Chemrj 2016 01 04 84 89
Chemrj 2016 01 04 84 89
Chemrj 2016 01 04 84 89
ISSN: 2455-8990
Research Article CODEN(USA): CRJHA5
Department of Chemistry Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Rivers State,
Nigeria
Abstract The in-vitro antimalarial activity of ethanoic and aqueous extracts of Millettia aboensis leaves locally
called Atamono was investigated. Organic and aqueous extracts of Millettia Aboensis leaves extracts were tested for
their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasite infected whole blood samples with ++ parasite
count. The ethanoic and aqueous leaves extracts exhibit high chemosupression of the P. falciparum infected blood
samples. The presence of phytochemcials especially alkaloids were responsible for the antimalarial activity of the
plant. The result showed that both ethanoic and aqueous leaves extracts of Millettia aboensis demonstrated
promising antimalarial activity and there is potential for isolation of lead compounds from their extracts.
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Orlu HA & Symes SD Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(4):84-89
character with potential health benefit. They are known to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular system and have
a role in the prevention of neurodegenerative disease and diabetes mellitus [7].
In many population affected by malaria, conventional drugs are often unaffordable or inaccessible. Following the
resistance of malaria parasite to existing malaria drugs, the need for research to discover new drugs to combat
malaria is essential. As an alternative, medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat malaria. This study aims to
determine antimalarial activity of the leaves of Millettia aboensis in ethanol and aqueous extracts.
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Orlu HA & Symes SD Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(4):84-89
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Orlu HA & Symes SD Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(4):84-89
Table 2: Percentage (%) Yield of Ethanoic and Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis
Millettia aboensis Weight (g)
Ethanoic Aqueous
Leaf powder 145 145
Extract 49 52
Extract yield (%) 33.79 35.86
The results for the in-vitro antimalarial analysis of aqueous and ethanoic leaves extracts of Milletia aboensis are
presented. Leishman stain Field stain A and B were used to in fixing the slides, the features of the plasmodium
parasite infected blood cells were very distinct when viewed under the oil immersion x1000 magnification. Figures 2
and 3 show the images of parasitized blood cells with Leishman stain and field stain respectively.
Figure 3: P. falciparium parasitized blood cell fixed with field stain A and B
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Orlu HA & Symes SD Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(4):84-89
The field stain lyses the red blood cells and projects the parasites. On the other hand, the Leishman stain keeps the
walls of the red blood cell intact still allowing us to see the red parasitized cells
All blood samples used were confirmed to be Plasmodium falciparum infected up to ++. Sample A was used as the
blank and control with 0.05ml normal saline added to the sample for the aqueous extract. Water could not be added
because the presence of water may lyse the red blood cells before smearing and render the sample invalid. Table 3
shows that the Plasmodium parasite count was cleared and negative (-) upon the addition of 0.05 ml of aqueous
extracts to 0.5ml to each of samples 1A, 2A, and 3A. When a lesser volume was added, (0.02 ml) the parasite count
was not properly cleared (+). This indicates that the aqueous extract at 0.5ml was effective in destroying the
parasites present in the blood sample.
LS FS
Figure 4: Sample IA
Sample E was used as the blank with 0.05 ml ethanol added to the blood sample. The addition of 0.05 ml of ethanol
did not lyse or destroy the plasmodium parasites present in the blood sample this indicates that the solvent ethanol
did not any effect on the parasite. The plasmodium parasite count was also cleared and negative (-) upon the
addition of 0.5 ml of ethanoic extracts to 0.5 ml of sample 1E, 2E, and 3E. When a lesser volume was added to
sample 4E, (0.02 ml) the parasite count was not properly cleared as such the parasite count reduced to +. This
indicates that the ethanoic extract at 0.05 ml was effective in killing the parasites present in the blood sample. Table
4 shows the result of ethanoic extract on the Plasmodium falciparum parasite.
Table 4: Ethanoic Extract on Plasmodium falciparum Parasite
Sample Whole blood (ml) Ethanol extract (ml) Reaction
1E 0.5 0.05 _
2E 0.5 0.05 _
3E 0.5 0.05 _
4E 0.5 0.02 +
E 0.5 0.00 ++
Conclusion
This study has shown that ethanoic and aqueous extracts of millettia aboensis killed the Plasmodium falciparum in
the blood samples. Indeed, aqueous and ethanoic extracts of Millettia aboensis had chemosuppression on the
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Orlu HA & Symes SD Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(4):84-89
plasmodium parasites indicating a good antimalarial activity. The presence of phytochemicals especially alkaloid
affords its antimalarial activities (which is present in chloroquine, an antimalarial drug), tannins, saponin their active
constituents may be potential candidates with therapeutic value in the treatment of malaria. It is recommended that
further research for the isolation of the actual alkaloid responsible for the antimalarial activity should be carried out.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Mr. Ollor A. of Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Science and
Technology for his contributions and support that led to the completion of this study.
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