Effect of A Polyherbal Mixture On Liver Oxidative Stress in Broiler

Effect of a polyherbal mixture on liver oxidative stress in broilers
J.F. Le Roux1, C. Alleno2, S. Olivera1, R. Jones1, H. Borin1

1 Nutritec International Sàrl, La Romanèche 13, 1163 Etoy VD, Switzerland
2 Zootest, Parc Technologique du Zoopôle, 22440 Ploufragan, France; [email protected]
Abstract:
During intensive growth the liver is potentially exposed to many insults such as xenobiotics and
reactive oxygen species. This study was designed to measure the impact of an imposed
oxidative stress from oxidized oil and excess ferrous ions during days 20 to 42 of growth in
broilers. 180 Ross 308 males were bred in a commercial farm until the age of 20 days, then
transported in a specific unit and divided into 3 groups (A, B and C ) of 6 cages of 10 broilers
until the age of 42 days. Individual weights were taken at age 20, 31 and 42 days, feed
consumption per cage was measured at day 31 and 42, blood analysis and autopsies were
performed at 42 days. From 20 days to 31 days Group A received a control mash feed, Group
B received the same feed supplemented with 10% oxidized soybean oil plus an excess of 0.5%
of ferrous sulphate and Group C was fed same as B plus 250 g/T of polyherbal mixture
(Livoliv). During the recovery period from 32 days to 42 days, Group A and Group B received
the control feed group and Group C the control feed with 250g/T of Livoliv. Average starting
body weight at 20 days was 856 g. Oxidative stress reduced final body weight non significantly
at 31 days (1,796 g vs 1,854 g) and affected feed conversion non significantly (1.65 vs 1.62).
Livoliv significantly increased body weight at 31 days, (1,886 g) and significantly improved
feed conversion (1.49). After recovery, body weights at 42 days were 2,899, 2,871 and 2,923 g
and feed conversion 1.83, 1.85 and 1.80 for Groups A, B and C respectively, with differences
not significant. Liver weight as percent body weight showed no difference, 1.86, 1.84 and
1.80% for groups A, B and C respectively. Alkaline phosphatase levels were 3,752, 5,306 and
4,934 UI/l for groups A, B and C respectively. High levels of oxidized soybean oil and ferrous
sulfate induced a reduction of zootechnical performance that 250 g/T of Livoliv compensates
and even improves.
Introduction:
The liver is the pivotal organ involved in nutrient synthesis, transportation, detoxification and
immunity. Liver activity is proportional to metabolism intensity. During intensive growth the
liver is potentially exposed to many insults such as xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species.
In certain conditions, liver activity can be a limiting factor and the use of a hepatoprotective
additive can improve performance significantly.
Oxidized oil is directly metabolized in the liver and can affect negatively growth parameters,
average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers (MCGILL et al, 2011;
LIN et al., 1989).
Iron toxicity observed by Wallner-Pendleton et al, 1986 in broiler, leads to ulcerative
ventriculitis and severe hepatopathy. This toxicity is caused by means of oxidative stress and
the use of different plants has shown to be effective in managing this iron toxicity
(RAMAKRISHNAN et al., 2011; CHANDRAVATHY et al., 2011).
This study was designed to measure the impact of an imposed oxidative stress from oxidized
oil and excess ferrous ions during days 20 to 31 of growth in broilers following by a recovery
period from days 31 to 42 and the effect of inclusion of an herbal additive, Livoliv.
Material and methods:
Building, Animals and measurements:
180 Ross 308 broilers males coming from a commercial farm were transported at day 20 to a
specific unit where they received the different treatments.
Animals are divided into 3 groups of 6 repeats of 10 animals per group following a specific
feeding program.
Trial was run in the second period of growth between day 20 and day 42. Mortality was recorded
daily. Birds were individually weighed on days 20, 31 and 42. Feed consumption and feed
conversion ratio were measured at day 31 and day 42. Feathering was scored at day 42. Blood
analyses and autopsies (liver weight) were also performed at day 42.
Feeding treatments:
One batch of mash finisher feed is split into 3 different groups.
From 20 to 31 days, Group A, positive control, is the mash feed, Group B, negative control, is
the same feed supplemented with 10% oxidized soybean oil and an excess of 0.5% of ferrous
sulphate and Group C is the same as B plus 250 g/T of polyherbal mixture (Livoliv). During
the recovery period from 32 days to 42 days, Group A and Group B received the control feed
group and Group C the control feed with 250g/T of Livoliv.
Table 1 : Feeding program
Group 21 -31 days 31 -42 days

A Normal feed Normal feed
90% normal feed + 10% oxidized oil
B Normal feed
+ 0.5% FeSO4
90% normal feed + 10% oxidized oil
C Normal feed + 250g Livoliv
+ 0.5% FeSO4 + 250g Livoliv
Results:
Growth performance are presented in table 2 and 3.
Table 2: Animal body weight, g
Treatment Day 20 Day 31 Day 42

A 854 1854ab 2899
B 860 1796b 2871
C 854 1886a 2923
Means with the same letter are not significantly different (<0.05)
Table 3: Feed conversion ratio
Treatment FCR 20-31 FCR 31-42 FCR 20-42
A 1.62a 2.04 1.83
B 1.65a 2.05 1.85
C 1.49b 2.11 1.80
Means with the same letter are not significantly different (<0.05)
Autopsy and blood analysis are presented in table 4 and 5.

Table 4: Liver weight % of body weight at 42 days
Liver weight % body weight

A 1.86 +/-0.22
B 1.87 +/-0.25
C 1.80 +/-0.20
Table 5: Blood analysis at 42 days

SGOT Transaminase Alkaline Phosphatase
(AST) (UI/L) (UI/L)
A 492 +/-171 3752 +/-1799
B 457 +/-125 5306 +/-3112
C 393 +/-115 4934 +/-2502
Discussion:
Feeding diets containing oxidized oil and high iron content did not impact growth performance
as was expected. In a preliminary trial, a 9% reduction of body weight and a 10% increase in
FCR was observed with the same liver intoxication. In the same trial, Livoliv supplementation
resulted in the reduction only 6% in final body weight and 1% increase of FCR.
In this experiment, final weight and FCR were not significantly impacted by intoxication. The
level of performance of control groups was satisfactory and conformed to ROSS 308 standard.
Despite the acceptable level of growth and feed conversion in the control groups, Livoliv
supplementation improved body weight significantly at day 31 (1886 vs 1796g).
FCR was not significantly reduced by intoxication, 1.65 vs 1.62 but Livoliv supplementation
was able to strongly improve FCR with 1.49 kg feed/kg gain. This level is far better than
expected standard ROSS 308 value (1.68). The improved FCR can be explained by the high
level of energy available in the feed supplemented with 10% of soybean oil.
It would appear that Livoliv was able to protect liver from toxic free radicals generated from
oxidized oil and that consequently this oil was been able to be utilized by the birds as a source
of energy, reducing significantly feed conversion versus both control groups.
Conclusion:
Inclusion of oxidized oil and high level of ferrous in the feed reduced slightly but not
significantly growth performance. Supplementation with 250g/T of Livoliv not only
compensated for the reduced growth performance but also improved significantly feed
conversion and body weight. It would appear that Livoliv allowed the liver to utilize oxidised
oil as a source of energy in the presence of excess ferrous ions.
REFERENCES:
CHANDRAVATHY, J., A.G. REDDY, C. HARITHA, B. ANILKUMAR. 2011. Evaluation of

Herbal Neonatal Chick Care Against Iron-induced Toxicity in Broilers, Toxicol Int. 2011 Jan-
Jun; 18(1): 50–53.
LIN, C.F., A. ASHGHAR, J. I. GRAY, D. J. BUCKLEY, A. M. BOOREN, R. L. CRACKEL,
C. J. FLEGAL, 1989. Effects of oxidised dietary oil and antioxidant supplementation on broiler
growth and meat stability. Br. Poult. Sci. 30, 855-864.
MCGILL, J., E. MCGILL, A. KAMYAB J.D. FIRMAN, 2011. Effect of High Peroxide Value
Fats on Performance of Broilers in a Normal Immune State. International Journal of Poultry
Science, 10: 241-246.
RAMAKRISHNAN, V., A.G. REDDY, A.R. REDDY, C. HARITHA, 2011. Evaluation of
iron-induced oxidative stress and its amelioration by certain herbs in broilers.Toxicol Int
2011;18:54-57
WALLNER-PENDLETON, E., D. P. FROMAN, O. HEDSTROM. 1986. Identification of
ferrous sulfate toxicity in a commercial broiler flock. Avian Dis. 1986 Apr-Jun;30(2):430-2.

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Effect of a polyherbal mixture on liver oxidative stress in broilers

J.F. Le Roux1, C. Alleno2, S. Olivera1, R. Jones1, H. Borin1

Group 21 -31 days 31 -42 days

Treatment Day 20 Day 31 Day 42

Autopsy and blood analysis are presented in table 4 and 5.

Liver weight % body weight

Table 5: Blood analysis at 42 days

CHANDRAVATHY, J., A.G. REDDY, C. HARITHA, B. ANILKUMAR. 2011. Evaluation of

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