation of
COMMERCIAL compound compound interest. compound and p using simple compound
ARITHMETIC interest. 8.6.2.1 Calculate utility bills, simple interest. and compound interest,
8.6.2 Utility bills, Bank Bank and Postal  Loan repayments. interest insurance and
and Post Office charges.  Prepare simple  Generating assurance.
charges. 8.6.3.1 Generate simple budgets. budgets.  Teamwork.
8.6.3 Budgeting. budget.  Calculating the  Calculation  Accuracy in
8.6.4 Insurance and 8.6.4.1 Calculate insurance, value of property involving calculating utility
Assurance. premium, policy cover. Insured (e.g. Car, premium and bills, bank and
8.6.5 Hire purchase. 8.6.5.1 Calculate cost of goods building, policy cover. postal charges.
bought on hire household),  Interpretation of  Curiosity in hire
purchase. premiums, Insurance bills. purchase.
cover, Life  Planning and
assurance (Accident, costing of goods
medical, education), bought on hire
policy cover. purchase.
 Calculating the
initial cost,
instalments, interest,

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 5

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
discount and total
cost of goods bought
on hire purchase.
8.7 CARTESIAN 8.7.1 The Cartesian 8.7.1.1 Draw the XOY plane.  The Cartesian plane.  Identification of  Curiosity in
PLANE Graph 8.7.1.2 Plot and read the  Drawing the XOY the X and Y plotting points on
8.7.2 Equation of ordered pair (x, y) on plane. plane. XOY plane
straight line the XOY plane.  Plotting ordered  Reading and  Accuracy in
8.7.1.3 Join different points on pairs. plotting of plotting point on
the Cartesian plane.  Drawing shapes by coordinates. the XOY plane.
8.7.2.1 Graph straight lines. joining ordered  Drawing of
pairs. straight lines
 Drawing straight using on the
line graphs (e.g. y = XOY plane.
x, x = 4, y =3).
8.8 FUNCTIONS 8.8.1 Relations 8.8.1.1 Describe different  Types of relationships  Identification  Curiosity in
8.8.2 Mappings types of relationships. (one to one, one to range and drawing of
8.8.3 Set of ordered 8.8.2.1 Map functions to many, many to one domain. graphs of linear
pairs show relationship. many to many).  Matching equations.
8.8.4 Linear graphs 8.8.2.2 Identify mappings  Mappings (one to one, relations.  Logical thinking
from arrow diagrams. many to one).  Interpretation of in finding range
8.8.2.3 Find the range of the  Representation of a functions. and domain of
function when domain functions.
is given. function [f: x a;
8.8.3.1 Find a function given f(x) = a].
a set of ordered pairs.  Making arrow
8.8.4.1 Draw graphs of linear diagrams to show
functions. relations and
8.8.4.2 Solve problems mappings for domain
involving functions. and range.
 Ordered pairs as
object and image.
 Real life functional
Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 6
 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
problems.
8.9 SOLID SHAPES 8.9.1 Three 8.9.1.1 Identify cones and  Identifying and draw  Identification of  Creativity in
dimensional pyramids. cones and pyramids. cones and drawing nets of
shapes. 8.9.1.2 Draw nets of cones  Drawing nets of cones pyramids. cones and
and pyramids. and pyramids.  Comparison of pyramids.
8.9.1.3 Draw/sketch of cones  Drawing/sketching of nets of cones  Appreciation of
and pyramids. cones and pyramids. and pyramids. drawing cones
 Interpretation of and pyramids.
nets of cones  Accuracy in
and pyramids. finding point
 Application symmetry and
centre of rotation.
8.10 MENSURATION 8.10.1 Area. 8.10.1.1 Find the total surface  Finding the total  Calculation of  Accuracy in
8.10.2 Volume. area of cylinder and surface area of a surface area and calculations
8.10.3 Density. triangular prism. cylinder and volume of a involving surface
8.10.2.1 Calculate the volume triangular prism. cylinder and area and volume.
of cylinder and  Finding volume of triangular  Appreciation of
triangular prism. cylinder and prism. density of
8.10.3.1 Describe density. triangular prism.  Interpretation of objects.
8.10.3.2 Calculate density of  Calculating density of density of
regular objects. regular objects. regular objects.
8.11 ANGLES 8.11.1 Related angles. 8.11.1.1 Identify related  Complementary and  Identification of  Curiosity in
8.11.2 Angle angles. supplementary angles. related angles finding related
associated with 8.11.2.1 Find angles associated  Transversal and and angles of angles.
straight lines. with straight lines. parallel lines. elevation and
8.11.2.2 Find angles of  Corresponding angles, depression.
elevation and vertically opposite  Interpretation of
depression. angles, alternate different types
8.11.2.3 Solve problems angles, allied angles, of angles.
related to real life. angles at a point.  Computation of
 Angles of elevation related angles.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 7

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
and depression.
 Angle properties of a
triangle.
 Interior and exterior
angles.
 Application of angles.
8.12 GEOMETRICAL 8.12.1 Construction of 8.12.1.1 Construct 60O, 90 O  Using a ruler and  Construction of  Accuracy in
CONSTRUCTION Angles. angles using ruler compass. 60o, 90o angles, construction of
8.12.2 Construction of and compass.  Constructing 60O, 90 O parallel lines, angles.
lines. 8.12.1.2 Construct angle angles using ruler and perpendicular  Creativity and
Bisectors using ruler pair of compass. lines. Logical thinking in
and compass.  Bisecting angles  Bisecting constructing
8.12.2.1 Use ruler and (giving rise to other angles. angles, parallel
compass to construct angles; 45O, 30O,  Dividing lines lines and
parallel lines. 15O , 75o).  Application of perpendicular
8.12.2.2 Construct  Constructing construction in bisectors.
perpendiculars using perpendiculars (to a real life  Neatness when
ruler and compass. given line, problems. constructing.
8.12.2.3 Relate geometrical perpendicular bisector
construction to real and from given point)
life problems. and parallel lines
without using set
squares.
 Relating geometrical
construction to real
life problems (floor
plan of buildings) .

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 8

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
8.13 STATISTICS 8.13.1 Methods of 8.13.1.1 Identify methods of  Data collection  Presentation of  Curiosity of
Data data collection. instruments ungrouped and representation of
Collection. 8.13.2.1 Present data on (questionnaire, grouped data in collected data.
8.13.2 Data Histograms and interviews, statistical  Accuracy in
presentations. frequency polygons. observation). graphs. computation of
8.13.3 Measures of 8.13.2.2 Draw frequency  Frequency tables.  Interpretation of measures of
central tables of grouped  Graphing (Histograms statistical central tendency.
tendency. data. and frequency graphs.
8.13.4 Application. 8.13.2.3 Construct and polygons).  Computation of
interpret graphs of  Statistical measures of
given data. presentations. central
8.13.3.1 Find Mean for  Central tendency tendency.
grouped and (Mean, Mode,
ungrouped data. Median, Modal class)
8.13.4.1 Identify uses of as representative
statistics. values.
 Constructing and
interpreting graphs of
given data (i.e. Line
graph, Pie chart,
Compound bar chart).
 Uses of statistics in
real life.
8.14 NUMBER 8.14.1 Conversions 8.14.1.1 Convert from denary  Conversion from  Conversions of  Accuracy in
BASES of number to bicimal numbers of denary to bicimal number bases to conversions of
bases. the form 1110.1, up to numbers of the form other bases. number bases.
8.14.2 Multiplication 3 ‘bicimal places. 1110.1, up to 3  Multiplication  Appreciation of
and Division. 8.14.1.2 Convert number in ‘bicimal places’ and and Division of bicimal numbers.
bicimal to base 10. vice versa. number bases.
8.14.2.1 Multiply and Divide  Conversion of bicimal
numbers in base 2 and numbers to base 10.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 9

 CONTENT
TOPIC/ THEME SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
base 5.  Multiplication and
division in base 2 and
base 5.
8.15 COMPUTERS 8.15.1 Introduction to 8.15.1.1 Describe computer  Defining the  Designing flow  Curiosity in
computers. processes. computer process charts. defining
8.15.2 Flow charts. 8.15.2.1 Construct flow charts. (Input, Process, and  Sequencing of computer
Output). computational processes.
 Construction of: stages.  Logical thinking
Flow charts and in constructing
decision boxes. flow charts.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 10

 GRADE 9

General Outcomes Key Competences

 Provide clear mathematical thinking and expression in  Think mathematically and accurately in problem solving skills and apply these
the learner. skills to formulate and solve mathematical and other related problems.
 Develop necessary skills needed to apply mathematical and ICT concepts and
 Develop the learners’ mathematical and ICT knowledge
skills in other disciplines.
and skills.  Develop abilities and ideas drawn from mathematics to reason logically,
 Enrich the learners’ understanding of mathematical communicate mathematically and technologically, and learn independently
without too much supervision (self-discipline).
concepts in order to facilitate further study of the
 Development positive attitudes towards mathematics and use it in other subjects
discipline. such as science and technology.
 Build up an appreciation of mathematical and ICT  Apply mathematical tools such as information and communication technology in
the learning of other subjects.
concepts so that the learner can apply these for problem
 Use mathematics for enjoyment and pleasure.
solving in everyday life.  Develop understanding of algebra, geometry, measurements and shapes.
 Enable the learner Represent, interpret and use data in a
variety of forms.

TOPIC SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
9.1 SQUARE ROOTS 9.1.1 Square roots. 9.1.1.1 Describe the meaning of  Describing square root  Interpretation  Awareness of
AND CUBE 9.1.2 Cube roots. square root and its symbol. and cube root and the of root symbol. root and its
ROOTS 9.1.3 Roots of 9.1.2.1 Describe the meaning of symbols ( and ).  Evaluation of symbol.
Squares and cube root and its symbol.  Square and cubes square roots and  Curiosity in
Cubes. 9.1.3.1 Find roots of Squares and numbers (ONLY cube roots. using root
Cubes. PERFECT SQUARES symbol.
Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 11
 AND CUBES AT THIS
LEVEL).
9.2 INDEX 9.2.1 Indices. 9.2.1.1 Interpret the positive and  Interpreting positive  Interpretation of  Awareness of
NOTATION 9.2.2 Laws of zero indices. and Zero indices (50 = the meaning of zero and
indices. 9.2.2.1 Apply the laws of indices. 1). zero and positive positive indices.
 Laws of indices (addition indices.
and subtraction of  Computation of
powers). numbers in
index notation.
9.3 REAL NUMBERS 9.3.1 Rational 9.3.1.1 Identify Rational numbers.  Identifying rational  Relating  Awareness of
numbers. 9.3.2.1 Identify Irrational numbers as numbers of rational numbers rational and
9.3.2 Irrational numbers. to irrational irrational
numbers. the form (b ≠ 0). numbers. numbers.
 Estimation of
 Irrational numbers such
irrational
as π, . numbers.
9.4 PYTHAGORAS’ 9.4.1 Right Angled 9.4.1.1 Identify sides in the Right  Background to  Identification of  Curiosity in use
THEOREM triangle. angled triangle. Pythagoras’ theorem sides in a right of Pythagoras
9.4.2 Application. 9.4.1.2 State the Pythagoras’  Sides in the Right angled angles triangle. theorem.
theorem. triangle (i.e. two adjacent  Application of  Awareness of
9.4.2.1 Solve real life problems sides and hypotenuse) the Pythagoras’ the Pythagoras
involving Pythagoras’  Area of squares (i.e. a2 + theorem. theorem.
theorem. b2 = c2.
 Using Pythagoras’ theorem
to solve problems in real life
TOPIC SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENT
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES
9.5 DIRECTIONS 9.5.1 Directions. 9.5.1.1 Identify the cardinal points  Points on the Compass  Identification of  Awareness of
AND BEARINGS 9.5.2 Bearings. on the compass. (N, E, W and S). cardinal points direction and
9.5.2.1 Find three figure bearings  Using North and South on the compass. bearings.
of one point from another. points to find compass  Interpretation  Curiosity in use
bearings (N650E or of the three of compass
N750W). figure bearings. bearings.
Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 12
  Presentation of three
figure bearing of one
point from another (060o).
9.6 EQUATIONS 9.6.1 Subject of 9.6.1.1 Change subject of the  Subject of the formula.  Representation  Curiosity in
AND formula. formula.  Equations and of subject of solving linear
INEQUATIONS 9.6.2 Equations and 9.6.2.1 Solve equations and inequations ( in one and formula in one equations and
inequations. inequations in one two variables) include and two inequations.
9.6.3 Systems of variable. those with fractions. variables.  Decisiveness in
Linear 9.6.2.2 Solve equations and  Graphs of Inequations  Application of choosing the
equations. Inequations in two (shade the wanted change of right subject of
9.6.4 Application of variables. region). subject of formula when
equations and 9.6.2.3 Sketch the graph of  Solutions of formula to linear solving
Inequations. Inequations and shade the Simultaneous linear equations and simultaneous
wanted region. equations inequations in linear equations
9.6.3.1 Solve simultaneous linear ( Elimination, two variables. in two variables.
equations in two variables. substitution and graphical  Interpretation
9.6.4.1 Apply equations and methods). of the shading of
inequations in real life.  Application. the wanted
region.

TOPIC SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 13

9.7 SOCIAL & 9.7.1 Salaries and 9.7.1.1 Work out payments for  Salary from wages.  Computation of  Awareness of
COMMERCIAL Wages. piece work & work per  Payslips and wage sheets. Salary and taxes, salaries
ARITHMETIC 9.7.2 Taxes. hour.  Salaries deductions. wages. and social
9.7.3 Pension and 9.7.1.2 Compute deduction from  Over time, commission,  Problem solving schemes.
Social salaries. bonus. involving  Appreciation of
Schemes. 9.7.1.3 Calculate over time.  Income tax and value pension and taxes and social
9.7.4 Investments. 9.7.2.1 Differentiate & calculate added tax (VAT). social schemes. schemes.
income tax and value  Pension and  Decision
added tax. compensation. making in
9.7.3.1 Calculate pension and  Depreciation and depreciation and
compensation. appreciation. appreciation.
9.7.4.1 Calculate depreciation and
appreciation.
9.8 MATRICES 9.8.1 Introduction to 9.8.1.1 Present data from real life  Meaning of matrices  Interpretation  Awareness of
Matrices. in matrix form.  Order of matrices. of order of matrices.
9.8.2 Order of 9.8.2.1 State order of matrices.  Adding and subtracting matrices.  Orderliness in
matrices. 9.8.3.1 Add and subtract matrices. matrices.  Presentation of writing columns
9.8.3 Operations on 9.8.3.2 Multiply a matrix by a  Multiplying a matrix by a matrices. and row of
matrices. scalar. scalar.  Record keeping matrices.
9.8.4 Application of 9.8.3.3 Multiply matrices.  Multiplication of using matrices.
matrices. 9.8.4.1 Apply matrices in real life. matrices(up to 2x2
matrices).
 Matrices in real life.

TOPIC SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 14

9.9 MENSURATION 9.9.1 Regular 9.9.1.1 Describe properties of  Interior and exterior  Identification of  Accuracy in
polygons. interior & exterior angles angles of regular regular calculating
9.9.2 Irregular of regular polygons polygons. polygons. interior and
polygons. 9.9.1.2 Calculate Interior and  Sum of interior angles  Computation of exterior angles.
exterior angles of regular of regular polygons. interior and
polygons.  Irregular polygons. exterior of
9.9.2.1 Describe irregular regular
polygons. polygons.
9.10 SIMILARITY & 9.10.1 Similar 9.10.1.1 Illustrate properties of  Properties determining  Comparison of  Awareness of
CONGRUENCY figures. different figures in order similarity. similar shapes. similar and
9.10.2 Congruent to determine similarity.  Properties determining  Interpretation congruent
figures. 9.10.1.2 Establish conditions of congruency. of congruency shapes.
similarity.  Calculations relating to and similarities  Logical
9.10.1.3 Solve problems application of similarity in figures. thinking in
involving similarity. and congruency in real  Drawing similar determining
9.10.2.1 Illustrate properties of life. and congruent similarities and
different figures in order  Ratio properties. figures. congruency of
to determine congruency. figures.
9.10.2.2 Establish conditions of
congruency.
9.10.2.3 Solve problems
involving congruency.
9.10.2.4 Use similarity and
congruency to solve
problems in real life.

TOPIC SUBTOPICS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS VALUES

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 15

9.11 GEOMETRICAL 9.11.1 Circum- 9.11.1.1 Construct triangles,  Use of mathematical  Construction  Accuracy in
CONSTRUCTION circles and circum- circles and instruments. of triangles, measurements
Inscribed inscribed circles.  Constructing triangles, circum-circles involved.
circles. 9.11.2.1 Design patterns. circum- circles and and inscribed  Neatness in
9.11.2 Application of inscribed circles. circles. constructions.
Geometrical  Designing patterns  Designing of  Curiosity in
Constructions. (derived from different designing
construction). patterns. patterns.
9.12 PROBABILITY 9.12.1 Introduction 9.12.1.1 Describe the meaning  Meaning and importance  Demonstration  Curiosity in
to probability. and importance of of probability - Chances of experiments probability
9.12.2 Experimental probability. in coins, playing cards in probability. experiments.
Probability. 9.12.2.1 Determine outcomes of and dice.  Interpretation  Logical thinking
9.12.3 Theoretical an experiment.  Terms related to of probability in interpreting
probability. 9.12.3.1 Demonstrate favourable probability( occurrence, and chance. probability
and possible outcomes. favourable outcome,  Observation of values.
9.12.3.2 Interpret probability possible outcome, probability  Team work when
values. certainty and experiments. carrying out
impossibility).  Interpretation experiments and
 Complement of of probability recording of
probability. values. results.
 Probability values.
9.13 COMPUTER 9.13.1 Decision 9.13.1.1 Construct decision boxes.  Sequencing activities.  Designing of  Curiosity in use
boxes. 9.13.2.1 Identify and create loops  Basic programming decision flow of flow charts.
9.13.2 Loops. in flow charts. (Writing simple computer charts.  Logical thinking
9.13.3 Simple 9.13.3.1 Write simple computer programmes).  Application of in constructing
programs. programmes.  Using simple programs to flow charts to flow charts.
9.13.3.2 Use simple programmes calculate area, volume, real life.  Reasoning in
to calculate area, volume, averages and linear  Analysis of writing simple
find averages and resolve equations. decisions. computer
linear equation. programs.

APPENDIX 1: GRADE 8 AND 9 SEQUENCE

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 16

DOMAIN TOPIC SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
GRADE 8 GRADE 9
SETS 8.1.1.2 Interpret the set builder notation; {x: x > 2,
x Ζ}.
8.1.2.2 Find the intersection set involving up to 3
sets.
8.1.3.2 Interpret the set complement including its
symbol (i.e. A’, B’)
8.1.4.3 Use single set operation symbols (e.g. A B
C or A B C).
8.1.4.4 Use combined set operation symbols
[e.g. (A B’) C, (A’ B) C, A’ (B’ C)]
8.1.5.1 Apply simple operations on sets
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS & 8.5.1.1 Formulate algebraic expressions
Algebra

FORMULA 8.5.1.2 Simplify algebraic expressions

8.5.1.3 Apply the distributive law in simplifying
algebraic expressions
8.5.2.1 Evaluate algebraic expressions
8.5.3.1 Solve simple equations using the additive
and multiplicative inverse
8.5.4.1 Construct formula from given statement.
EQUATIONS AND 9.6.1.1 Change subject of the formula
INEQUATIONS 9.6.2.1 Solve equations and inequations in one
variable
9.6.2.2 Solve equations and Inequations in two
variables
9.6.2.3 Sketch the graph of Inequations and shade the
wanted region
9.6.3.1 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two
variables
9.6.4.1 Apply equations and inequations in real life

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 17

 MATRICES 9.8.1.1 Present data from real life in matrix form.
9.8.2.1 State order of matrices
9.8.3.1 Add and subtract matrices
9.8.3.2 Multiply a matrix by a scalar
9.8.3.3 Multiply matrices
9.8.4.1 Apply matrices in real life
SQUARE ROOTS AND CUBE 9.1.1.1 Describe the meaning of square root and its
ROOTS symbol
9.1.2.1 Describe the meaning of cube root and its
symbol
9.1.3.1 Find roots of Squares and Cubes
Numbers & Calculation

INTEGERS 8.2.1.1 Add and subtract integers without using the

number line.
8.2.1.2 Multiply and divide integers.
INDEX NOTATION 9.2.1.1 Interpret the positive and zero indices.
9.2.2.1 Apply the laws of indices
REAL NUMBERS 9.3.1.1 Identify Rational numbers
9.3.2.1 Identify Irrational numbers
SOCIAL & COMMERCIAL 8.6.1.1 Calculate simple and compound interest 9.7.1.1 Work out payments for piece work &
ARITHMETIC 8.6.2.1 Calculate utility bills, Bank and Postal work per hour
charges. 9.7.1.2 Compute deduction from salaries
8.6.3.1 Generate simple budget 9.7.1.3 Calculate over time
8.6.4.1 Calculate Insurance, premium, policy cover 9.7.2.1 Differentiate & calculate income tax and
8.6.5.1 Calculate cost of goods bought on hire value added tax
purchase 9.7.3.1 Calculate pension and compensation
9.7.4.1 Calculate depreciation and appreciation
NUMBER BASES 8.14.1.1 Convert from denary to bicimal numbers of
the form 1110.1, up to 3 ‘bicimal places.
8.14.1.2 Convert number in bicimal to base 10
8.14.2.1 Multiply and Divide numbers in base 2 and
base 5.

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 18

 APPROXIMATION & 8.3.1.1 Express numbers to given significant figure.
ESTIMATION 8.3.1.2 Estimate measures or quantities
8.3.1.3 Round-off numbers to specified degree of
accuracy.
8.3.2.1 Express numbers in scientific notation or
Measures

standard form.
8.3.2.2 Approximate numbers in scientific notation
to given degree of accuracy
8.3.3.2 Apply the concept of approximation in real
life
MENSURATION 8.10.1.2 Find the total surface area of cylinder and 9.9.1.1 Describe properties of interior & exterior
triangular prism angles of regular polygons
8.10.2.1 Calculate the volume of cylinder and 9.9.1.2 Calculate Interior and exterior angles of
triangular prism regular polygons.
8.10.3.1 Describe density 9.9.2.1 Describe irregular polygons
8.10.3.2 Calculate density of regular objects
PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM 9.4.1.1 Identify sides in the Right angled triangle
9.4.1.2 State the Pythagoras’ theorem
9.4.2.1 Solve real life problems involving
Pythagoras’ theorem
DIRECTIONS AND BEARINGS 9.5.1.1 Identify the cardinal points on the compass
Geometry

9.5.2.1 Find three figure bearings of one point from

another
CARTESIAN PLANE 8.7.1.1 Draw the XOY plane
8.7.1.2 Plot and read the ordered pair (x, y) on the
XOY plane
8.7.1.3 Join different points on the Cartesian plane
8.7.2.1 Graph straight lines
SOLID SHAPES 8.9.1.1 Identify cones and pyramids
8.9.1.2 Draw nets of cones and pyramids
8.9.1.3 Draw/sketch of cones and pyramids

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 19

 SIMILARITY & 9.10.1.1 Illustrate properties of different figures in
CONGRUENCY order to determine similarity
9.10.1.2 Establish conditions of similarity.
9.10.1.3 Solve problems involving similarity.
9.10.2.1 Illustrate properties of different figures in
order to determine congruency
9.10.2.2 Establish conditions of congruency
9.10.2.3 Solve problems involving congruency.
9.10.2.4 Use similarity and congruency to solve
problems in real life
ANGLES 8.11.1.1 Identify related angles
8.11.2.1 Find angles associated with straight lines
8.11.2.2 Find angles of elevation and depression
8.11.2.3 Solve problems related to real life
GEOMETRICAL 8.12.1.1 Construct 60O, 90 O angles using ruler and 9.11.1.1 Construct triangles, circum- circles and
CONSTRUCTION compass inscribed circles
8.12.1.2 Construct angle Bisectors using ruler and 9.11.2.1 Design patterns
compass
8.12.2.1 Use ruler and compass to construct parallel
lines
8.12.2.2 Construct perpendiculars using ruler and
compass
8.12.2.3 Relate geometrical construction to real life
problems
FUNCTIONS 8.8.1.1 Describe different types of relationships
8.8.2.1 Map functions to show relationship
Relations

8.8.2.2 Identify mappings from arrow diagrams.

8.8.2.3 Find the range of the function when domain
is given
8.8.3.1 Find a function given a set of ordered pairs.
8.8.4.1 Draw graphs of linear functions
8.8.4.2 Solve problems involving functions
RATIO & ROPORTION 8.4.1.1 Solve problems that involve ratio and
proportion

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 20

 PROBABILITY 9.12.1.1 Describe the meaning and importance of
probability
9.12.2.1 Determine outcomes of an experiment.
Probability &
Statistics
9.12.3.1 Demonstrate favourable and possible
outcomes
9.12.3.2 Interpret probability values.
STATISTICS 8.13.1.1 Identify methods of data collection
8.13.2.1 Present data on Histograms and frequency
polygons
8.13.2.2 Draw frequency tables of grouped data
8.13.2.3 Construct and interpret graphs of given
data
8.13.3.1 Find Mean for grouped and ungrouped data
8.13.4.1 Identify uses of statistics
COMPUTERS 8.15.1.1 Describe computer processes 9.13.1.1 Construct decision boxes
Computer

8.15.2.1 Construct flow charts 9.13.2.1 Identify and create loops in flow charts
9.13.3.1 Write simple computer programmes
9.13.3.2 Use simple programmes to calculate area,
volume, find averages and resolve linear
equation

Mathematics Grades 8 & 9 21