BS EN ISO 23999:2021

Resilient floor coverings - Determination

of dimensional stability and curling
after exposure to heat

bsi.
Copyright British Standards Institution
 BS EN ISO 23999:2021 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23999:2021.

It is identical to ISO 23999:2021. It supersedes BS EN ISO 23999:2018,
which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

Committee PRI/60, Resilient and Laminate Floor Coverings.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no

representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or
implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be
accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or
reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and
liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the

recipient's own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with

respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are

responsible for its correct application.

©The British Standards Institution 2021

Published by BSI Standards Limited 2021

ISBN 978 0 539 04913 8

ICS 97.150

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2021.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

Copyright British Standards Institution

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 23999
NORME EUROPEENNE

EUROPAISCHE NORM November 2021

JCS 97.150 Supersedes EN ISO 23999:2018

English Version

Resilient floor coverings - Determination of

dimensional stability and curling after exposure to heat
(ISO 23999:2021)

Revetements de sol resilients - Determination Elastische Bodenbelage - Bestimmung

de la stabilite dimensionnelle et de l'incurvation der Maganderung und Schiisselung nach
apres exposition a la chaleur (ISO 23999:2021) Warmeeinwirkung (ISO 23999:2021)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 September 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de Ia Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 23999:2021: E
worldwide for CEN national Members

Copyright British Standards Institution

 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
EN ISO 23999:2021 (E)

European foreword

This document ( EN ISO 23999:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 219 "Floor
coverings" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 134 "Resilient, textile, laminate and
modular mechanical locked floor coverings" the secretariat of which is held by NBN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2022.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN ISO 23999:2018.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users' national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic
of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 23999:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23999:2021 without any modification.

Copyright Jish Standards Institution

 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
4.1 Dimensional stability ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4.2 Curling ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
5 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Oven .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.2 Support plates .................................................................................. ........................................................................................................ 2
5.3 Measuring device .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.3.1 Measuring equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.3.2 Micrometer ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.3.3 Rigid plate .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.3.4 Square template ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5.3.5 Block and dial gauge (appropriate for tile or plank size to be measured) ..................... 3
5.3.6 Calibrated shim or spacer block ......................................................................................................................... 4
5.4 Scoring device .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6 Test specimens ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................... 6
6.2 Plank width ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
7 Conditioning .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
8 Test procedure ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
8.1 Test specimen preparation ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.2 Initial measurement ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.2.1 Curling ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.2.2 Linear dimensions .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Heat exposure .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.4 Reconditioning ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
8.5 Final measurement. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
8.5.1 General.. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.5.2 Curling ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.5.3 Linear dimensions .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
9 Calculation and expression of results ............................................................................................................................................. 9
9.1 For curling ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9.2 For dimensional stability ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
9.3 For linear dimensions .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
10 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Annex A (informative) Measurement of size change due to heat.... .... ..... ....... .... .......
.... ....... .. ....... ....... .......
.. ...... ... .. ....... 12
.. ..

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies ( ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.
orgjiso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 219, Floor coverings, in collaboration with
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 134, Resilient, textile
and laminate floor coverings, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement) .

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition ( ISO 23999:2018), which has been
technically revised.

The main changes are as follows:

cross-references within the document have been updated;

update to the dimensional stability and curling calculation sections of the method;

update of Annex A with more detailed calculation.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user's national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021

IN TERN ATION AL STAN DARD ISO 23999:2021

Resilient floor coverings - Determination of dimensional

stability and curling after exposure to heat

1 Scope

This document specifies a method for determining dimensional stability and curling of resilient floor
coverings, in the form of sheets, tiles or planks after exposure to heat.

2 Normative references

There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

3.1
dimensional stability
ability of a resilient floor covering to retain its original dimensions after exposure to heat, under
specified conditions

3.2
curling
vertical deformation appearing on the specimen after exposure to a heat treatment, under
specified conditions

3.3
domed material
area of specimen that does not lie flat against support plate when centred

4 Principle

4.1 Dimensional stability

The relative change in distance between marks or a specific location on a test specimen is measured
before and after exposure to a heat treatment, under specified conditions. In the case of tiles and planks,
measurements may be made using a block and dial gauge assembly.

4.2 Curling

The vertical deformations are measured in the test specimen after the specified heat treatment.

Test specimens are placed in an oven at an elevated temperature, after which curling and dimensional
stability are determined. In the case of domed material or where material exhibits negative curling,
turn the test specimen over to measure inverted or with the back of the sample facing up. Measure
curling and mark appropriately as negative curling.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

5 Apparatus

5.1 O ven

The oven shall be thermostatically controlled and ventilated, capable of being maintained at a uniform
temperature of 80 °C± 2 °C. If a temperature setting other than 80 °C is utilized, mark the test sheet as
appropriate and verify the oven's capability to maintain a uniform temperature set point.

In operation, ensure that radiation from the heating element does not directly reach the test specimens
or support plates.

5.2 Support plates

The support plates shall be of metal, e.g. aluminium or stainless steel, of dimensions larger than the test
specimen and not less than 1,5 mm in thickness. Ensure that the support plates are kept smooth and
polished so that surface friction does not interfere with free shrinkage or growth of the test specimens.
The plates shall be flat and free of convex or concave distortion and fully support the sample (e.g. a wire
rack support plate is not acceptable.).

The shapes and dimensions of the apparatus specified in 5.1 and .52 shall be such that:

a) curling can be measured without removing the test specimens from the support plates, except in
the case of domed material or where material exhibits negative curling;

b) the distance between the plates and the vertical walls of the oven shall be more than SO mm;

c) the vertical distance between the support plates and between the plates and the oven shall be more
than 100 mm.

5.3 Measuring device

5.3.1 Measuring equipment

The measuring equipment for sheet, tile and plank products, shall preferably be an optical bench for
non-contact dimensional stability measurements or block and dial gauge apparatus, see examples
shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 and Figure 4. The equipment shall have a range of at least 200 mm and a
precision of± 0,02 mm. For many types of optical benches, ensure that the test specimen is properly
seated against the base horizontal index guide when a specific measurement is being taken. Test
specimens with concave or convex edges can be read incorrectly.

5.3.2 Micrometer

For sheet, tile or plank ( partial) specimens, the micrometer shall be pillar-mounted drop gauge device.
Alternative measurement systems may be used provided they are accurate to at least 0,1 mm e.g.
feeler gauges.

5.3.3 Rigid plate

For sheet or tile test specimens, a rigid plate of steel, squared and finished, of dimensions
240 mm x 240 mm with holes for the scores (see Figure 1) shall be used. For planks, especially more
rigid planks, the preferred method to measure dimensional stability is with a block and dial set-up,
although a rigid plate set-up can be utilized.

5.3.4 Square template

For sheet or tile specimens, a square or rectangular template, of side 610 mm, 508 mm, 305 mm or
229 mm for example, shall be used.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Dimensions in millimetres

0 0

I �
c)
20 200 0
N
-s.

Figure 1 - Rigid steel plate example

5.3.5 Block and dial gauge (appropriate for tile or plank size to be measured)

For tile or plank (partial) test specimens only, a block and dial gauge as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 or
Figure 4 examples, shall be used.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Dimensions in millimetres
1

',��
I "
------

\
�f ---�-
I \
___

G
d

" \ I
",
1�--------�--------T I

"-, \\ I
"" I
\ I
, \
" I
", \ I
4
" I
\
�------\-----_J
I " \ I
\ I
I "
� ___ _:,
\
____ I
I
I " \
I "" I
\ I .,...._---+-�--+-
2 I , \
" I
\ I
"" \
\ I
"-, \ I
" \
"

0
VI

3
Key
1 edge 1 Ai template 610 mm x 610 mm
2 edge 2 Az template 508 mm x 508 mm

3 edge 3 A3 template 305 mm x 305 mm

4 edge4 A4 template 229 mm x 229 mm

a Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edge.

b Within the central 10 % of the tile edge.
c Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edge.
ct Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edge.

Figure 2 - Example apparatus for measuring tile side length, straightness and squareness

5.3.6 Calibrated shim or spacer block

The calibrated shim or spacer block allows to measure plank width differences utilizing the block and
dial gauge apparatus.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Key
a dial micrometer e example plank, e.g.152,4 mm x 609,6 mm
b dial micrometer example plank, e.g. 4572
, mm x 609,6 mm
c dial micrometer
d dial micrometer

Figure 3 - Example shim block/plank measurement set-up - width

�a

Key
a dial micrometer e example plank
b dial micrometer
c dial micrometer
d dial micrometer

Figure 4 - Example plank measurement set-up - length

5.4 Scoring device

A scoring device, e.g. a single edge razor blade, scalpel or scribe point, can be used.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

6 Test specimens

6.1 General

For sheet material, before cutting the test specimens, lay out the product as flat as possible and mark
the direction of manufacture.

Cut out three, nominal 240 mm square test specimens, at equal distance, from the sample material (see
Figure 5). The distance between the outer edge of the sample and nearest edge of the test specimen
shall be at least 100 mm. The test specimen edges shall be parallel/transverse to the direction of
manufacture.

Dimensions in millimetres

D
�100 240

Key
b total width

Figure 5 - Cutting of test specimens from sheet or roll product

6.2 Plank width

Specimen(s) shall have sufficient width to permit use of a minimum of two micrometers when taking
measurements (see Figure 4).

For tiles and planks, remove product from package, discard top and bottom tile or plank, spread them
out, then randomly select three test specimens. The direction of manufacture shall, if possible, be
marked on each test specimen. Tiles and planks, if less than 610 mm in width and or length, should
be tested as manufactured. If testing samples have profiled edges, it can be easier to cut the profiled
edging off, making sure to achieve clean, straight and squared cut edges for testing purposes. Make
every effort to not distort or excessively stress samples during cutting process. For tiles and/or planks
longer and/or wider than 610 mm, the dimension(s) over 610 mm shall be cut down to 610 mm for
testing using this method. Take precaution to achieve a clean, straight cut if testing using a block and
dial gauge set-up.

7 Conditioning

Condition the test specimens on a flat surface, such as a table surface, to ensure that they are in contact
with the support plate uniformly during the measurements.

Condition the test specimens at a temperature of 23 °C± 2 °C and relative humidity of SO %± 5 % for a
minimum of 24 h.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

8 Test procedure

8.1 Test specimen preparation

Make eight scores (.5...3., 5.4) on each sheet or tile test specimen approximately 20 mm from the edges.
Make four scores in each direction to form four crosses (see Figure 6). If utilized for planks, a different
spacing is required for width.

Mark the two reference points for measurement on the top of the test specimen and measure, with the
wear surface up, on the block and the optical bench assembly (5.3.1), to ensure that any embossing
along the edge of the test specimen wear surface does not affect the measurements.

To make the scores more easily visible, the scores may be marked with a solution of dye in aqueous
alcohol (e.g. whiteboard marker or equivalent).

For specimens using block and dial measurement apparatus, specimens shall be or cut to be a specific
size. Make sure edges are smooth and clean.

Place each test specimen on a support plate (5.2) with its surface facing upward. Condition the test
specimen (see Clause 7).

Dimensions in millimetres

+ +

+ -f-

20 200
- ::: ::

Figure 6 - Scoring of test specimens

8.2 Initial measurement

8.2.1 Curling

There are two basic ways to measure curl:

a) use feeler gauges and measure the gap between the bottom of the product, and the surface of the
support plate; or

b) use a pillar mounted drop gauge to measure height of the specimen above the support surface then
subtract the thickness of the product.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

If using a drop gauge, measure the vertical distance between the support plate (5.2) and the top surface
of the test specimen in four places around the edge (usually the corners), where the distance is greatest.
Carry out the measurements with the micrometer (.5.32).

If using a feeler gauge to measure curling, the same measurement locations would apply but
measurements would be the gap between the surface support and the bottom of the product. Mark or
note measurement location for specimen 1. Repeat for specimens 2 and 3.

Some samples may exhibit initial curling after conditioning but prior to specimen seeing test
exposure conditions.

Measure curling for specimen 1 and record the highest curling value for each side (sides a, b, c and d).
Repeat for specimens 2 and 3.

CAUTION - When handling test specimens and making measurements, to avoid distortion, do
not apply undue force to the test specimen.

8.2.2 Linear dimensions

On each test specimen, determine the length of four measurement sections: two in the manufacturing
direction ( MD) of the flooring material and two in the across-manufacturing direction (AMO).

Put the rigid plate (5.3.3) on top of the test specimen and measure the length between the crosses
formed by the scores (see Figure 1) .

For specimens using block and dial measurement apparatus, determine the length and width as
outlined in 5.3.5 and 8.5.3.2.

Start the heat exposure portion of the test within 1 h of making the initial dimensional measurements.

8.3 Heat exposure

Place the test specimens horizontally onto support plates (5.2), previously placed in the oven (5.1) .
Allow t o come t o test temperature (80 ± 2 ) ° C (standard default temperature unless otherwise cited in
a flooring specification document). Maintain the test specimens at this temperature for 6 h +i05 min
(standard default time, unless otherwise cited in a flooring specification document) in the oven. If a
different temperature and/or time is utilized, the test sheet shall accurately reflect the conditions used
to test the curling and dimensional stability. The same tolerances for temperature and time, as required
for default conditions, apply to any different set of temperature/time conditions utilized.

Annex A provides information on measurement of size change due to heat exposure and prior to
reconditioning.

8.4 Reconditioning

Remove the test specimens from the oven. Allow the test specimens to recondition (see Clause 7) for
24 h (unless otherwise specified for the product). Do not remove the test specimens from the metal
plate until the reconditioning time has elapsed and the measurements are to be performed.

8.5 Final measurement

8.5.1 General

After reconditioning, measure the dimensional changes to the test specimen.

8.5.2 Curling

Re-measure curling as described in 8.2.1. Note if the final curling measurement is in a different location
from where the initial measurement was taken for any specimens.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

8.5.3 Linear dimensions

8.5.3.1 For sheet, tile and if utilized on plank test specimens

Make sure to place the rigid metal plate on top of the specimens and re-measure the length between
the crosses formed by the scores, e.g. the new distance of each measurement section (see Figure 1).
Make sure that the optical device (53.1) is at the same reference points for both the initial and final
measurements.

8.5.3.2 For tile and plank (partial) test specimens measured using block and dial gauge

Re-measure linear dimensions as described in 8.2.2.

Place the tile specimen on the block and dial gauge (5.3.5). Record the length at the specified location
(see Figure 2). For planks specimens, use the calibrated shim or spacer block to allow the measurement
of plank width differences with the block and dial gauge apparatus (See Figure 3 and Figure 4) .

9 Calculation and expression of results

9.1 For curling

9.1.1 Calculate the curling value(s) for each test specimen. The initial and final values are expressed
separately. Calculate the mean value for the three test specimens. Express the results in millimetres to
the nearest 0, 1 mm.

Initial curling values are measured and reported for information only. If curling is referenced in any
specification, it is recommended to only reference the final mean average curling value.

9.1.2 Calculate the initial and final curling values for each sample, in accordance with Formula (1):

(1)

where

C1 is the average of the maximum or highest curling value measurement from each side, for
specimen 1 after heat exposure and reconditioning for each specimen;
·

C1a, C1b, C1c, C1ct are the respective curling values measured for each respective side for the
specimens 1, 2 and 3 (see .82.1).

Repeat the calculation for C 2 and C 3 and then calculate the mean curling value using Formula (2):

(2)

where

is the average of the maximum or highest curling value measurement from each side, for
specimen 1 after heat exposure and reconditioning for each specimen;
is the average of the maximum or highest curling value measurement from each side, for
specimen 2 after heat exposure and reconditioning for each specimen;
is the average of the maximum or highest curling value measurement from each side, for
specimen 3 after heat exposure and reconditioning for each specimen;
is the average curling value, for the three specimens tested, measured after conditioning but
prior to specimens going through test exposure conditions.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

The initial curling value, Cm initial, and final curling value, C m final, are calculated in same manner as
, ,

C m, with the only difference being when the curling measurements are taken. Initial values are taken
after conditioning but before exposure to test conditions. C m final is the average curling value, for the
,

three specimens tested, measured after conditioning back to room temperature, and after specimens
have gone through test exposure conditions.

9.1.3 Upward curling is expressed as a positive value and downward curling (sometimes referred to as
doming) is expressed as a negative value.

9.1.4 The curling values are recorded and reported in millimetres to the nearest 0,5 mm.

9.2 For dimensional stability

9.2.1 For each of the test directions (machine direction and across machine direction), record the
variations for the six length measurements (two readings from three test specimens) . Calculate the
dimensional change for each measurement section related to the initial length. See 9.3.

9.2.2 Calculate the dimensional stability for each test specimen ( MD and AMO). The initial and final
values are expressed separately.

9.2.3 Calculate the mean value for the test specimens.

9.2.4 The initial AMO average measurements are subtracted from final AMO average measurements. A
negative value indicates shrinkage and a positive value indicates growth.

9.2.5 The MD and AMO dimensional stability results are calculated, recorded, and reported as
individual measurements.

9.2.6 On an applicable characteristic chart or report form, the results can be expressed in per cent (%)
or reported directly in mm, depending on how the specification requirements may request data reported.

9.3 For linear dimensions

Formulae (3) to .(6). show the calculations for linear dimensions represented as a percentage change
both in the machine direction ( MD) and across machine direction (AMO):

(3)

where

is the linear change in dimension(s) after complete test;

is the length after complete test when the specimen has reacclimated (in mm);

is the initial length, after conditioning but before heat exposure (in mm).

(4)

where

8Ls% is the linear change in dimension(s) after complete test (in %).

The average % for the individual specimen tested is calculated by Formula (5):

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

8L
s1,avg,MD% = ( 8L
s1,1MD%
+8L
s1,Z MD% ) (5)

where

0Ls1,1MD% is the linear change in dimension(s) after complete test, for a particular specimen, in this case
specimen 1, location 1 in machine direction (in %);

0Ls1,2MD% is the linear change in dimension(s) after complete test, for a particular specimen, in this case
specimen 1, location 2 in machine direction (in %).

Repeat for each specimen to calculate oL Sl,avg,MDO/o, oL SZ,avg,MD% and oL 53,avg ,MDOfo. The final average
per cent for all specimens tested is calculated by Formula (6):

8L
f,avg,MD% = ( 8L
s1,avg,MD%
+8L
sz,avg,MD%
+8L 3
s ,avg,MD% ) (6)

Repeat the same calculations in Formulae (3) to .(6). for AMO measurements.

For each of the test directions ( MD and AMO), calculate the mean value of the six results for each
direction (3 specimens, 2 measurements in each direction). Express it as the change in length in
millimetres (mm), to the nearest 0,05 mm (2 mm), or as a percentage to the nearest 0,05 %, as
noted above.

10 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) the test method used, together with reference to this document, i.e. ISO 23999:2021;

b) the date(s) on which the tests were carried out;

c) all the information required for the complete identification of the product tested, including type,
source, colour and manufacturer's reference number(s);

d) the history of the sample from which the test specimens were drawn;

e) all operating details not specified in this document, or regarded as optional, together with details
of any incident that is likely to have influenced the result(s);

f) the test results obtained, as changes in dimensions:

1) the mean value of linear change in dimension (mm or%), for each direction;

2) the mean value for final curling (mm);

3) the mean value for initial curling (mm), if any;

g) any deviation from the specified procedure which is likely to have affected the results;

h) the hot test results obtained, as changes in dimensions, if measured per Annex A. i.e. the mean
value of linear change in dimension (mm or%), for each direction.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Annex A
(informative)

Measurement of size change due to heat

A.1 General

Some companies have found it useful to measure linear dimensional size changes for a specimen
immediately following the hot exposure condition. This includes, for example, measuring the size
change on a specimen using a block and dial gauge or calliper apparatus when going from room
temperature conditions then measuring the specimen while still hot, after being exposed to a particular
set of time/temperature conditions. This annex details the method to obtain hot linear dimensional size
change of the specimen upon reaching the proper time/temperature conditions.

A.2 Conditioning time

Refer to Clause 7.

A.3 Initial measurement

Refer to 8.2.

A.4 Default time temperature exposure conditions

As specified in 8.3.

A.5 Hot size measurement

a) It is critical that the sample be measured for linear size change within one minute from coming out
of the oven. Because specimens are hot, they can be very soft or flimsy; great care shall be taken in
taking contact measurements.

b) If measurement is made using a calliper device or a block and dial gauge, the sample will be left on
the hot rigid steel plate on which it was during heated oven exposure conditions.

c) As soon as the sample comes out of the oven and is positioned for measurements, place a cover
plate (conditioned at the same hot exposure conditions) on the sample.

d) The mass of the heated cover plate plus weight (to insure specimen lay flat on the hot rigid
steel plate) should not exceed 0,12 g/mm2 (e.g. by using a 210 mm x 210 mm cover plate and a
5 kg weight).

e) Take linear measurements (mm) and record them. Refer to .li..532_.

A.6 : Hot linear dimensional change

For each of the test directions ( MD and AMO), record the variations for the six length measurements
(two readings from three test specimens). Calculate the dimensional change for each measurement
section related to the initial length. The linear change, oLh s can be expressed in per cent (%) or
I

reported directly in mm, see Formulae (A.1) to (A.4).

Copyright al� Standards Institution ©ISO 2021 - All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

The linear change in dimension(s) after completing heat exposure but before re-acclimation c5Lh,S,MD
is calculated by Formula (A.1):

(A.1)

where

is the length after completing heat exposure but before re-acclimation;

Dh
is the initial length, after conditioning but before heat exposure.
Di

The linear change in dimension(s) after complete test c5Lh,S-MD% expressed as a percentage is
calculated by Formula (A.2):
D D
h- i
c5Lh,S-MD% =
D
· xlOO (A.2)
I

The average% for the individual specimen tested c5Lh,Sl,avg,MD% , is calculated as per Formula (A.3):

c5Lh,Sl,avg,MD% = (c5Lh,Sl,1MD% +c5Lh,Sl,2MD% ) (A.3)

where

is the linear change in dimension(s) after completing heat exposure but before re-acclimation,
c5Lh,Sl,1MD%
for a particular specimen, in this case specimen 1, location 1 in machine direction (in %);

is the linear change in dimension(s) after completing heat exposure but before re-acclimation,
c5Lh,Sl,2MD%
for a particular specimen, in this case specimen 1, location 2 in machine direction (in %).

The hot final average% for all specimens tested c5Lh ,f,avg,MD% , is calculated as per Formula (A.4):

c5Lh,f,avg,MD% = (c5Lh,Sl,avg,MD% + c5Lh ,S2,avg,MD% + c5Lh,S3,avg,MD% ) (A.4)

Repeat the same calculation for the AMO measurements.

For each of the test directions, calculate the mean value of the six results and express it as a percentage
to the nearest 0,05 %.

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 BS EN ISO 23999:2021
ISO 23999:2021

Bibliography

[1] ISO 24342, Resilient and textile floor-coverings - Determination of side length, edge straightness
and squareness of tiles

[2] ASTM F2055, Standard test methodfor size and squareness of resilientfloor tile by dial gage method

[3] ASTM F2199, Standard test methodfor determining dimensional stability of resilientfloor tile after
exposure to heat

[4] ASTM F2421, Standard test methodfor measurement of resilient floor plank by dial gauge

[5] JIS A 1454, Test methods - Resilient floorcoverings

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