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AHMAD IBRAHIM SECONDARY SCHOOL

GCE-O LEVEL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2017
CHEMISTRY (SPA)

5073/02
SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS 7 August 2017
1 hour 45 min

NAME: …………………………………………………… ( ) CLASS : ……………

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not turn over this paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name, class and register number in the spaces at the top of this page and on any
writing papers used.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
You may use a calculator.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form of either/ or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

A copy of the Periodic Table is included on page 22.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

Section A

B09

B10

B11

TOTAL

________________________________________________________________________
This document consists of 22 printed pages.
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Section A (50 m)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

A1 Choose from the following equations to answer the questions below.

A Ag+ (aq) + I− (aq)  AgI (s)

B Ba2+ (aq) + SO42− (aq)  BaSO4 (s)

C CO32− (aq) + 2H+ (aq)  CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

D Cu (s)  Cu2+ (aq) + 2e−

E Cu2+ (aq) + 2e−  Cu (s)

F Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH− (aq)  Cu(OH)2 (s)

G Fe (s) + 2H+ (aq)  Fe2+ (aq) + H2 (g)

H H+ (aq) + OH− (aq)  H2O (l)

I 2I− (aq) + Br2 (aq)  I2 (aq) + 2Br− (aq)

J NH4+ (aq) + OH− (aq)  H2O (l) + NH3 (g)

K 4OH− (aq)  O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) + 4e−

Each equation can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Give the letter of an equation which

(a) shows the formation of gas that turns moist red litmus paper blue,

…………………………………………………

(b) shows a reaction that forms a white precipitate,

…………………………………………………

(c) shows only reduction,

…………………………………………………

(d) shows the neutralisation of dilute hydrochloric acid by aqueous sodium hydroxide,

…………………………………………………

(e) shows an ionic equation for the displacement reaction of halogen.

…………………………………………………

[Total: 5]
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A2 The following shows the reactions that compound A undergoes. It is known that
compound A is a hydrocarbon.

chlorine
H2, Ni catalyst ultraviolet light
B CH3CH2CH2Cl
A

steam, 300°C,
phosphoric acid

C CH3CH2COOH
potassium manganate(VII),
dilute sulfuric acid

(a) State the molecular formula of compound B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State the type of reaction that A undergoes to form C.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) Name and draw the structure of the organic product that is formed when C is
reacted with propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH.

Name: ………………………………

(d) Draw the structure of the polymer from compound A.

[Total: 5]
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A3 Parts of the structures of silicon dioxide and poly(ethene) are shown below.

(a) The melting point of silicon dioxide is 1610 °C.

Poly(ethene) starts to melt at 130 °C.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, the difference between the melting
points of these two substances.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………

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…………………………………………………………………………………………… [4]

(b) Poly(ethene) is made from ethene monomers.

Explain why ethene is both a hydrocarbon and an unsaturated compound.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
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(c) The polymer known as PVA is used in paints and adhesives. Its structural formula
is shown below.

Deduce the structure of this monomer.

[1]

[Total: 7]
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A4 (a) Lithium is a group I element. Statements 1 to 3, about the properties of lithium

compounds, are given below.

1 Lithium chloride is soluble in water.

2 Lithium chloride is covalent in character.
3 Lithium oxide dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH of more than 7.

(i) Which one of the statements does not describe the typical properties of
compounds of group I elements? Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to show that a solution contains chloride ions.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) Sodium is also a group I element. Put ticks (√ ) in the boxes below to show
whether the given statements about sodium is/are true or false.

True False

Sodium is made by reducing sodium oxide with carbon.

Sodium has an oxidation state of +1 in the compound

Na2O2.
[3]
Sodium only conducts electricity when molten.

[Total: 7]
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A5 A sample of black ink contains a mixture of red, blue and yellow dyes. Usually, the solvent
used to separate the dyes in black ink is a mixture of ethanol and water. The coloured
dyes have different Rf values in solvents with different compositions of ethanol as shown
in the graph below

(a) State the Rf value of blue dye on the chromatogram when the solvent is a mixture of [1]
32 cm3 of ethanol and 168 cm3 of water.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Using evidence from the graph, explain why a pure solvent of either water or ethanol
is not suitable for the separation of the black ink using paper chromatography.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
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(c) A student carried out chromatography on the black ink using a mixture of ethanol and
water as solvent. He discovered only one spot forming on the resulting
chromatogram. Using information from the graph, state the percentage of ethanol
where only one spot was formed and explain why he cannot conclude that the black
ink is pure.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

[Total: 6]

A6 The table below shows results from a laboratory investigation into the rate of the
decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide using manganese(IV) oxide catalyst.

Concentration of Initial Physical form Time to collect a

Expt. aqueous hydrogen temperature of the fixed volume of
peroxide/ mol/dm3 / oC catalyst oxygen gas/ s

A 0.1 20 Powder 200

B 0.1 30 Powder 115
C 0.1 40 Powder 60
D 0.2 20 Powder 100
E 0.3 20 Powder 65
F 0.4 20 Pellets 130
G 0.4 20 Powder 50

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place when
hydrogen peroxide decomposes.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(b) Which experiments (A to G) should be used to draw a graph to compare and show
the relationship between concentration of reactant and rate of reaction?
Explain briefly the reasons for your choice. (You are not required to draw a graph)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
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(c) Compare experiments F and G. Explain using kinetic particle theory, how the use of
different physical form of catalyst affects the rate of reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

(d) State another factor which is investigated in this experiment and explain in terms of
collision how it affects the rate of reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

[Total: 8]
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A7 When metal carbonates are heated, they decompose to produce carbon dioxide. An
investigation on the rate of decomposition of carbonates was carried out and the results
are shown in the graph. In each experiment, 0.10 mole of carbonate was heated to the
same temperature. The volume of carbon dioxide produced was measured every minute.

(a) Suggest why the rate of decomposition was very slow at the start of the reaction. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) How could you tell from the graphs that the decomposition of carbonates was not
complete?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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(c) Describe and explain, with reference to the graph, how the volume of carbon dioxide
produced in the decomposition of metal carbonate is affected by the reactivity of the
metals.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]

[Total: 5]

A8 Carbon monoxide is used to make phosgene, COCl2, which is an important reactant in

industries to make polymers, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Phosgene was first made in 1812 by using a photochemical reaction in which a mixture of
carbon monoxide and chlorine was exposed to bright sunlight. This reaction is exothermic.

(a) (i) Suggest what a photochemical reaction is.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond making, why the formation of
phosgene is an exothermic reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
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(iii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the decomposition of phosgene

On your diagram, label the activation energy for the reaction.

Energy

[2]
Progress of Reaction

(b) It has been determined that phosgene melts at –118 oC and boils at 8 oC.

Describe the arrangement and movement of the molecules of phosgene when the
temperature decreases from –108 oC to –128 oC.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

[Total: 7]
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Section B [30 marks]

Answer all three questions from this section. The first two questions are compulsory.
The last question is in the form of either/ or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.

B9 Read the following information on hard water and answer the following questions.

What is hard water?

Hard water contains calcium ions which get into water when rainwater containing dissolved
carbon dioxide reacts with limestone to form calcium hydrogencarbonate solution.

CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (aq) + H2O (l)  Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Hard water and soap

Soap typically contains sodium stearate, C17H35COONa. Soap only works when stearate
ions are in solution. The calcium ions present in hard
water removes the stearate ions in a precipitation
reaction forming a white scum. A lather will not form
until all the calcium ions in hard water have reacted with
the stearate ions to form scum. In hard water areas, this
involves wasting lots of soap as well as the
unpleasantness of washing in water with a thick layer of
scum on it.

Problems caused by limescale formed by hard water

Besides the formation of scum, hard water also forms limescale (calcium carbonate) when it
is heated. Limescale can eventually block pipes and leads to a waste of energy. Limescale
coating the heating element in an electric kettle slows transfer of heat to the water.
Limescale can be removed by using
descalers or vinegar.

Removing ions that cause hard water

Hardwater can be softened by addition of

washing soda which contains sodium
carbonate. The water is then filtered to obtain
soft water.

Domestic water softeners consist of small

beads of ion exchange resin packed into a
container. The hard water flows through this
and comes out at the other end as soft water.

The ion exchange resin exchanges other

positive ions for sodium ions. The resin is a
complex lattice with sodium ions attached to
it. Calcium ions in hard water stick to the
lattice and the sodium ions are washed off.

Some ion exchange resins replace both

positive and negative ions with hydrogen and
hydroxide ions. The water emerging from such resins is known as deionised water.
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(a) The chemical formula of sodium stearate in soap is C17H35COONa. What is the
chemical formula of the white scum, calcium stearate?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) In terms of bonding and structure, explain why limescale is a poor conductor of
electricity at room temperature and pressure.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

(c) Explain why vinegar can be used in place of descalers to remove limescale in a kettle.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(d) Hardness of water can be tested by

adding soap solution, drop by drop, to a
known volume of water sample as
shown in the diagram. The water is
shaken vigorously after each addition to
check for the formation of lather. The
volume of soap solution needed to form
the lather is recorded.

The table below shows results for this

experiment on two samples of water.

Water Volume of soap / cm3

Sample A 1.7

Sample B 4.3

In terms of ions present, explain which sample contains higher hardness of water.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
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(e) Explain how the addition of sodium carbonate can remove the ions that cause hard
water.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(f) When all the sodium ions in the resin have been used up, the domestic water softener
will stop working and needs to be regenerated.
Describe a simple chemical test that can be carried out to determine that the water
softener has stopped working.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

[Total:12]
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B10 The diagram below shows an experimental set-up for the reaction between dilute sulfuric
acid and calcium hydroxide solution.

1.50 mol/dm3 of dilute sulfuric acid is placed in the burette. It is then titrated, about 1 cm3
one at a time, into 0.020 mol/dm3 of calcium hydroxide solution which contains a few drops
of screened methyl orange indicator.

The graph shows the reading of the voltmeter recorded throughout this experiment.
The power supply is turned on for one minute before titration is started.
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(a) Why does the voltmeter show a voltage of 1.5 V before titration is started?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) Explain why the voltmeter reading starts to decrease when sulfuric acid is titrated into
calcium hydroxide solution.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(c) (i) Explain for the voltmeter reading becomes zero.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Hence, state one observation that can be seen in the beaker when the voltage is
zero.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(d) Calculate the number of moles of hydroxide ions dissociated from calcium hydroxide
solution before the start of titration.

[3]

[Total: 8]
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Either
B11 Aqueous copper(II) sulfate was electrolysed in different cells using two different electrodes
as in the diagram below.

(a) Write ionic equations, with state symbols, for the reaction that takes place at the
anode of each cell.

Cell 1: ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Cell 2: …………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(b) For each of the following, describe one change that you would see happening at the
electrode(s):

(i) in both cells,

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) in Cell 1 but not in Cell 2,

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(iii) in Cell 2 but not in Cell 1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(c) Compare the difference in the electrolyte formed in each cell. Explain the differences
in terms of composition, concentration, and pH changes, where applicable.

In Cell 1: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

In Cell 2: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4]
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(d) In Cell 2, the student weighs the copper electrodes before and after the electrolysis.
The results are shown in the table below.

Mass of cathode Mass of anode

before /g after / g before /g after / g
1.20 1.44 1.45 ?

Determine the mass of the anode at the end of the electrolysis.

[1]

[Total:10]
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Or
B11 The following list shows how long ago some metals were discovered.

Aluminium 165 years ago

Copper 7000 years ago
Gold 10000 years ago
Iron 3000 years ago
Lead 7000 years ago
Magnesium 135 years ago
Sodium 95 years ago
zinc 2000 years ago

(a) Describe the relationship between the position of a metal in the reactivity series
and when it was discovered. Suggest an explanation for this relationship.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

(b) In an experiment, hydrogen gas was passed over equal masses of three heated
metal oxides in identical porcelain boats as shown in the diagram.

(i) The heat source is turned off when no more change is observed in the
porcelain boats. However, the hydrogen is kept flowing until the tube is cold.
What is the reason for this?

……………………………………………………………………………………......

……………………………………………………………………………………...... [1]
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(ii) The table shows some data from this experiment.

at the start of the at the end of the

experiment experiment

mass of empty porcelain boat / g 16.35 16.35

mass of porcelain boat 2 and its

22.35 22.35
contents / g
mass of porcelain boat 3 and its
22.35 20.55
contents / g

Explain how data from the table shows that X is above Y in the reactivity
series.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

.………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

(iii) Using information from the diagram and the table, calculate the relative
atomic mass of Y.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

.………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

[Total:10]
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