Important Terms L Environment
Important Terms L Environment
Important Terms L Environment
Kakapao Parrots: critically endangered flightless parrot found only in New Zealand,
Rimu fruit, which is part of the kākāpō diet, is thought to trigger breeding.
Aarogya Maitri Cube: World’s first portable disaster hospital, developed indigenously
under the Project BHISHM
World Food Price Index: Published by the FAO, measure of the monthly change in
international prices of a basket of food commodities (cereals, oilseeds, dairy products,
meat & sugar)
White Sambar Deer: condition called leucism, resulting in white or pale skin, in the
Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka
Nipah Virus: Zoonotic disease, affecting both Humans & Animals, transmitted through
consumption of contaminated food. (No Vaccine Available)
Cryomesh Technology: Freeze and store the larve of corals, will help in Rejuvenating
and maintaining biodiversity
Keeling Curve: Graph that shows long term increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations
& THEAUGAspirant
Changwon Initiative: Land for Life programme under UNCCD
Bamboo Oasis on Land Drought (BOLD): Under Khadi & Village Industries (KVIC)
in Rajasthan, India has 2nd highest bamboo diversity in world, Bamboo is a grass, grows
fast.
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-30): World Restoration Flagship, UNEP +
FAO, Namami Gange is under this programme
Energy Transition Advisory Committee: under Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Short Lived Halogen: Lifetime less than 6 months, from Marine Phytoplankton &
Algae, they increase Methane’s lifetime, Reduce the cooling aerosols
Asian Water Tower - Third Pole, includes Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Tien Shan, Tibet
Plateau
Endosulfan: Pesticide, listed under Rotterdam (PIC) & Stockholm Convention (POP)
PET46 - enzyme that can degrade both long chain & short chain PET
Barium Nitrate: Hazardous Element found in Firecrackers
Ethylene Oxide: Pesticide Residue and Fumigant
SWAS, STAR, SAFAL types of Green Crackers Aspartame Artificial
-
Swetnes
Un-plastic Collective(UPC) - Co founded by CII, UNEP & WWF
Ozone is a secondary pollutant, formed by NOx + VOC react in sunlight & Stagnant Air
Basel Convention: Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste
Rotterdam Convention: Prior Informed Consent, Chemical & Pesticides Trade
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Waigani convention: Ban import of Radioactive wastes into Forum Island Countries,
South Pacific
& THEAUGAspirant
Operation Kachchhap: Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, save baby gangetic turtles
from illegal trade
Omega Block: Two low pressure system become cut off from main flow of jet stream,
sandwiching a high pressure system - Pakistan Floods & Heatwaves in France
Blue Hole: Underwater sinkhole, hotspot of microbial activity, Deepest Blue HOle
Longdong or Dragon Hole in South China Sea
Shelf Cloud: Arcus Clouds, beneath cumulonimbus cloud, reaches the ground, high
biodiversity around here
General Comment No. 26: guidance on how environmental challenges directly impact
children's rights
Note: CBAM not applicable on EU Originating Goods, only when Supplier is Non
EU
Polar Vortex
- Low Pressure & Very Cold Air & THEAUGAspirant
- Pronounced over South Poles - Polar Stratospheric Clouds
- Formed at Very Low Temperature, Traps outgoing Longwave Radiation
- Recently Hunga Tunga Submarine Volcano in southern Pacific caused massive OD
UNFCCC
- Secretariat: Bonn, Germany
- Signed at 1992 @ UN Conference on Env & Development aka Earth Summit
- Initiatives: Change Climate Neutral Now - Measure Reduce and Offset Emissions
UNEP
- HQ @ Nairobi Kenya
- IPCC: WMO + UNEP
- Common Carbon Metric supported by them
- Reports: Adaptation Gap Report, Emission Gap, Global Env Outlook, Global
Climate Litigation Report
WMO
- Under UN, HQ Geneva
- State of Global Climate Report, Green house Gas Bulletin, State of global water
resource
Reports
- Global Stocktake Report: UNFCCC, progress towards Paris Agreement, every 5
years
- IEA: World Energy Outlook, Breakthrough Agenda Report, Netzero Roadmap
report
- IRENA: World Energy Transition Outlook
- FAO: Status of Food & Agriculture
GLOF
- Sikkim Lhonak Lake, Chungthang Dam
- Main Worry is retreating glacier, poor embankments, large damage
CoP 28 Declaration & Key Points
& THEAUGAspirant
- Warsaw Mechanism initiated it
- Administered by World Bank for 4 years
- Declaration on Global Climate Finance Framework (India part of it)
2. Declaration on Climate & Health (UAE + WHO) (India not signed yet)
3. An Eye on Methane Report (by IMEO, Under UNEP)
4. Global Green Credit Initiative: Launched by India, Global Platform for
Nature’s Ecological Transformation
5. Global Renewable & Energy Efficiency Pledge: India not signatory
6. Global Cooling Pledge: India not signatory related to UNEP Cool Coalition
Report
7. G7 Climate Club: Led by Germany & Chile, India not member. Secretariat
OECD & IEA
8. Allied Climate Partners: Philanthropic investment org, focussed on S-E Asia,
Africa, India
9. Alterra Fund: Announced via UAE, bol bachaan climate change investment
baatein mostly
India at CoP 28
- Co-launched LEADIT2.0: Industry Transition, launched by India & Sweden in
2019 UN Climate Action Summit
- Mangrove Alliance: India is also a member, initiated by UAE in CoP27
- Global River City Alliance: India led, Ministry of Jal Shakti & NIUA u/ Min of
Housing & Urban Affairs
India at G20
- MAHARISHI: Millets Research
- Global Biofuel Alliance: Argentine, Brazil, India etc
- Chennai High Level Principles: Sustainable & Resilient Blue Economy
Others
- First Movers Coalition: Led by USA and WEF, India participated, PPP on
carbon intensive sectors
- ENACT Partnership: Nature based solutions for Climate Transformation, India
not a part, launched by Germany & IUCN, use biodiversity to tackle CC
- Global Research Alliance on Agri Green House Gas: India not a member
- Kampala Declaration: Migration, Environment & Climate Change, purely
African Countries
- Data in Climate Resilient Agriculture: UNDP + NABARD, Digital Public Good,
geospatial Data sets
- National Climate Registry launched by UNDP, open source Digital Public Good
- Cool Coalition: UNEP, Cooling Watch Report, ISA & India are partner
- Climate Change Performance Index: India rank improved again 7th now, German
Watch Releases, even Global Climate Risk Index
- Nairobi Declaration: Africa Climate Summit 2023, pledge 100Billion$
- C40: Network of 100 mayors of Leading cities, Some Indian cities part of it too,
tackle Climate Crisis
- Global Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Infra: Launched by WMO. World Weather
Watch
- Incident & Trafficking Database: under IAEA Secretariat of Nuclear &
Radioactive Material
- Clean Energy Ministerial: India Member, Clean tech economy, Clean Energy
Marine Hubs
- Mission Innovation: India founding Member, Make energy clean & accessible
- RISE: Resilient Inclusive Supply Chain Enhancement, by World Bank & G7
under Japan Presidency
Reduction in GHG from Ships by IMO & Marine Env Protection committee under IMO
- India is also the 1st country under IMO’s Green Voyage 2050 Project
- Clydebank Declaration: India not signatory
- Global Maritime Tech Cooperation centres: EU + IMO
- Polar Code: Ships operating in polar water by IMO
CPCB under Water Act, also with Air Act got powers .
- Also launched National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
- 4 Air Pollutants - SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 (PM NS)
- Monitored via PRANA Portal, implementation NCAP
- Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan: Self-assessment of states via Prana Portal by MoEFCC
(NCAP)
Cloud Seeding
- Chemicals: Silver Iodide(Agl), Potassium Iodide, Sodium Chloride, Dry Ice
- Less Effective when Relative Humidity less than 75%, Deep clouds reqd with
temperature from -10°C to -12°C
- Hygroscopic Cloud Seeding: Disperses salts through flares in lower portion of
clouds
- Dynamic Cloud Seeding: Increases Vertical Air currents, more water into clouds
now
- Static Cloud Seeding: Spreading Agl into moisture laden clouds
Brazzaville Declaration: 3 Basins ko save, Congo Basin, Amazon Basin, Borneo Mekon
Basin
Tiger Population
- Statewise: MP>KRN>UTTK
- Reserves: Jim Corbett > Bandipur> Nagarhole > Bandhavgarh > Dudhwa
- Periyar Tiger Reserve ranked as best maintained Tiger Reserve
- Recent Dholpur Karauli TR @ Rajasthan, Chambal River flows through it,
Veeranagna Durgavati TR @MP
Gaj Utsav
- 30 Years of Project Elephant
- Highest Number of Elephant Reserves: Tamil Nadu & Assam > Kerala > Odisha
- West Bengal has the highest Elephant Corridors, India Nepal have transnational
corridors
- Highest Number of Elephats: Karnataka > Assam > Kerala
- Only Male Asian Elephants have tusks, not Female. Both Male Female Africa
Elephants have Tusks
High-Level Champions
- Created in 2015 at COP 21 in Paris, works acc to UNFCCC
- Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action, the Champions specifically
accelerate ambitious climate action among non-State actors
Sites in News
- Lemru ER - Chhattisgarh
- Palamau TR - Jharkhand, River Koyal, Burha, Auranga, Betla NP
- Bura Chapori WLS - Assam also IBA
- Debrigarh WLS - Odisha
- Simlipal NP - Melanin Tiger due to Taqpep gene , Baitarani River tributaries
- Dampa TR - Mizoram, Rivers: Khawtlang Tuipui, Teirei, also IBA, Lushai Hills
- Kadalundi Vallikunnu Community Reserve(CR): 1st RiverFront CR, under WPA
72, Mangrove Forest
MISHTI Scheme - Launched World Env Day, for Mangrove Rejuvenation Centre 80%,
Rest State
ZSI
- Flora & Fauna Database with Botanical Survey of India
- Both Flora Fauna highest species in Kerala
- Narcondam Island: Nicobar, Hornbill & Yellow Rumped Flycatcher
- 75 endemic birds of India Report, 3 Endemic Species not recorded in few
decades: Himalayan Quail, Jerdon’s Courser, Manipur Bush Quail
MAHIR
- Mission on Advanced and High Impact Research
- Under Ministry of Power & Ministry of New Renewable Energy
- IPR of Tech developed would be shared by the GoI & Research Agency
& THEAUGAspirant
Hydrogen Spectrum
- Green: Electrolysis
- Blue: Steam Reformation + CCUS (Natural Gas)
- Grey: Only Steam Reformation (Natural Gas)
- Turquoise: Pyrolysis (Natural Gas)
- Brown: Brown Coal
- Black: Black Goal
- Pink: Electrolysis Nuclear
- White: Naturally Underground
- Green Hydrogen Mission: SHIP & SIGHT, split water into hydrogen & Oxygen
- Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Generated electricity using Hydrogen & Air, e-mobility
landscape
- Working: Hydrogen enters, splits into -ve & +ve, -ve are forced through circuit
generates electricity. +ve pass through cathode, combining with oxygen to form
water
EESL (MoP)
- Jt Venture of PSUs NTPC, Powergrid etc
- Launched National Efficient Cooking Programme
- Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)
- Smart Metering, Street Lighting inhi ka kaam hai pura
- THEAUGAspirant