ENG 101

LESSON 15

Answer the following by writing true or false.

T F
1.This table refers to the percentage of the
total United States population.

2.Judging form the table, the annual death

rate has been reduced by slightly less than half since
1900.

3.Heart disease has consistently been the

major cause of death.

4.The death rate for infants in 1977 was 10.7

percent.

5.Typhoid fever has been completely

eliminated as a cause of death.

6. Since 1940 the annual death rate for

automobile accidents has remained about the
same.

7.The reduction in deaths since 1900 has

been greater for tuberculosis than for
pneumonia.

8.The annual death rate for cancer was bout

2½ times greater in 1977 than in 1900.

9.The most serious childhood disease in the

first part of the twentieth century apparently
was typhoid fever.
 10. The abbreviation n.a. means “Not
Applicable.”

Answer the following questions by writing true or false.

T F
1.This graph shows the number of speakers
of all the important languages of the world.

2.The number of speakers is shown on the

vertical axis.

3.The number of speakers is indicated in

millions. e.g, 100 means 100,000,000.

4.There are twice as many speakers of

English as of French.

5.Two languages are spoken by more than

300 million speakers.

Answer the following questions by writing on the lines

provided.
1.About how many native speakers of English are there in
the world?
________________ .

2. What languages have about as many speakers as Arabic?

_________________________.
3. What dialect of Chinese has the most speakers?
______________________ .
4. There are about twice as many speakers of Hindi as of
__________________.
5. Which language ranks fifth in total number of speakers?
________________________.
1.Japan is composed of four major islands. The biggest
island is Honshu. What are the names of the other there?
__________________________________
Which island is northernmost?_____southernmost?__
2.Japan is surrounded by an ocean and three seas. Name
the ocean _________. Name the seas_______.
Which sea is to the west of Japan?________ to the
southeast?________________
3.What is the country nearest to Japan?__________ How far
is it form Japan?__________
4.What other countries are close to Japan?____
Approximately how far are these countries from Japan?
_____________________________
What direction are they from Tokyo?____________
5.How far is the island of Hokkaido from the Soviet Union?
______________
Which direction is Hokkaido from the Soviet Union?
____Which direction is Hokkaido from Korea?________
On Hokkaido, name one city that is due west of
Kushiro: _____________ and one that is due north of
Hakodate:__________________
6.How many cities in Japan have a population of 1.000.000
or more? _______What are their
names?__________________. How do you know which
ones they are?________

7. Approximately how far is Nagoya from Tokyo?

_________________. Nagoya is to the________ of Tokyo
and to the____________ of Osaka.
8. The latitude of Tokyo is 35. What is the longitude?
_________
9. What are the latitude and longitude of the northern tip of
the island of Hokkaido?________
10. Approximately how far is it from the southern tip of
Kyushu to the northern tip of Hokkaido? ____________.
Mutsu Bay is at the __________ tip of Honshu. The city of
Nagasaki is at the ________________________ tip of
Kyushu.
True or False:
Study the charts again and say whether the following
statements are True or False.

A. In Asia the production of softwood timber is

more important than the production of hardwood timber.

B. The largest produces three times as much

paper pulp as Europe.

C. Asia produces three times as much paper

pulp as Europe.

D. The producers of timber are shown on the

vertical axis of the graph.

E. The cubic meters of wood produced are

indicated in millions; for example, 50 means
50,000,000 cubic meters.
1.By adding the ending-er and -est to words of one
syllable
Examples

ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Adjectives new newer newest

old older oldest
big bigger biggest

Adverbs soon sooner soonest

late later latest
2.By placing the words more and most in front of words
with three or more syllables
Example
ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Adjectives interesting more most

interesting
interesting

convenient more
most
convenient convenient

beautiful more most

beautiful beautiful

Adverbs easily more easily

most easily
carefully more
carefully most
carefully

Example
ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

-y happy happier happiest

funny funnier funniest

-ly early earlier earliest

friendly friendlier friendliest

-ow shallow shallower shallowest

narrow narrower narrowest
 -le able abler ablest
gentle gentler gentlest

-er clever cleverer cleverest

N.B. Two-syllable adverbs ending in -ly take more or most.

Example
quickly more quickly most quickly
slowly more slowly most slowly
badly more badly most badly

Example

ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE

careful more careful

most careful
Remaining careless more careless
most careless
descriptive boring more boring
most boring
two- awful more awful
most awful
syllable complex more complex
most complex
words
4.Some common two-syllable adjectives can have either
type of formation.
Example

ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
 common commoner commonest
more common most common

handsome handsomer handsomest

more handsome most handsome

polite politer politest

more polite most polite

quiet quieter quietest

more quiet most quiet

Example

Absolute Comparative Superlative

Adjectives bad worse worst

far further/farther
furthest/farthest
good better best
many more most

Adverbs badly worse

worst
fair further/farther
furthest/farthest
little less least
much more most
well better best

as…as
are similar each
as many …as equal to
 as much … as is like all
the same…as similar/ly
Similar to equal/ly alike

the same compare to/with

Non-equivalence
The following words and/or constructions are used to show
non-equivalence (I.e. not the same).

not as … as greater than unequal (ly)

word + er than not as much… as unlike
more… than neither …nor …as not the same
as
fewer … than not as many …as not all
less … than not equal to

1- The early 1970s saw the birth of the microcomputer, or

micro for short. The central processor of the micro, called the
microprocessor, is built as a single semiconductor devices;
that is, the thousands of individual circuit elements
necessary to perform all the logical and arithmetic functions
of a computer are manufactured as a single chip. A complete
microcomputer system is composed of a microprocessor, a
memory and peripheral equipment.
The processor, memory and electronic controls for the
peripheral equipment are usually put together on a single or
on a few printed circuit boards. Systems using
microprocessors can be hooked up together to dot he work
that until recently only minicomputer systems were capable
of doing. Micros generally have somewhat simpler and less
flexible instruction sets than minis, and are typically much
slower.
Different micros are available with 4-, 8-, 16- bit word
lengths. Similarly, minis are available with word lengths up to
32 bits. Although minis can be equipped with much larger
primary memory sizes, micros are becoming more powerful
and converging with minicomputer technology.
2- The extremely low price of micros has opened up entirely
new areas of application for computers. Only 20 years or so
ago, a central processing unit of medium capability sold for a
few hundred thousand dollars (U.S.), and now some
microprocessors sell for as cheaply as $10. Of course, by
the time you have a usable microcomputer system, the price
will be somewhere between $500 and $10,000 depending on
the display unit, secondary storage, and whatever other
peripherals are needed.
3- The available range of microcomputer systems is evolving
more rapidly than minicomputers. Because of their incredibly
low price, it is now possible to use only a small fraction of the
computer’s capability in a particular system application and
still be far ahead financially of any other way of getting the
job done.
For example, thousands of industrial robots are in use today,
and the number is growing very rapidly as this relatively new
industry improves the price and performance of its products
by using the latest microcomputers.
4- Even though the software available for most
microcomputer systems is very-limited - more so than for
minis- it does not discourage their use in the many high-
volume, fixed applications for which programming is
essentially a ‘one shot deal’ as is the case in the space
shuttle program.
In addition to their extensive use in control systems of all
types, they are destined for many new uses from more
complex calculators to automobile engine operation and
medical diagnostics. They are already used in automobile
emission control systems and are the basis of many TV
game attachments. There is also a rapidly growing market
for personal computers whose application potential in
education is only just beginning to be exploited.
5- It would seem that the limits for microcomputer
applications have by no means been reached. There are
those who predict that the home and hobby computer
markets will grow into a multi-billion dollar enterprise within a
decade or so. It would also appear that performance of
microprocessors could well increase ten-fold before 1990
while prices for micros could decrease by as much.