IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY-POTIA CAMPUS

Potia, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

3rd Semester SY 2021-2022

Work from Home Output

READING INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE

on

CDI 232:
FIRE PROTECTION &
ARSON INVESTIGATION

Greg M. Francisco
 Reading Instructions

The instructions will talk on the vision of BFP which is fire prevention
(before/pre), suppression/control/extinguishment (during), and investigation
(after/post).

This is divided into three (3) chapters:

Chapter 1 – Fire Creation and Extinguishers

Chapter 2 – Structural Firefighting and Building Requirements
Chapter 3 – Fire Investigation
 SUMMARY
(Full content under the Book of Leo Bustria, Fire Behavior & Arson Investigation 2 nd Edition 2013)

CHAPTER 1

Fire triangle (broad) vs. Fire Tetrahedron (detailed)/ Combustion

(Burning/Pyrolsis/Decomposition)

I. FIRE (before/malicious mischief)

Fuel Sources: (Solid, Liquid, Gas)/ (Class A, B, C, D, & K)

Heat Sources: Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Mechanical Energy
Lights

Oxygen Sources: All air except smoke w/c is fuel

II. COMBUSTION (during/arson)

Product of Combustion (Fire is a form of combustion)

1. Fire gases Types of Poisonous

1. Hydrogen sulfide
2. Hydrogen cyanide
3. Hydrogen chloride

2. Flame Types of Flame

1. According to color & completeness of
combustion (luminous & non-luminous
flame)
2. According to burning fuel and air mixture
(premixed & diffusion flame)
3. Based on smoothness (laminar &
turbulent flame)

3. Heat Propagation of Fire/Heat to a nearby Fuel

(Conduction, radiation, convection, & Flame
contact)

4. Smoke Fuel particles

Phases of Combustion/Burning (Stages of fire)

1. Incipient/beginning phase
 2. Free-burning phase
3. Smoldering phase

Intensity of Fire (factors to determine the intensity of fire)

1. Type of Fuel
2. Percentage of oxygen present

III. FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

4 Methods of Fire Extinguishment: 1. Cooling
2. Smothering,
3. Separation c
4. Chemical chain reaction

Extinguishing Agents: 1. Water

2. Water mist extinguishers
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Dry chemical
5. Dry Powder
6. FE-36/HKC-236fa
(Hydrofluorocarbon-236fa)
7. AFFF (Aqueous film forming foam)
8. Halons (Halogenated agents)
9. Halotron I extinguishers
10. Metal/sand extinguishers

Parts of Fire Extinguisher: 1. Shell

2. Discharge valve
3. Pick-up tube
4. Hose
5. Nozzle
6. Pressure gauge
7. CO2 cartridge

Steps in using portable fire extinguishers:

Remember the acronym, “P.A.S.S.”

P...... Pull the pin.
A…… Aim extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames.
S…… Squeeze trigger while holding the extinguisher upright.
S…… Sweep the extinguisher nozzle from side to side, covering
the area of the fire with the extinguishing agents.

Inspection: Service test vs. Hydrostatic test

Characteristics of flammable materials and hazardous materials
Identification
 CHAPTER 2

Structural Fire Fighting (BFP) Prevention & Suppression

I. Fire fighting procedures/strategy:

1. Size-up

2. Attack (Direct/indirect method)

3. Ventilation: Types:
a. Vertical (mushrooming)
b. Horizontal
c. Mechanical/forced
d. Combination of vertical and horizontal

4. Exposures (of heat) - Life first before property

5. Extinguishment

6. Rescue

a. Hydraulic rescue tools

a1. Cutter
a2. Spreader

b. Self contained breathing apparatus parts:

b1. Face piece
b2. Regulator
b3. Air cylinder
b4. Back pack or sling pack

c. Basic first aid

d. Hose appliances and tools

d1. Hose roller (hose hoist)
d2. Hose jacket
d3. Hose clamp
d4. Spanner wrench and hydrant wrenches
d5. Hose bridge (hose ramp)
d6. Chafing blocks
d7. Hose strap, hose rope and hose chain
d8. Universal thread adapter
d9. Rubber mallet
d10. Valves

e. Ladder operations
e1. Types of Ladders:
e1a. Ground ladders
Forms of Ground Ladders
 e1aa. Wall
e1bb. Extension ladder
e1cc. Hook ladder (roof) or straight ladder
e1dd. Attic ladder
e1b. Aerial ladders
Forms of Aerial Ladders
e2aa. Hydraulic aerial ladders
e2bb. Elevated platform (articulated boom)
e2. Ladders Carries and Raises

7. Overhaul & Salvage (For post-extinguishment procedures)

Overhaul – preserving evidence & building cleanup

II. Building code and requirements:

Building code requirements:

Pre-Fire Plan: 1. Building

2. Aircraft
3. Disaster (domestic and military disasters)
4. Natural cover fire (Types: Ground, surface,
crown, and spot fires

Natural cover fire or forest fire (Pre-fire planning) –

unusual problems to the fire-fighter for limited water supplies
which require specialized tactics and equipment. Handtools and
manpower rather vehicles are the backbone of natural cover
firefighting.

Methods of Natural Cover Fire Control

1. Direct Method (Sectional or one-lick method)
2. Indirect Method

Natural/Wild Fire Hand Tools

1. Adze hoe
2. Brush hook
3. Pulaski axe
4. Fire shovel
5. Fire swatter
6. Fire broom
7. Mcleod fire tool
8. Double edge brush hook
9. Steel fire line hoe (rake)
 CHAPTER 3

Fire Investigation

I. Innocent fire/natural and accidental causes

Photographing the fire scene (Photographing the point of
origin and exterior)

II. Incendiary fire/arson cases

Corpus delicti vs. Prima facie evidence

Basic lines of inquiry: 1. Points of origin of fire

2. Fingerprint of fire (Alligatoring pattern)
3. Motive vs. intent

Most common motives of arson

1. Economic gain (defrauding the insurance company)
2. Profit by the perpetrator other than the insured person
3. Concealment of crime
4. Pyromania

Tell tale signs:

1. 6. Size of fire
Burned 7. Direction of travel
building 8. Intensity
2. Separate fires 9. Odor
3. Color of smoke 10. Condition of content
4. Smoke marks 11. Doors and windows
5. Color of flame 12. Other suspicious circumstances
 PD 1613 – Amending the laws on arson vs. RPC
Assignment:

1. Give an example of premixed laminar flame, premixed turbulent flame,

diffusion laminar flame, diffusion turbulent flame.

2. Give some hazardous materials and its corresponding placards.

Quiz:

1. Fire propagation will increased by what action?

2. Other than the type of fuel involved, what factor has a bearing on the
intensity of fire?
3. Among the three elements of fire, what cause any substance to burn?
4. What is pyrolysis and what causes it?
5. In a confined room, where would you find the coldest air; why?
6. What comes first firepoint or flashpoint? Why
7. Distinguish fire suppression, fire control, and fire extinguishment.
8. Differentiate smothering and smoldering.
9. Compare PD 1185 and RA 9514.
10. What is Republic Act No. 9263?
11. Give at least two (2) exceptions that the three (3) elements necessary
to create or produced fire not in equal proportion and explain each.
12. Differentiate motive and intent.
13. Distinguish corpus delicti and prima face evidence.
14. Compare direct and indirect methods of natural cover fire control.

Terminologies and legal basis:

Fire Behavior/Technology/Protection & chemistry of fire

Flashpoint (flame to flash) vs. firepoint (for burning) except oil were smoke
first before boiling
Elements of fire proportion unless flammable or explosive.
Smothering (extinguishment) vs. Smoldering/pyrolysis (combustion)
PD 1185 (1977 Fire Code of the Philippines) vs. RA 9514 (2008 Revised Fire
Code repealing PD 1185)
RA 9263, otherwise known as the BPF and BJMP Professionalization Act of
2004

References: Building Code & Revised Penal Code, RA 6975 & RA 9263