Korean Learning
Korean Learning
Korean Learning
ㅏ Vowel ah
(Monophthong) [a]
ㅓ Vowel uh
Korean Learning
(Monophthong) [ʌ]
ㅗ Vowel oh
1. Hangul (Monophthong) [o]
ㅜ Vowel ooh
(Monophthong)
Type [u]
Initial (Sound) Final
ㅣ Vowel ee (Sound)
(Monophthong) [i]
ㅡ Vowel ah
(Monophthong) [ɯ]
ㅔ Vowel eh
(Monophthong) [e]
ㅐ Vowel eh
(Monophthong) [ɛ]
ㅑ Vowel yah
(Diphthong) [ja]
ㅕ Vowel yuh
(Diphthong) [jʌ]
ㅛ Vowel yoh
(Diphthong) [jo]
ㅠ Vowel yooh
(Diphthong) [ju]
ㅖ Vowel yeh
(Diphthong) [je]
ㅒ Vowel yeh
(Diphthong) [jɛ]
ㅘ Vowel ah
(Diphthong) [a]
ㅚ Vowel ah
(Diphthong) [a]
Letter
ㄱ Regular g or k k
Consonant [k] [k̚]
ㄴ Regular n t
Consonant [n] [t̚]
ㄷ Regular d or t l
Consonant [t] [ɭ]
ㄹ Regular r p
Consonant [ɾ] [p̚]
ㅁ Regular m t
Consonant [m] [t̚]
ㅂ Regular b or p
Consonant [p]
ㅅ Regular When in front of
Consonant a
monophthong:
s
[s]
ㅈ Regular j
Consonant
ㅎ Regular
Consonant
ㅇ Regular
Consonant
ㄲ Strong
Consonant
ㄸ Double
Consonant
ㅃ Double
Consonant
ㅆ Double
Consonant
ㅉ Double
Consonant
ㅋ Strong
Consonant
ㅌ Strong
Consonant
ㅍ Strong
Consonant
ㅊ Strong
Consonant
가나다 → kah-nah-tah
i. Precisely, /h/ at the beginning of a syllable,
and /t̚/ at the ending of a syllable
ㅎ (h) + ㅏ (ah) = 하 (hah) - ha (usual romanisation)
라마바사자하 → rah-mah-pah-sah-jah-hah
soh-joh-hoh
l. ㅇ → “ng”
i. It is silent at the beginning of a syllable, and /ŋ/
at the ending of a syllable
ㅇ (silent) + ㅏ (ah) = 아 (ah) - a (usual romanisation)
간 → kahn
낟 → naht
돌 → tohl
란 → rahn
몸 → mohm
밥 → pahp
속 → sohk
존 → john
합 → hahm
강 → kahng
낭 → nahng
당 → tahng
랑 → rahng
몽 → mohng
방 → pohng
상 → sahng
앙 → ahng
종 → johng
홍 → hohng
m. ㅓ → “uh” (but more precise and short)
i. Precisely, /ʌ/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅓ (uh) = 어 (uh) - eo (usual romanisation)
n. ㅓ → “ooh” (but more precise and short)
i. Precisely, /u/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅜ (ooh) = 우 (ooh) - u (usual romanisation)
o. ㅡ → “eu” (similar to the “oo” in “good”)
i. Precisely, /ɯ/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅡ (eu) = 으 (eu) - eu (usual romanisation)
p. ㅣ → “ee” (but more precise and short)
i. Precisely, /i/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅣ (ee) = 이 (ee) - i (usual romanisation)
거 → kuh
누 → nooh
드 → teu
리 → ree
믐 → meum
분 → poohn
실 → sheel
어 → uh
전 → juhn
흥 → heung
q. ㅔ → “eh” (but more precise and short)
i. Precisely, /e/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅔ (eh) = 에 (eh) - e (usual romanisation)
keun)”
“값이 (kahpt-ee)” is pronounced “갑시 (kahp-
shee)”
“읽은 (eelk-eun)” is pronounced “일근 (eel-keun)”
kyuh)”
“닭 (tahlk)” is pronounced “닥 (tahk)”
따르다 → ttah-reu-tah
티나 → thee-nah
바나나 → pah-nah-nah
빨래 → ppal-lehh
핸드폰 → hehhn-teu-phohn
칩 → cheep
핑크 → pheeng-kheu
쓰다 → sseu-tah
순대 → soohn-tehh
hh. ㅢ → “eui”
i. Precisely, /ɰi/
ii. Any Consonant (except ㅇ) when combined
with ㅢ produces the ㅣ sound
I.e. ㅇ + ㅢ = 의, but ㅎ + ㅢ = 히
ㅇ (silent) + ㅢ (eui) = 의 (eui) - ui (usual romanisation)
ii.ㅘ → “wah”
i. Precisely, /wa/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅘ (wah) = 와 (wah) - wa (usual
romanisation)
jj.ㅟ → “wee”
i. Precisely, /ɥi/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅟ (wee) = 위 (wee) - wi (usual
romanisation)
kk. ㅙ → “wehh”
i. Precisely, /wɛ/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅙ (wehh) = 왜 (wehh) - wae (usual
romanisation)
ll.ㅚ → “weh”
i. Precisely, /we/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅚ (weh) = 외 (weh) - oe (usual
romanisation)
mm. ㅞ → “weh” (slightly shorter than ㅙ)
i. Precisely, /we/
ㅇ (silent) + ㅞ (weh) = 웨 (weh) - we (usual
romanisation)
왜 → wehh
외 → weh
웨 → weh
의 → eui
과 → kwah
뭐 → mwuh
휘 → hwee
괘 → kwehh
쇠 → shweh
궤 → kweh
흰 → heuin
좌 → jwah
둬 → dwuh
귀 → kwee
쇄 → shwehh
괴 → kweh
훼 → hweh
Names of Letters:
o Consonants: (C + ㅣ) + (으 + C)
E.g. ㄴ → (ㄴ + ㅣ) + (으 + ㄴ) = 니 + 은 =
니은
Except:
ㄱ → 기역
ㄷ → 디귿
ㅅ → 시옷
o Vowels: ㅇ + V
E.g.ㅏ → ㅇ + ㅏ = 아
o Double Consonants: 쌍 + Name of Regular
Version
E.g. ㄲ → 쌍 + 기역 = 쌍 기역
“맛” is pronounced as “맏 (mat)”, NOT “마스
(mas)”
“낮” is pronounced as “낟 (nat)”, NOT “나즈 (naj)”
When a syllable ends in ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, or ㅎ, it is
pronounced as ㄷ
E.g. “밌 (meess)” is pronounced as “믿 (meet)”
When a syllable ends in ㅋ, ㄲ, or ㅍ, it changes back
to its regular form
I.e. ㅋ →ㄱ, ㄲ→ㄱ, ㅍ→ㅂ
E.g. “잎 (eeph)” is pronounced as “입 (eep)”
When the first syllable ends in a consonant besides
ㅁ, ㄴ, or ㄹ, and the second syllable begins with ㄱ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅂ, or ㅈ, the consonant of the second syllable
becomes doubled
I.e. ㄱ → ㄲ, ㄷ → ㄸ, ㅅ → ㅆ, ㅂ → ㅃ, ㅈ →
ㅉ
E.g. “없다 (uhpt-tah)” is pronounced “업따 (uhp-
ttah)” (ㅅ becomes ㄷ)
When the first syllable ends in ㅎ, and the next
syllable starts with ㅇ, the ㅎ disappears
E.g. “많아 (mant-ah)” is pronounced “마나 (mah-
nah)”
When a regular consonant comes before or after ㅎ, it
becomes a strong consonant
E.g. “못하다 (moht-hah-tah)” is pronounced “
모타다 (moh-thah-tah)” (ㅅ becomes ㄷ)
When the first syllable ends with ㄹ, and the second
syllable starts with ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, or ㅈ, the initial
consonant of the second syllable usually becomes a
double consonant
I.e. ㄱ → ㄲ, ㄷ → ㄸ, ㅅ → ㅆ, ㅂ → ㅃ, ㅈ →
ㅉ
E.g. “밀당 (meel-tahng)” is pronounced “밀땅
(meel-ttahng)”
Except “얼굴 (uhl-koohl)”, “웰빙 (wehl-beeng)”,
and “알바 (ahl-pah)”
When the first syllable ends with ㅂ, and the next
syllable begins with ㅁ or ㄴ, the ㅂ becomes ㅁ
E.g. “잡는 (jahp-neun)” is pronounced “잠는 (jahm-
neun)”
When the first syllable ends with ㄱ, and the next
syllable begins with ㅁ or ㄴ, the ㄱ becomes ㅇ
E.g. “국물 (koohk-moohl)” is pronounced “궁물
(koohng-moohl)”
When the first syllable ends with ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ, or ㅎ
and the next syllable begins with ㄴ (or sometimes
ㅁ), the final consonant of the first syllable becomes
ㄴ
E.g. “믿는 (meet-neun)” is pronounced “민는
(meen-neun)”
When the first syllable ends with ㅂ and the next
syllable begins with ㄹ, the ㅂ becomes ㅁ, and the
ㄹ becomes ㄴ
E.g. “십리 (sheep-ree)” is pronounced “심니
(sheem-nee)”
When the first syllable ends with ㄱ and the next
syllable begins with ㄹ, the ㄱ becomes ㅇ, and the
ㄹ becomes ㄴ
E.g. “막료 (mahk-ryoh)” is pronounced “망뇨
(mahng-nyoh)”
When the first syllable ends with ㅇ or ㅁ and the
next syllable begins with ㄹ, and the ㄹ becomes ㄴ
E.g. “음료 (eum-ryoh)” is pronounced “음뇨 (eum-
nyoh)”
Except “장르 (jahng-reu)” → “genre”
When ㄴ comes before or after ㄹ, the ㄴ becomes
ㄹ
E.g. “만리 (mahn-ree)” is pronounced “말리 (mahl-
lee)”
When the first syllable ends with ㄷ or ㅌ and the
nyoohk)”
“깻잎 (kkehht-eeph)” is pronounced “깬닙 (kkehhn-
neep)”
“한자 (hahn-jah)” is pronounced “한짜 (hahn-jjah)”
ttah)”
“여권 (yuh-kwuhn)” is pronounced “여꿘 (yuh-
kkwuhn)”
“조건 (joh-kuhn)” is pronounced “조껀 (joh-kkuhn)”
TV”
“저는 나가고 싶어요” → “I want to go out”
“티비” → “TV”, “television”
b. To want sth.
i. Noun +을/를 가지고 싶다: “가지다” means
“to have” or “to carry something around”. “
가지고 싶다” means “to want to have”. “
가지다” can also be shortened to “갖다”
I.e. “가지고 싶다” → “갖고 싶다”
ii. “원하다(원해요)” is an (uncommon) way to
mean “to want sth.”
“To want (to have)” ≠ “To want to do sth.”
movie”
“네, 저는 팝콘을 먹고 싶어요” → “Yes, I want to
eat popcorn”
“저는 팝콘을 가지고 싶어요” → “I want to
“팝콘” → “popcorn”
“핫도그” → “hotdog”
popcorn(object).”
“저는 영화를 보고 싶어요.” → “I want to watch a
movie(object).”
“저는 티비를 봐요.” → “I watch television(object).”
kimchi(object).”
“저는 한글을 배우고 싶어요.” → “I want to learn
hangul(object).”
“만들다” → “to make”
“스포츠” → “sports”
pizza cake.”
“저는 저 케이크를 먹고 싶어요.” → “I want to
that thing.”
“이것은 피자 케이크예요.” → “This thing is pizza
cake.”
“저는 저것을 먹고 싶어요.” → “I want to eat that
coffee.”
“저도 커피를 마시고 싶어요.” → “I also want to
drink coffee.”
“저는 커피를 좋아해요. 케이크도 좋아해요.” →
“커피” → “coffee”
Vocabulary List
1. 안녕 → Hello/Goodbye (casual)
2. 안녕하세요 → Hello (polite)
3. 안녕히 가세요 → Goodbye (to someone leaving)
(polite)
4. 안녕히 계세요 → Goodbye (to someone staying)
(polite)
5. 저 → I/me
6. 은/는 → topic marker
7. 이다 → to be/to equal to
8. 제 → my
9. 이름 → name
10. 반가워요 → Nice to meet you! (polite)
11. 반갑습니다 → Nice to meet you (formal)
12. 반갑다 → to be happy to see
13. 만나다 → to meet
14. 처음 뵙겠습니다 → Nice to meet you
(uncommon)
15. 네 → Yes/Alright/Okay/I understand
16. 아니요 → No
17. 고마워 → Thank you (casual)
18. 고마워요 → Thank you (polite)
19. 고맙습니다/감사합니다 → Thank you
(formal)
20. 감사하다/고맙다 → to be thankful/to be
grateful
21. 아니야 → It is not, You’re welcome (casual)
22. 아니에요 → It is not, You’re welcome (polite)
23. 아닙니다 → It is not, You’re welcome
(formal)
24. 아니다 → to not be
25. 천만에요 → You’re welcome (uncommon)
26. 여기요 → Here (polite)
27. 저기요 → (Over) There (polite)
28. 실례합니다 → Excuse me (formal)
29. 실례하다 → to do sth. impolite
30. 실례지만 → Excuse me, but
31. 실례 → impolite act
32. -지만 → a conjunctive ending
33. 잠시만요 → Only a brief moment
34. 가다 → to go
35. 먹다 → to eat
36. 좋아하다 → to like
37. 보다 → to see
38. 수영하다 → to swim
39. 피자 → pizza
40. 김치 → kimchi
41. 를/을 → object marker
42. -고 싶다 → to want (to do)
43. 티비 → TV/television”
44. 나가다 → to go out (side)
45. -을/를 가지고 싶다 → to want to have
46. 가지다/갖다 → to have
47. 원하다 → to want (uncommon)
48. 영화 → movie
49. 팝콘 → popcorn
50. 핫도그 → hotdog
51. 만들다 → to make
52. 배우다 → to learn
53. 음악 → music
54. 스포츠 → sports
55. 이 (adj.) → this
56. 이것 (noun) → this (thing)
57. 것 → thing
58. 그 (adj.) → that
59. 그것 (noun) → that (thing)
60. 저 (adj.) → that (over there)
61. 저것 → that (thing) (over there)
62. 도 → also/even/too
63. 커피 → coffee
64. 마시다 → to drink
65. 앉 → to sit (down)
66. 보내다 → to send
67. 쓰다 → to use/to write
68. 바쁘다 → to be busy
69. 부르다 → to sing/to call
70. 그렇다 → to be so
71. 하다 → to do
72. 요리(를) 하다 → to cook (lit. to do cooking)
73. 요리 → cooking
74. 맵다 → to be spicy
75. 부럽다 → to be jealous
76. 춥다 → to dance