Exercises 6.2 and so on. Therefore yeatar-4 2 yan + 1 a3 Pe ~ ge" + = 40 ¥ a Gy =atay a (-2)" = Cot Cre#/?, Exercises 6.3 1. Substituting y = D229 cn2" into the differential equation we have y” ~ayr= x n(n— Wena"? -¥ ena tt = x (E+ 2(E + Deneoa® ~ x Cee R=0 kan-2 kent] ea = 2co+ So[(k+ Wk + ews — eg—i}e* = 0. kL Thus a=0 (E+ 2)k+ Venez — cy-1 = 0 and “> EEE £=1,2,3,.... Choosing ep = 1 and ey = 0 we find aei 36 cqa= ch =O “ 1 ° = 780Exercises 6.3 and so on. For cg = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain cy =0 _t a= cy = og =0 a= 7 504 and so on. Thus, two solutions are 13 lis la loys eal¢s —. see id = =: oan wees malt ee + Toe + and wort sort t coe + . Substituting y = 22.9 Caz" into the differential equation we have co ~ oo oo yf taty = Vo nln — eae? + DY eget? — Sk + (b+ Yewsa® + ¥ cg aa* n=? n=0 k=0 k=? k=n-2 ka=n42 20 = 2eg + Boge + S[k + 2)(k + Vegrz + cy-a]o* = 0. k=? Thus c2=c3 =0 (E+ 2)(K + 1)cpge + ce-2 = 0 1 and Cee = Che, k= 2,3,4,. (k+ 2)(k +1) Choosing ¢p = t and ci = 0 we find a=—k A 65 = a5 = cr =0 mat 672 and so on. For co = 0 and c, = 1 we obtain 1 =0 on 1 9g 3 = cr = eg =0Exercises 6.3 and so on. Thus, two solutions are 14, lg 15,1 4 =1— ety gb... =a- ne + + gd vu 13" + ey? and y2=2 20” + iso” . Substituting y= DZLo cnx” into the differential equation we have oo oo eo yf" —Qxy! +y = Yo n(n Wone™? —2 3) rene” + 7 onz™ pet pet a0 k=n-2 kon kon co eS oo = D+ D+ Yegsor® —- 20 kee + Yo cxe* k=0 k=l k=0 = 2+ a+ SG +2)(K + Verge — (2k — Ieg|e® = k=1 Thus 2e2 + ep = 0 (K+ 2)(E + Liegee — (2k — Dey = 0 and = 1 2=— ye + 2k-1 On EpHE TH BH LB Choosing cp = 1 and c, = 0 we find pet ar) and so on. For cy = 0 and ¢, = 1 we obtain ca cg = oj = = 0 1 ars i = ay 1 = a5 170Exercises 6.3 and so on. Thus, two solutions are la 7 1 13 wei-5e rd - a5" meee and watt gata yet gt te 4, Substituting y= C729 cn2” into the differential equation we have oo oo oo yo" — ay + 2y = SY aln—Veqe™? — Yo mean” +2 0 car n= n=l n=0 ee ken-2 ken kon = Si(k+ 2b + Versa ~ So kept +2 Foxe k=0 k=l k=0 = Dey + 20m + S[le + DLE + Tega — (#8 — Bega = 0. 7 k=l Thus 2eg + 2eq = 0 (h+ 2)(k+ Versa ~ (hk — 2)eq = 0 and = —09 ees = Ee k= 1,2,3,.... Choosing cy = 1 and ¢, = 0 we find a= og Scp=e7 =": =0 c= 0 oe = eg == For cy = 0 and cy = 1 we obtainExercises 6.3 and so on. Thus, two solutions are 1 1 =1-2 er—-r- zo nH zg’ and yor 6° ~ T20" 5. Substituting y = D%2o cnz™ into the differential equation we have 0 yf tety tay = Salm — Aen > nogal th + Seat a=2 n=l) n=O nS OO kon—2 kent kentl ea = Sob E+ Nogyea® + xe = Degeae® + x cei t® i = 2ep + (6c3 + coz + SU K+ 2b + Lenya + keg—a]a* = Thus 2=0 6e3 + cg = 0. (k + 2)(k + lcepe + Kex-1 = 0 and _ it 3 = 50 egg = = pa, k=2,3,4,.... (k+2)(k +1) Choosing co = 1 and cy = 0 we find e 1 3% cg = 05 = 0 at = 45 and so on. For ey = 0 and c, = 1 we obtain oy =0 a=-t 6 5 = 05 =0 aut 7 352 0.Exercises and so on. Thus, two solutions are 1 i =1-4,3 6. a wn grt Re dy 6. Substituting y= D220 nz” into the differential equation we have ~ 0 ES yf + Day + 2y = YS n(n —Menz™? 42° nenz™ +2 5° ena” n=? n=l n=0 Se, eae ken ken ken-2 0 00 oo = DK +2) (K+ Yegyze® +27 keyak +25 cyok k=0 k-1 k=0 20 = 2en + 200 + [Ck + (K+ Dense + 26+ Deg]e* = 0. A=1 Thus 20g + 2eg = 0 (K+ DE + Vegye + 2k +1} = 0 @=—a 2 Chie = FS ce, &=1,2,3,.... Qe 12,3, Choosing cg = 1 and c; = 0 we find @Q=-1 Qs ess e7 = = 0 me 2 =-l eng and so on. For en = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain 2 = cg og = =OExercises 6.3 and so on. Thus, two solutions are 14il 8 =1]-77 cyt opi... = 276 274. waloait srt ees and yw=a-— e+ 3 3° — Tgs? + 7. Substituting y = D229 car" into the differential equation we have (e—Dy! ty = Sale Nez" =F nln — Yew 2+ So ney} fez nea nel ee kea-1 k=n-2 ken-1 oo = Sb + Dkegaz® — det 2(k + Veggor* + s K+ Lcepia* k=] k=0 a = Beg + cr + D7[(K+ Wkegys - (+ 2k + Yewse + (b+ Versil* = 0. kel Thus ~2eg+ cr =0 2 (k+l reper — (b+ 2)(k + Lepye = 0 and ¢: = le 2 L k+1 Cha = EG Cth =1,2,3,.... Choosing a = 1 and ¢1 = 0 we find cz = ¢y = eg = ---— 0. Por cg = 0 and o = 1 we obtain =) gel gel A= 3=F a= and so on. Thus, two solutions are “ 1 1 lia uw =1 and wart get ati taatte. 8. Substituting y = 3°72 cnx” into the differential equation we have oo oo (z+ 2)y" + ay —y= s na — Wena") + x n(n — Yona? + >> neas® — D> ena” gat p=? pel p=0 ken-1 ken-2 kon kon = Lee Ikon pia® + be (K+ (K+ Wegyoe® + S* kegs - Soya k=1 k=0 = Aen — co + Set konpa + (kb +2)(k + Leeas + (k ~ Icgle® = 0. k=! 174Exercises 6.3 Thus deg ~ cy =0 (k-+ Wkoep1 +2(K +2)(b + Denso 44K — Hex =0, b= 1,2,3,... and o= 1 B= 7% - — _(k+ Dkener + (k= Dee = Chaz = 2k + 2)(b + 1) » k=1,2,3.... Choosing cg = 1 and cy = 0 we find co =0 =i = cpa 1 = 0, ez a B= 2° 5 = 380 and so on. For ¢) = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain =O 3 =0 4 =O == =O. Thus, two solutions are 1 1 1 ~ vi =a[1+ o-R? t me and Ye = C1z. 9. Substituting y = D22q cn” into the differential equation we have « oo oo ~ (- Ly + Ae! + 2y = Yo n(n — eq — Yo nlm — Vena"? +4 3) nege™ +250 one” = = al nao kon ken-2 ken eo © oo e = So klk — lege — So(e + (e+ Uegear® +4 Yo hege® +2 0° cpe® k=? k=0 k=l k=0 oe = —2eg-+ 20y + (—Geg + Bera + D> [(k? b+ 4k +2) cy ~ (b+ 2)(b-+ Lcpaa] 2* = 0. k=2 Thus —2c2 + 2cg = 0 —6cy + 6c] = 0 (+ 8k +2) cp (K+ 2K + enya = 0 175Exercises 6.3 and 2 = 0 e3 = cr Chi2 =tk, k= 2,3,4,.... Choosing cp = 1 and e = 0 we find o@=1 63 = 65 = eps = 0 a-@-aqe- Hl For eg = 0 and ¢ = 1 we obtain O=ta= w= =O €3 = 5 = OF = Thus, two solutions are waltetate--. and yartadigd y+... 10. Substituting y = 29 c.2" into the differential equation we have (2 +1) 9" 64 = FE alr — Dena + nln — Den 8 6S ena” eo, ee, k=n k=n-2 kon = -¥ RE Doge® + x (K+ 2b + Densoz* — 6 s ad kw 0 oe = 2cy — Geo + (6¢3 — 6e)2 + [(# ~h- Beet (RE BRT Len42] ok = ka? Thus 2cq — Bep = 0 6ca ~ 61 = 0 (k — 3)(K + 2)cy + (b + 2)(k + Lepa2 = 0 and €2 = 3eg 3 = cy k~3 ee = ET RHBBA. 176Exercises 6.3 Choosing co = 1 and ci = 0 we find =3 3 = 5 =c7 =---=0 ca = and so on. For cy = 0 and cy = 1 we obtain On = 4 = C6 = @=1 oy C7 = Og Thus, two solutions are weit det pat fab yo and y=atet. 11. Substituting y = 529 cas” into the differential equation we have (e+ 2)" + Soy) v= S° nf — Dona +235 nln — Vege 24.355 near™ — Sens nea a=2 nel neo eS eS ken kean-2 ken hon = So kik Toga 423% KAN(R+ Denpox® +33 beast ~ Sat k=2 k=0 = (4g — 6g) + (1203 + 2ey)2 + > [26 + 2)(8 + Lega + (k? + 2k ~ 1} cq] a* = 0. k=? Thus 4e2 — cq = 0 12¢3 + 2c) =O (kt 2K + Lena + (k? + 2k — 1) =0 and 1 2 1° 1, 6 1 R4+2k-1 a= “REET RE ASSExercises 6.3 Choosing co = 1 and ¢ = 0 we find L a=5 =O and so on. For co = 0 and c; = 1 we obtain = cy = og = = 0 on 1 ae _7 = 730 and so on. Thus, two solutions are lo 74 13,75 =14+c22~ meaty. se-set tga... yl +7 ae" t and yo=a 6° + i597 12. Substituting y = D%9 cn2” into the differential equation we have (2 - a) yi tayl-y= xs n(n — Beqz” — s n(n — Lope? + s Ney — x Can” eo ae naa pol n=0 ee kan kon? kon kan = Ble Lega — S(t 2) 6 + Yegsan® +S keege*® — Yop ka i=0 hel imo = (~ey = 09) — Bear + xy [-(+ 2k + Dowie + (? — 1) cg] 2* =0 k=? Thus —2c9 —-M=0 —6e3 =0 —(K+2)(4 + Begee + (k — 1(K + Ick = 0 and = -500 cg =0 k-1 Chee = FD oh k=2,3,4,13. Exercises 6.3 Choosing cg = 1 and c) = 0 we find. q=-2 Be} 3 = 03 = ep = =O ant 8 and so on. For cg = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain = c= == 0 03 =¢s=c7 °° Thus, two solutions are 1 1 i= 1— ga? - gat — + end y=z. Substituting y = C29 cz” into the differential equation we have oo 2 oo oo yo” (e+ Dy —y = Yo an Yeas? — Y nent” — Yo negr®} — So ege™ n=2 n=l pel a=0 YS eH ken-2 kon ken-1 kon 20 oo co © = VE 4 2b + VewazeY — VO keg — (+ Dengik — 7 cgee* k=0 k=1 k=0 k=0 = 202-01 — 09 + Ses 2)(k + Vengo — (K+ Iceer — (B+ lex]x* = 0. k=1 Thus 2eg-— 1 — 9 =O (E+ 2)(k + Denys — Ck — Wee s1 + cx) = 0 and oa Zt +e ar) Set + Ck =a k= wees Cee ea 2,3,4, Choosing cy = 1 and ¢, = 0 we find 1 1 1 a5 Bag RG and so on. For cg = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain =i a5 « tl wie £ IExercises 6.3 and so on. Thus, two solutions are lo ia la bo la la =l+sa24ce3 cate. ond yosetcar4 cei t cates. w tort ge tee t and 42 rtae toe + ge + 14, Substituting y = 2 Cn2” into the differential equation we have eo os oo 2 SS nena” - y cath Sy 2eq2" pl 20 =0 oo o! — xy! — (2+ Dy = Do n(n -MWent*™ a a k=n-2 kon k=n4+1 ken os co oo co = SRF 2+ Vewgot® — SY kega* — S> cy _az* — ¥° 2eer* «=O k=1 kal k=O = op ~ Bey + S[k + Abt Dewgs — (b+ Dew — ce_ale* = 0. k=1 Thus 2eg — 2p = 0 (E+ 2k + Versa — (K+ 2p -—ch1=0, k=1,2,3,..., and C2 = 9 ce Ck-1 => =1,2,3,... Cen E+1* &+2\ET1)' k= 1,2, 3, Choosing cp = 1 and ¢, = 0 we find 1 1 1 a=0 m= @=a a3 GS and so on. For ¢p = 0 and ¢; = 1 we obtain aqe=t =i 4=77 GB = =0, and so on. ‘Thus, two solutions are = diode y ys aot tat hat Led nalte tee tye tet and martse+ oe! tet. 15. Substituting y = D°%9 cq," into the differential equation we have n= k=n oo © 2S nega +S ega™ Rel n=e a= ken~L &=n-2 kon (a= 1p!" — ay ty = Sonim — Dogo! — So nln — Doge” 1380Exercises 6.3 «2 ~ oo eo = Sk + Vkewsar* — Sk + 2)(b + Vewsar* — So keg’ + > opt k=l k=0 k=1 k=O = —2ez + eo + Set QCA + epee + (k-+ Lkena1 — (& — Legle* = 0. kel Thus —2e2 +o = 0 (K+ 2)(k + Ley + (k — Wkees1 ~ (k Dee = 0 and wt = 5% keer (k= 1)ey oma Fo Eee) PORES Choosing ep = 1 and 6: = 0) we find -t ll og a=: a= @ a= and so on. For cy = 0 and cy = 1 we obtain og = cg = cq = ++ = 0. Thus, 1 yah (14 ga? + dab 4 --) + Cae ond v= (c+ je?) +0. ‘The initial conditions imply Cy = -2 and Cz = 6, 60 y= 2(14 Jatt dat } 460 = 80 — 267. 16. Substituting y = 0229 caz” into the differential equation we have (eth)y" ~ (2-2) +y oo co 22 2 co = Fi ale — tenz™ 1 + Yo nln — Mona? - 2 YF nenz®) + S° rene + Sona p=? p=2 pel pal a=0 ken-1 k=n-2 kon-t ken ken oo ~ ce x 20 = (kt Dkepeie® + Sh + 2Y(E+ Yegeot® — 20 (K+ Ueuerz’ + So keg’ + So cart k=l kd k=O k=) kad co = 2cq — 2er + cot DI[(K + Wk + Dense ~ (K+ Dees + (K+ Veglz* = 0. k=lExercises 6.3 Thus 2g — 2cr + oo = 0 (K+ 2)(e + ease — + Deeg + (K+ De = 0 and c= C1 — 50 ese = EG Chet — te = 1,2,3, Choosing c = 1 and cy = 0 we find 1 1 1 =p =H “=i and so on. For cg = 0 and cy = 1 we obtain c= 1, and so on. Thus, y=, (1- fet Bet hat) 4p (2t 2? Fett) 1 6 7B 4 ) la ils 3 y =01(-2- 52 tye Ga (14 ae — a tee) The initial conditions imply Cy = 2 and Co = —1, 30 lg 13,14 y=2(1- 52 a getgght “)- (c422- Jets.) 1 =2- 2-20? 1484 Baa y Q-2 got pt 17. Substituting y = 729 cnx” into the differential equation we have oy! — Qey! + By = So n(n Menz*? ~ 25 near™ +8 7 ent n=2 n=1 n=0 eH kean-2 k=n kan oo = 2h b+) e+ Yersae* ~2 3 beat +83 ast k=0 k= = 2p + Bog + S7[(k +2) + Locgez + (B— 2k)eg]a* = 0 k=l Thus 2c2 + 89 = 0 {K+ 2){E + legaa + (8 — 2k), = 0 182Exercises 6.3 and co = —4e9 2k ~ 8 RB ka, 2,80.. hear * 3 Cer = Choosing ¢ = 1 and c; = 0 we find For cg = 0 and cy = 1 we obtain and so on, Thus, 4 i = 1-452 3”) (2-29 + a8 -) y a Pt get) + Or (228 + aah + ). and v= (-ex+ 8) +Cy (1 = 32? + fat te The initial conditions imply C1 = 3 and C2 = 0, 80 y= a(t — 4” +42) 312074 424. 18. Substituting y = D720 cas” into the differential equation we have 0 © (2? + Dy" + 2ay! = Yo nln - Yeas" + Yo n(n — Yewe"-? + S> Qrenz” n=2 a=2 nel 2 ken kon-2 kon oo oo © = SK Lepa® + S[k +2)(h + Negyot® + So 2kepa® bend k= k=l oo = Dep + (Gea + caja + S [A(R + Deg + (e+ 2k + Yexgalz* = 0. ko?Exercises 6.3 Thus 22 = 0, 6e3 + 2c, = 0, K(k + Lop + (B+ 2)(K + Denys = 0 and 2 =0 =} 3 = 3° k hp =~ FE A ks k=2,3,4, Choosing co = 1 and cy = 0 we find e3 = ca = c5 = ++ = 0. For co = 0 and ci = 1 we obtain aut 3 cy = cg = cg=---=0 o=—t ae and 90 on. Thus 1 ya anther (2 528+ fa — Fal +) and vac (L-a?+at— ao +. The initiel conditions imply cy = 0 and ¢; = 1, 80 1 1 1 34 oS eT le eh + gr get : 19. Substituting y = C%.9 cuz” into the differential equation we have = 1 o" +(sinz)y= 0 nln - Yeat™ 2+ (2 - i tage ‘) (co + erm + cra? + +++) nad 1 = [2ca + Gear + 12c42? + 20e52° + vl + [coe + or2? + (a- 5) ee ~] 1 = Don + (Goa + cole + (12e4 ter)? + (2005 + om = Zea) 29+ +0 = 0, 184Exercises 6.3 Thus cp — 0 6ceg3 +g = 0 eg te = 0 1 2005 + cx — Geo = 0 and a=0 aad a= C0 ‘ 1 4= a 1 1 Choosing co = 1 and ¢; = 0 we find 1 1 =0, =-5, =0, = o gO = GG and so on. For cy = 0 and ¢, ~ 1 we obtain 1 = =0, — = co = 0, cg =0, oT D 5 =0 and so on. Thus, two solutions are =1—2434 48 lia na lm ex +97 to and y= pete. 20. Substituting y — [229 opz" into the differential equation we have i: =~ 1 1 of y= Yo nln Deas”? + (1 Sa? + at --+) (cot crn + cpr? + eye? +--.) n= = [Roa + Gegz + 12cqnr? + 20c523 + ---] 1 \ 9 lL \3 + [ares (a-ta)2?+(a-Ja)ete-] 1 = (2c2 + co) + (6¢3 + c1)5 + {1204 + ¢2— 5) ye a0 ThusExercises 6.3 and Choosing cy = 2 and o, = 0 we find a=—j c3 =0, “=a and s0 on. For co = 0 and cy = 1 we obtain e=0, a=, a0 é and 90 on. Thus, two solutions are wai~}e tiet_.. and yae—tat4., 18 6 21. Substituting y = D729 cnz” into the differential equation we have yf +e, = Ss y= don n=2 bel 1 + (lo o4 at dott Dat ‘) (co + er2 + cn2? + og? + 1 = [2ea F Gege + Lege? + 25x) + ---| + [rw + (er — co)z + (a ~at 50 1 = (2ez + 60) + (Bea + 01 — co}a + (12c4 + en 01 + 500)? bo = Then 2eg + ep = 0 6eg +1 — co = 0 1 Ica te, — a1 + 5-0 186Exercises 6.3 and 1 &2 = — 500 Loi = ger + 500 op = tq + bq - Ley. 2°" 12) 24 Choosing co = 1 and c = 0 we find ae 2=— 5 and so on. For cy = 0 and c; = 1 we obtain co = 0, e=—e, “= 7° ‘Thus, two solutions are 1 1 mala t ite and woes t ort pe Substituting y = [22g cnx” into the differential equation we have ee of + ey —y = Yo alr Lea”? wad loi] ee + (t+e+ ge? + dat +) {er + 2caa + Bean” +4eqa? +--+) — Do one” n=0 = [Pea + Gage + 12eqe® + 20052% + --] 1 + [e+ 2a taje+ (301 +2e2 + 501) a? +--] = [ote + eon? 4--| 1 = (2g t+ ¢1 — cg) + (6g + 2eg)a + (2204 + 3es tort 5c) a+. =0. Thus en +01 ~ 9 =0 6¢3 + 2p =0 1 12c4 + 303 + 2 + 501 =O23. Exercises 6.3 and c= $9 — $e 2= 30 — Bel c 1. B= — Re ca — ten + Ley ~ Ae 4 = 708 + 75 — age Choosing co = 1 and ¢) = 0 we find 1 1 Q2=5 B=-G cad and so on. For cg = 0 and cy) = 1 we obtain eet eat get 2= > B= 5 AS and so on. Thus, two solutions are 1 1 1 1 wale ge dab and Wenn 5a + a — saat Substituting y = [2% cn” into the differential equation leads to ~ ~ ° = Vez"? — Seat} = Sh + (K+ Vegrgz® — 7 eg_it® n=l k=0 k=1 ken-2 kent] oo = 2c9 + [lk + (E+ Vegan — ce—lt* = 1. k=l Thus 2c, = 1 (K+ 2b + Depo - ee = and oat ae? =e = t= ETF! k=1,2,3,.... 188Exercises 6.3 Let cg and c, be arbitrary and iterate to find 1 an 1 3 = 5 1 a= Het _i _1 = 35% = 7G and so on. The solution is acy tees tats begets testy bes + yore 3 ae has mm? la lo ) lo, ls =ep (itary. sotg)4heey beey., oo ( + get ta (e+ Get ttt agatte. 4. Substituting y= L229 ene” into the differential equation leads to oo oe yf — Any! —4y = $7 n{n - Vege"? — S° dnege” — Yo dene” n=2 n=l n= “ao ken-2 kon ken os oo co = Skt lk + Vengan® — SF dhegc® — $7 depart k=O k=1 k-0 == 2eg — deg + Sle + Nk t+ Ueke2 — 4k -+ Leg]c* k=1 4 =f=14+)> ae i Thus 202 — 4ey = 1 (b+ 2)(k+ Vers ~ 4(k+ Deg = iz andExercises 6.3 Let cg and c; be arbitrary and iterate to find 1 c2= 5 + 2c + phat t de Saat gH eT gt Lo41,1 1B 4 gate =gtgt2a= atte eng fge ty 4 416, 17,16 SS B58 TG al Tig rT eT 4 4 bey = 2H 4 4, 6 6° @ tT 3% =i44,-1,4% 64 — 409, 64 = Rt = at Tat oR = at Tee and so on. The solution is _ 4 13 1/1716 \5 y ratast (5 +200) 27 +(% + ze) ~ (F +20) +(F +a) Ghee (Reeders 4 16 5, 64 = cg[1 + 20? + 204 + 5x8 | [ 2% a? | co[ + 207+ + gate tole+ S28 + age age + 1 3,184,175, 261g , 409 7 spete gate pat att Seah + Spal + . Two power series solutions are & 2'n- (n— 2)---(n— 2k +2) Men ut (2k)! ” ws oe “he =" —2k+1) kth, Substituting 2 = 1 into the second series gives the polynomial solution y2 = z, whereas substituting n = 2 into the first series gives yy = 1 — 227, a ae &e_ @e 26. Ift=L£-<2 then nk and ewe and the boundary-value problem becomes in terms of t, a 439-0, OL) =0, #(L)=0. 190Exercises 6.3 ~ Substituting @ = )° cat” into the differential equation we obtain cp = 0 and n=O rx owt — EE HERA oY k=1,2,3,.... Choosing co = 1 and ¢ = 0 we find e=0 x a= —F ca=c5 = 0 ’ = 380 e7= cy =0 and so on. For cy = 0 and c; = 1 we obtain eg =ca=0 x aay 5 = =0 » ee 6g = eg =0 and so on. Thus a4 a ow 0204 (1-968 + i) 0 (0 Feb a Now the boundary condition #/(0) = 0 implies Cy = 0. Thus or