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Soyabadi

The document discusses the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial structures for multiband operation. It describes the optimization of antenna dimensions and design of square and circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structures to achieve resonance at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz respectively. The locations of the CSRR structures are optimized to enable multiband behavior of the antenna.

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10 views

Soyabadi

The document discusses the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial structures for multiband operation. It describes the optimization of antenna dimensions and design of square and circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structures to achieve resonance at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz respectively. The locations of the CSRR structures are optimized to enable multiband behavior of the antenna.

Uploaded by

drivephotos999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6

-4

-6

-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency (GHz)

Fig. 3.36: Simulated peak gain

Values of peak gain for all four resonant frequencies are shown in Table 3.5. It
from the table that the peak gain at all four resonant frequencies is positive.

Table 3.6: Simulated peak gain

Resonant frequency (Gllz) Peak gain (dB)


2.7 1.0203

3.8 1.5543
5.4 2.0609
5.98 2.0638
38

optimized dinwnsions of all parameters after first stage are tabulated in the Table 3.1 .
Tablc 3.1: Optimized parameters of proposed antenna after first design stage
Design Parameter Value (mm)
Length of ground plane, Lg 37
Width of ground plane, w g 37
Length of the patch, LP 20
Width of the patch, Wp 16
Length of feed-line, Ior 15.5
Width of feed-line, Wf 5

3.7.2Second design stage (metamaterial structure design for multiband behavior)


In second stage of design procedure, one square shaped and one circular
CSRR structures
aredesigned for multiband behavior of the microstrip antenna. The square CSRR is designed to
resonateat 2.4 GHz whereas the circular CSRR is designed to resonate at 5.4 GHz. The resonant
frequencyof metamaterial structure depends on the size of the structure. These structures
are cut
at the ground plane in order to enable multiband behavior in the proposed antenna. The

(a) (b)
Fig. 3.22: Schematic diagrams of CSRR structures (a) Square (b) Circular

Materials and Methods


40

.10
.10

Sli
S21 — Sli
— $21

Frequency (GHz)
Frequency (GHz)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3.23: S parameters of CSRR
structures (a) Square (b) Circular

Real 25
Imaginary Real
Imaginary
15

10

.10
-50
2.5 3.5 5.5 35 4.5 55
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

(a) (b)
Fig. 3.24: Effective permittivity of CSRR structures (a) Square (b) Circular

3.7.3 Final design stage

In the final design stage, the CSRR structures designed in the previous stage are cut at the
ground to enable multiband behavior for the proposed antenna. The locations of these CSRR
Structur
es are determined with the help of parametric study. The square CSRR is primarily cut at
theground and location is determined by shifting it in vertical as well as horizontal directions.
Tworectangular slots are cut at the ground which results in an enhanced gain of the proposed
39

are given in Table 3.2.


l)tnwnsions of CSRR structures
of CSRR structures
Tnb'c 3.2 Dimensions
Value (mm)
Parameter
Pgrgmcter Value (mm) 2.75
12
a 1.75
12
0.5
2 P
0.5
d
0.5
e 0.5

HESS software. With proper


These metamaterial unit cells are modeled as waveguide in
extracted and these are
boundaryconditions and excitations, S-parametersof these unit cells are
S-parameters of
helpful in verifying the metamaterial property exhibited by these structures. The
these structures are used in determining the resonant frequency of the structure. With the help of
S-parametersthe effective values of permittivity and permeability are extracted. To extract
permittivity a procedure based on mathematical equations (Ziolowski, 2003) is used.
Fig. 3.23 represents the S-parameters of square and circular CSRR. It is clearly seen from
this figure that the intersections of Sli and S21curves correspond to resonant frequency at
2.4 GHz for square CSRR and to resonant frequency at 5.4 GHz for circular CSRR. These two
resonant frequenciesare created by these structures for multiband behavior. The resonant
frequencyof metamaterialstructures depends on the dimensions of the structure. Ring type
structureand the slits in the structure provide the inductive and capacitive effects, respectively.
Structureswith larger dimensions resonate at lower frequency as
compared to the structures with
relatively smaller dimensions.
The effective permittivities of these CSRR
structures are presented in Fig. 3.24 indicating
negativepermittivityat resonant
frequencies at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. It is clear from figure that
the CSRR structures exhibiting
the negative permittivity at
resonant frequencies are
metamaterials in nature.
41

antenna and finally the circular CSRR stmcture is cut at the ground for which the location is
determined by shifting it in both vertical and horizontal directions. A second circular CSRR is
also cut at the ground to enhance the bandwidth at resonant frequency 5.4 GHz. In addition to
improvement of bandwidth and gain, the fourth resonant frequency at 5.98 GHz is generated by
cutting circular and square CSRR along with two rectangular slots,
Fig. 3.25 shows the parameters for which parametric study is carried out to find the
optimized value of these parameters as mentioned in the given figure.

x axis
c
d
t

y axis
Fig. 3.25: Parametric values

Parametric study is found very helpful in determining the best possible location for the
CSRR structures using HFSS software. The middle point of the ground plane is taken as the
origin of the two dimensional system. Horizontal straight line passing through the origin is taken
as x-axis and vertical straight line passing through origin is taken as y-axis. Distances upwards
from the origin along y-axis are taken as positive whereas downwards distances from the
as
are taken as negative. Similarly, leftwards directions from the origin along x-axis are taken
negative and rightwards distances are taken as positive. Parameter notations are as follows•

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