Fully Automated Lawn Mower

Ubaid Ullah Arshad Basit Rohan Javaid Farid Sajjad Malik

Department of Electrical & Department of Electrical & Department of Electrical &
Computer Engineering Computer Engineering Computer Engineering
COMSATS University Islamabad COMSATS University Islamabad COMSATS University Islamabad
Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— The lawn mower, a device with rotating blades, A fully automatic robotic lawnmower, also known as a
maintains a uniform height for the grass. It can be run by robotic lawn mower, is a sophisticated machine that cuts
combustion engines, electricity, or by hand. Small household grass independently and autonomously to keep your lawn in
mowers to massive riding or multi-gang mowers for expansive perfect condition. Powered by a rechargeable battery, it uses
areas like golf courses—mowers come in all shapes and sizes. a combination of advanced sensors, artificial intelligence
However, technological advancements are causing a trend algorithms and precision cutting blades to move and mow
towards automatic electric mowers, which could eventually your lawn with minimal human intervention. One of the
outsell conventional sales. The idea of the lawn mower emerged main benefits of a fully automatic robotic lawn mower is that
in the 19th century with the usage of animals like cows or
it saves homeowners valuable time and effort. Unlike
buffaloes to pull the grass cutters. These animals could only
work for short durations, so people started relying less on them
traditional lawn mowers, these robots require no physical
and more on creating machines. This was the first of many effort from the user. Once set up and programmed, it can
other types of lawn mowers that will be created over time. work tirelessly day and night, keeping your lawn looking
These mowers were first driven or guided manually, requiring pristine without the need for manual intervention. The
human effort. But as technology has developed, the world of technology behind these robotic lawn mowers is simply
lawn mowing has changed. Modern lawn mowers come with impressive. Equipped with various sensors such as sonar,
autonomous capabilities that let them function on their own. infrared, and perimeter, it can accurately detect obstacles and
The incorporation of sensors, such as rain sensors, light avoid obstacles to avoid potential hazards such as trees,
sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared sensors, enables this flowerbeds, and garden decorations. Additionally, most
automation. These sensors have helped modern lawn mowers models are equipped with rain sensors so they can return to
become smarter and more effective. For instance, the mower the charging station and wait for weather conditions to
can detect moisture levels and modify its operation thanks to improve before resuming missions[1].
rain sensors. The grass can be divided into regions that need
more or less attention using light sensors. Ultrasonic sensors Additionally, these smart robots offer a high degree of
help in obstacle recognition to avoid running into things or customization for different lawn sizes and shapes.
people. Improved navigation capabilities are made possible by Homeowners can use boundaries and virtual perimeter
infrared sensors, allowing the mower to follow predetermined settings to define the exact area the robot will mow, ensuring
pathways or avoid particular locations. The trend towards it stays within the desired perimeter. This flexibility allows
automatic electric mowers is gaining traction as technology the robot to adapt to different lawn layouts and contours,
develops. These cutting-edge devices provide benefits for the ensuring even and consistent cuts across the entire surface.
environment, ease, and accuracy. Automatic lawn mowers can
easily maintain tiny residential lawns or cover vast areas on Safety is a top priority when developing a fully automatic
golf courses and city parks thanks to their autonomy. Given robotic lawnmower. Equipped with advanced safety features
these improvements, it is predicted that in some areas, sales of to prevent accidents and injuries. For example, when the
automatic lawn mowers may eventually surpass those of robot is lifted off the ground, the cutting blade automatically
traditional mowers. This change is a result of people's stops rotating, reducing the risk of cuts and lacerations.
increasing demand for mobile and automated lawn care Additionally, many models require her PIN code for
solutions. As a result, the chore of maintaining well-kept lawns operation, minimizing the risk of fraud or tampering. In
is expected to become increasingly streamlined and simplified terms of environmental impact, robotic lawn mowers are
by advanced technology and intelligent systems in the future of often greener than traditional lawn mowers. They are
lawn mowing. normally powered by electricity and cause no direct exhaust
or noise pollution. The energy efficient design and ability to
Keywords— automation, lawn mowing, robots, technology, mow accurately and methodically also help reduce overall
human ease, environment
energy consumption. In addition, some models use mulching
technology. It breaks grass clippings into fine particles and
I. INTRODUCTION redistributes them over the lawn, acting as a natural fertilizer
In recent years, technological advances have and promoting healthier grass growth[2].
revolutionized many aspects of our lives, and the field of
lawn care is no exception. Gone are the days when
homeowners had to push heavy mowers for hours in the hot
sun or worry about hiring expensive landscapers to care for
their lawns. The advent of fully automatic robotic
lawnmowers has ushered in a new era of convenience and
Fig. 1: Husqvarna Automower 550©
efficiency in lawn care.
 A fully automatic robotic lawnmower definitely has III. TESTING AND EVALUATION
many advantages, but it's important to note that this is not a
one-size-fits-all solution. Factors such as lawn size, terrain, Testing and evaluation are critical stages in the
and budget should be considered when choosing the best development and implementation of fully automated lawn
model. Additionally, regular maintenance and adjustments mower robots. These stages involve rigorous assessments to
may be required to ensure optimal performance. ensure that the robots perform optimally, meet safety
standards, and deliver the expected results. This section
II. METHODOLOGY outlines a comprehensive testing and evaluation process for
Fully automated lawn mower robot development and these advanced machines.
deployment require a thorough process that covers a range A. Functional Testing:
of phases, from design and engineering through
programming and maintenance. This section describes a Functional testing entails making sure that all of the fully
typical process for building and using such sophisticated autonomous lawn mower robot's parts and subsystems
machines. operate as planned. This entails putting the cutting blades,
A. Research and Design: sensors, navigation system, and safety measures to the test.
Engineers test the robot to make sure it starts and stops
The first step in developing a fully automatic robotic properly, appropriately adjusts cutting height, and reliably
lawnmower requires thorough research and design. recognizes impediments and boundaries. The robot's
Engineers and designers study existing markets, analyze user proficiency at navigating various terrains, slopes, and
needs and preferences, and identify technological advances weather conditions is also tested functionally.
in this area. This research will help you understand your
target audience, market trends and competition, enabling B. Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance:
your design team to envision and create robots that meet It is essential to assess the fully automated lawn mower
their needs and exceed their users' expectations. robot's navigational abilities and obstacle avoidance systems.
B. Component Selection and Integration: The robot is put through tests to see how well it can
maneuver around intricate lawn designs, avoid hazards like
After the design is complete, the next step is to choose trees, rocks, or toys, and detect and react appropriately to
the right parts for the robot. Choosing the appropriate boundary lines or virtual boundaries. To ensure dependable
sensors, motors, batteries, cutting blades, and other crucial and precise functioning, the robot's performance in terms of
components falls under this category. The performance, path planning, collision avoidance, and adherence to
dependability, longevity, and compatibility of each predetermined mowing zones is evaluated[4].
component are all carefully considered. For the robot to
operate flawlessly and perform at its best, these parts must C. Cutting Efficiency and Precision:
be integrated into a cohesive system.
A completely automated lawn mower robot's main goal is
C. Sensor Systems and Navigation: to do precise and effective mowing. The robot's capacity to
keep a constant cutting height, evenly trim grass across the
Advanced sensing systems are used by fully automated entire mowing area, and handle diverse grass types and
lawn mower robots to navigate and avoid obstacles. The lengths are all factors that go into evaluating the cutting
robot's design incorporates sensors including ultrasonic, efficiency and precision. In order to guarantee that the grass
infrared, and boundary detecting devices. These sensors is chopped uniformly and at the required length, the robot's
give the robot vital information about its surroundings, cutting pattern, blade speed, and coverage are scrutinized[5].
allowing it to recognise impediments, change its trajectory,
and keep the appropriate mowing patterns. Additionally, D. Market Trend:
GPS or comparable technology can be used to improve
The need for easy and time-saving lawn management
navigational accuracy and facilitate effective mapping of the solutions has resulted in a rise in the market for fully
mowing area. autonomous lawn mowers. This expansion has been
D. Programming and Algorithms: influenced by elements like the use of smart home
technologies, environmental awareness, and the need for
Fully automated lawn mower robots operate simple maintenance. As more households become aware of
autonomously thanks in large part to the software the advantages, fully autonomous lawn mowers are
component. Algorithms are created by skilled programmers anticipated to become more and more popular[6][7].
that enable the robot to decipher sensor data, make wise
choices, and go across the mowing area quickly. These
algorithms cover path planning, boundary detection,
obstacle avoidance, and safety procedures. The necessary
functionalities are implemented using programming
languages like C++, Python, or manufacturer-specific
proprietary languages[3].

Fig. 2: Robotic Lawn Mower Market Size (2017-2028) USD

E. Safety Testing: B. Improved Lawn Health:

Robotic lawn mowers that are totally automated must The health and welfare of the grass are also impacted by
prioritise safety. The robot's safety measures, such as the use of fully automated lawn mower robots. These robots'
automatic blade stop mechanisms, are tested to make sure regular and level cutting results in healthier grass growth.
they work properly. Lifting or tilting the robot to imitate The robots minimize scalping and stress on the grass by
potential dangers and checking that the cutting blades stop cutting it at a constant height, which promotes the
spinning right away to prevent injuries are part of this development of stronger root systems. In addition, the
process. In order to make sure that the robot can only be distributed, finely chopped grass clippings serve as a natural
controlled by authorised individuals, safety precautions like mulch, supplying vital nutrients and preserving moisture. As
PIN code authorisation and child-lock functionalities. a result, the soil is healthier, weed growth is decreased, and
the lawn is greener and more vivid.
F. User Experience and Interface Evaluation:
C. Reduction in Manual Labour:
Fully automated lawn mower robots' user interface and
experience are assessed to make sure they are simple to use, The removal of manual labour typically associated with
intuitive, and easy to understand. User testing is done to grass upkeep is one of the key benefits of fully automated
evaluate how simple it is to set up initially, programme lawn mower robots. Homeowners are no longer need to
mowing schedules, change settings, and retrieve spend time and energy mowing their lawns, driving bulky
maintenance data. Feedback is gathered to find any areas machinery, or carrying out laborious duties. The
that could use improvement to make sure that the interface autonomous mowing tasks performed by the robots relieve
satisfies the requirements of wide range of users[8]. homeowners of these taxing activities and lessen the
physical strain brought on by manual labour.
G. Battery and Power Management:
D. Environmental Benefits:
The fully automated lawn mower robot's battery life and
power management abilities are crucial to both its operation Robotic lawn mowers that operate entirely automatically
and user happiness. The robot's battery life is tested under benefit the environment. In comparison to gas-powered
realistic lawn-mowing scenarios. Examining the robot's mowers, many models run on electricity, which reduces
energy usage while mowing, charging timings, and direct emissions and noise pollution. The precision mowing
propensity to return to the charging station on its own when patterns and energy-efficient construction also reduce total
the battery is running low are all part of this process. Robot energy use. Mulching technology is also used by some
battery life should be long enough to function properly. robots, which lessens the demand for synthetic fertilisers.
Homeowners can lessen their carbon footprint and support a
IV. REULTS more sustainable world by using this eco-friendly strategy.

The use of fully autonomous lawn mower robots has E. Long-Term Cost Savings:
produced notable results and transformed how homeowners
maintain their yards. These cutting-edge machines have Fully automated lawn mower robots may cost more up
demonstrated their worth and produced a wide range of front than conventional lawn mowers, but they end up
advantageous results. The effects and outcomes of fully saving a lot of money over time. These robots run on
autonomous lawn mower robots are thoroughly examined in electricity, which eliminates the need to buy fuel or petrol.
this section[9]. Long-term cost reductions are also a result of the decreased
need for professional landscaping services and the
A. Time Saving and Convenience: prevention of lawn damage from poor mowing methods[10].

The significant time that homeowners save as a result of V. CONCLUSION

fully autonomous lawn mower robots is one of the most
In conclusion, fully automatic lawn mower robots have
noticeable outcomes. Homeowners may rely on these robots
completely changed how homeowners maintain their lawns.
to independently manage their lawns rather than spending
These cutting-edge devices provide a wide range of
hours pushing heavy lawn mowers or organizing expert
advantages, such as time savings, convenience, greater lawn
landscaping services. Homeowners may take back their time
health, and less physical labour. The robots provide precise
thanks to autonomous operation, concentrate on other
and consistent cuts, encourage deeper root growth, and help
things, or just unwind and take part in their hobbies.
the lawn become greener and more vivid. These robots
provide homeowners a hassle-free way to take care of their
lawns thanks to their adaptable options, safety features, and
simplicity of use. Fully autonomous lawn mower robots also
provide long-term cost savings and environmental
advantages including less emissions and noise pollution. As
technology develops, we can anticipate more advancements
in the capabilities and features of these robotic assistants,
which will make them a more alluring alternative for
Fig. 3: Global Robotic Lawn Mower Market Share
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Supervised By:
Name: Ma’am Asma Jadoon

Signature: _______________

Group Head:
Name: Ubaid Ullah Arshad

Signature: _______________