D Man Civil 2nd Year (Volume I of II) TP

DRAUGHTSMAN CIVIL
NSQF (LEVEL - 5)
2nd Year (Volume I of II)
TRADE PRACTICAL
SECTOR: Construction
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TRAINING

MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL
MEDIA INSTITUTE, CHENNAI
(i) Guindy, Chennai - 600 032
Post Box No. 3142, CTI Campus,
Sector : Construction
Duration : 2 - Year
Trade : Draughtsman Civil 3nd Semester - Trade Practical - NSQF LEVEL 5
Copyright@ 2018 National Instructional Media Institute, Chennai

First Edition : October 2018 Copies : 1,000
First Reprint : February 2019 Copies : 1,000
Rs. 230/-
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the National
Instructional Media Institute, Chennai.
Published by:
NATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA INSTITUTE
P. B. No.3142, CTI Campus, Guindy Industrial Estate,
Guindy, Chennai - 600 032.
Phone : 044 - 2250 0248, 2250 0657, 2250 2421
Fax : 91 - 44 - 2250 0791
email : [email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.nimi.gov.in
(ii)
FOREWORD
The Government of India has set an ambitious target of imparting skills to 30 crores people, one out of every
four Indians, by 2020 to help them secure jobs as part of the National Skills Development Policy. Industrial
Training Institutes (ITIs) play a vital role in this process especially in terms of providing skilled manpower.
Keeping this in mind, and for providing the current industry relevant skill training to Trainees, ITI syllabus
has been recently updated with the help of Mentor Councils comprising various stakeholder's viz. Industries,
Entrepreneurs, Academicians and representatives from ITIs.
The National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI), Chennai, has now come up with instructional material to
suit the revised curriculum for Draughtsman Civil 3nd Semester Trade Practical NSQF Level - 5 in
Construction Sector under Semester Pattern. The NSQF Level - 5 Trade Prcatical will help the trainees to
get an international equivalency standard where their skill proficiency and competency will be duly recognized
across the globe and this will also increase the scope of recognition of prior learning. NSQF Level - 5
trainees will also get the opportunities to promote life long learning and skill development. I have no doubt
that with NSQF Level - 5 the trainers and trainees of ITIs, and all stakeholders will derive maximum benefits
from these IMPs and that NIMI's effort will go a long way in improving the quality of Vocational training in the
country.
The Executive Director & Staff of NIMI and members of Media Development Committee deserve appreciation
for their contribution in bringing out this publication.
Jai Hind
RAJESH AGGARWAL
Director General/ Addl. Secretary
Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship,
Government of India.
New Delhi - 110 001
(iii)
PREFACE
The National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI) was established in 1986 at Chennai by then Directorate
General of Employment and Training (D.G.E & T), Ministry of Labour and Employment, (now under Ministry
of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship) Government of India, with technical assistance from the Govt.
of the Federal Republic of Germany. The prime objective of this institute is to develop and provide instructional
materials for various trades as per the prescribed syllabi (NSQF LEVEL - 5) under the Craftsman and
Apprenticeship Training Schemes.
The instructional materials are created keeping in mind, the main objective of Vocational Training under
NCVT/NAC in India, which is to help an individual to master skills to do a job. The instructional materials are
generated in the form of Instructional Media Packages (IMPs). An IMP consists of Theory book, Practical
book, Test and Assignment book, Instructor Guide, Audio Visual Aid (Wall charts and Transparencies) and
other support materials.
The trade practical book consists of series of exercises to be completed by the trainees in the workshop.
These exercises are designed to ensure that all the skills in the prescribed syllabus are covered. The trade
theory book provides related theoretical knowledge required to enable the trainee to do a job. The test and
assignments will enable the instructor to give assignments for the evaluation of the performance of a trainee.
The wall charts and transparencies are unique, as they not only help the instructor to effectively present a
topic but also help him to assess the trainee's understanding. The instructor guide enables the instructor to
plan his schedule of instruction, plan the raw material requirements, day to day lessons and demonstrations.
IMPs also deals with the complex skills required to be developed for effective team work. Necessary care
has also been taken to include important skill areas of allied trades as prescribed in the syllabus.
The availability of a complete Instructional Media Package in an institute helps both the trainer and
management to impart effective training.
The IMPs are the outcome of collective efforts of the staff members of NIMI and the members of the Media
Development Committees specially drawn from Public and Private sector industries, various training institutes
under the Directorate General of Training (DGT), Government and Private ITIs.
NIMI would like to take this opportunity to convey sincere thanks to the Directors of Employment & Training
of various State Governments, Training Departments of Industries both in the Public and Private sectors,
Officers of DGT and DGT field institutes, proof readers, individual media developers and coordinators, but for
whose active support NIMI would not have been able to bring out this materials.
R. P. DHINGRA
Chennai - 600 032 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
(iv)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI) sincerely acknowledges with thanks for the co-operation and
contribution extended by the following Media Developers and their sponsoring organisations to bring out this
Instructional Material (Trade Practical) for the trade of Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL - 5) under
Construction Sector for ITIs.
MEDIA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Shri. V. Dhanasekaran _ Assistant Director of Training (Retd.),

MDC Member,
NIMI, Chennai - 32
Shri. G. Jeyaraman _ Assistant Training Officer (Retd.),

MDC Member,
NIMI, Chennai - 32
Shri.G. Michael Johny _ Assitant Manager,

Co-ordinator,
NMI, Chennai - 32
NIMI records its appreciation for the Data Entry, CAD, DTP operators for their excellent and devoted services in
the process of development of this Instructional Material.
NIMI also acknowledges with thanks the invaluable efforts rendered by all other NIMI staff who have contributed
towards the development of this Instructional Material.
NIMI is also grateful to everyone who has directly or indirectly helped in developing this Instructional Material.
(v)
INTRODUCTION
Trade Practical
The trade practical manual is intended to be used in practical workshop /Hall. It consists of a series of practical
exercises to be completed by the trainees during the third semester course of Draughtsman Civil under NSQF
Level - 5 Syllabus, which is supplemented and supported by instructions / informatics to assist in performing
the exercises. These exercises are designed to ensure that all the skills in prescribed syllabus are covered.
Module 1 - Building Drawing
Module 2 - Computer Practice
Module 3 - 3D Modeling in CAD
Module 4 - Building Drawing (Public)
Module 5 - Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure
Module 6 - Steel Structures
Module 7 - Public Health and Sanitation
The skill training in the shop floor is planned through a series of practical exercise centered around some
practical object. However, there are few instances where the individual exercise does not from a part of project.
Contents of Trade Theory
The manual of trade theory consists of theoretical information for the third semester course of the Draughtsman
Civil under NSQF - Level 5. The contents are sequenced according to the practical exercise contained in the
manual on trade practical. Attempt has been made to relate the theoretical aspects with the skill covered in each
exercise to the extent possible. This correlation is maintained to help the trainees to develop the perceptional
capabilities for performing the skills.
The trade theory has to be taught and learnt along with the corresponding exercise contained in the manual of
the trade practical. The indications about the corresponding practical exercises are given sheet of this manual.
It will be preferable to teach/learn trade theory connected to each exercise at least one class before performing
the related skill in the shop floor. The trade theory is to be treated as an integrated part of each exercise.
The material is not the purpose of self-learning and should be considered as supplementary to class room
instruction.
(vi)
CONTENTS
Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.
Module 1: Building Drawing
3.1.91 Single storied residential building with atteched bath (flat roof) 1
Single storied residential building with attached bath (flat roof) 3
3.1.92 With the aid of line diagram of the building, prepare plan, elevation and section. 5
3.1.93 Detail of residential building with layout site plan 6
Site plan 8
3.1.94 Create a drawing of building showing set back 10
3.1.95 Showing the key plan 12
Module 2: Computer Practice
3.2.96 Function of keys and practice of base commands 13

3.2.97 Elementary commands (starting a drawing) 20
Drawing area control 23
Drafting setting a display commands 27
Commands & co-ordinate system 32
Basic commands - I 37
Basic commands - II 43
Basic commands - III 49
3.2.98 Creation of object in different layers 55
Layers 56
3.2.99 ISO planes 99
Dimensioning & text 62
Properties & blocks 73
3.2.100 2D drafting doors windows and sanitory fittings using CAD 76
3.2.101 Preparing library folder by creation blocks of prepared drawings 77
3.2.102 Building drawing line diagram of a residence 78
3.2.103 Reading room with R.C.C flat roof 79
3.2.104 Single storied residential building with single bed room (R.C.C flat roof) 81
3.2.105 A residential building with double beded room (R.C.C flat roof) 84
3.2.106 House with single bed and a hall partly tiled and partly R.C.C flat roof 87
3.2.107 Two roomed double storied residential (R.C.C sloped roof with gable end) 88
3.2.108 A house with fully roof with hip and valleys 90
3.2.109 Design a double storied residential building (3 BHK) layout of furniture
electrical appliances and plumbing sanitory fittings 92
(vii)
Module 3: 3D Modeling in CAD
3.3.110 Create and use model space view ports 96

3.3.111 Create a standard engneering layout 97
3.3.112 Create and edit wire frame in CAD 98
3.3.113 Create and edit solid mesh and surface modeling 99
3.3.114 Create and edit simple 2D region and 3D solid model 100
3.3.115 Generate 3D text and dimensions 101
3.3.116 3D model with lights and materials 102
Module 4: Bulding Drawing (Public)
3.4.117 Primary health centre for rural area with R.C.C flat roof 103
3.4.118 Village library building with R.C.C flat roof 105
3.4.119 A small restaurant building with R.C.C flat roof 107
3.4.120 School building with R.C.C flat roof 108
3.4.121 Workshop building with north light steel roof truss 111
3.4.122 Service plans 113
3.4.123 Bank building with R.C.C flat roof 115
Module 5: Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure
3.5.124 Singly reinforced R.C.C rectangular beam 116

Double reinforced R.C.C rectangular beam (partially fixed) 118
3.5.125 R.C.C lintel and sunshade 121
3.5.126 R.C.C stair and details of step 123
3.5.127 Details of bending of bars 125
Bar bendig schedule 129
3.5.128 Simply supported one way slab 132
R.C.C two way slab 136
3.5.129 Tee beam and inverted beam 141
R.C.C cantilever beam 142
R.C.C retaining wall 144
3.5.130 R.C.C continuous column & footing 150
3.5.131 R.C.C continous beam 153
3.5.132 R.C.C framed structure and continuous column 154
Module 6: Steel Structure
3.6.133 Different steel sections 156

Different types of rivet heads 158
Various riveted joints 159
Bolts 160
(viii)
3.6.134 Section and elevation of girders 164

3.6.135 Various beam to beam connections (structural joints) 165
Drawing of beam and to column connection 167
3.6.136 Plate girder 169
Steel roof truss 170
Isometric view of steel stanchion 172
Symbols used in welded joint 174
Symbols used in bolts and nuts 175
Module 7: Public Health and Sanitation
3.7.137 Pipe joints for underground drainage 176

3.7.138 System of plumbing in multistoried building 178
3.7.139 Septic tank and soak pit dispersion trench 181
Man holes 187
Rain water harvesting tank 190
Bio gas plant 191
3.7.140 Diagram of water supply connection scheme 193
3.7.141 R.C.C square over head water tank supported by four column 198
3.7.142 Service plan for isolated building and sewer system 200
3.7.143 Types of sanitary fittings and toilet fixtures 202
3.7.144 Rapid sand filter - water treatment plant (WTP) 210
Flow diagram of sewage treatment plant (STP) 211
(ix)
LEARNING/ ASSESSABLE OUTCOME
On completion of this book you shall be able to
• Draw single storied building site plan layout.

• Create objects on CAD workspace using Toolbars, Commands,
Menus, formatting layer and style.
• Draw a sanction plan of double storied flat root residential building
by using CAD.
• Create objects 3D modeling concept in CAD.
• Prepare a drawing of public building detailing with roofand columns
by frame structures using CAD.
• Prepare detailed drawing of RCC structures using CAD and prepare
bar bending schedule.
• Draw the details of a framed structure and portal frame of a
residential building using CAD.
• Draw the different types of steel sections, rivets and bolts using
CAD.
• Draw the details of girders, roof trusses and steel stanchions using
CAD.
• Prepare the detailed drawing showing the different types of sanitary
fittings, arrangements of manholes, details of septic tank using
CAD.
• Draw the details flow diagram of water treatment plant (WTP) and
swerage treatment plant (STP).
(x)
SYLLABUS FOR DRAUGHTSMAN CIVIL
Third Semester Duration: Six Month
Week Ref. Learning Professional Knowledge Professional Skills

No. Outcome (Trade Theory) (Trade Practical)
with Indicative hours Building:-
Draw single Drawing details of:-

53-54 • Principle of planning
storied 91. Single storied
residential house with • Objectives & importance.
Building site plan • Function& responsibility.
layout. attached bath of both
pitched and flat roof. • Orientation.
(12 hrs) • Local building Bye-Laws as per
92. Making plan, elevation, ISI code.
and section with aid of • Lay out plan & key plan.
line diagrams of the • Submitted in composition of
building. (26 hrs) drawing.
93. Layout and detailing of • Provisions for safety.
residential building. (06 • Requirement of green belt
hrs) and land.
94. Create a drawing of
building showing set
backs. (06 hrs)
95. Showing layout plan
and key plan. (06 hrs)
Create objects on Computer practice:- Computer aided drafting:-

55-56
CAD workspace 96. Function of keys and • Operating system ,Hardware
using Toolbars, practice of basic & software.
Commands, commands. (06 hrs) • Introduction of CAD.
Menus, formatting 97. Use of elementary • Its Graphical User Interface.
layer and style. commands by CAD • Method of Installation.
toolbar. (06 hrs) • Basic commands of CAD.
98. Creation of objects in • Knowledge of Tool icons and
different layers on CAD set of Toolbars.
workspace. (10 hrs) • Knowledge of shortcut
99. Plotting of drawing from keyboard commands.
CAD. (02 hr)
100.2D drafting of flash door,
panel door, window, hand
railing, wash basin,
sewerage pipe joints, etc.
(20 hrs)
101.Preparing Library folder
by creating blocks of the
above items. (12 hrs)
Draw a sanction Building Drawing (Residential) Building Planning:-

57-58
plan of double Prepare:- • Economy & orientation.
storied flat roof 102.Plan, section and • Provision for lighting and
residential building elevation of buildings with ventilation.
by using CAD. specifications for the • Provision for drainage and
given line drawing to sanitation.
suitable Scale. (32 hrs) • Types of building.
103. A Reading room with • Planning & designing of
R.C.C flat roof. (06 hrs) residential , public and
104.A House single storeyed commercial building.
residential building with
Draughtsman civil 3rd semester
59-60 Draw a sanction 105. A residential building with Prefabricated Structure:-
plan of double double beded rooms with • Preparation.
storied flat roof R.C.C. flat roof slab. (10 hrs.) • Method of construction,
residential building 106.House with single bed and assembling.
by using CAD. hall with partly tiled and • Advantages & disadvantages.
partly R.C.C. flat roof slab.
(12 hrs.)
107.Two roomed house with
RCC slope roof with gable ends.
(12 hrs.)
108. A House with fully tiled roof with
hips and valleys. (10 hrs.)
109.Design and create a double
storied residential building
(3BHK) with Positioning layout of
Furniture, Electrical appliances
and plumbing / sanitary fittings.
(12 hrs.)
61 Create objects on 3D modeling in CAD :- (28 hrs) 3D modeling concept in CAD

3D modeling 110.Create and use model space • 3D coordinate systems to aid
concept in CAD. viewports. in the construction of 3D
111. Create a standard objects
engineering layout. • Knowledge of shortcut
112. Create and edit wireframe keyboard commands.
model.
113. Create and edit solid mesh
and surface modeling.
114. Create and edit simple 2D
regions and 3D solid
models.
115. Generate 3D text and
dimensions using a variety of
3D display techniques.
116. Render a 3D model with a
variety of lights and materials.
62-63 Prepare a drawing Building Drawing (Public) • Parks & play ground- Types of
of public building Prepare:- recreation, landscaping. etc
detailing with roof, 117. A Primary health center for • Concepts of design of
column by framed rural area with R.C.C roof. earthquake resisting
structure using (10 hrs.) buildings- requirements
CAD 118. A Village Library building resistance , safety, flexible
with R.C.C flat roof. (06 hrs.) building elements, special
119. A small Restaurant building requirements, base isolation
with R.C.C flat roof. (06 hrs.) techniques.
120. A Single storeyed School
building with R.C.C flat roof.
(10 hrs.)
121. A Small workshop with north
light steel roof truss (6 to
10m Span) over R.C.C.
Columns. (12 hrs.)
122. Service plans. (06 hrs)
123. A Bank building with R.C.C
flat roof. (06 hrs)

64-65 Prepare detailed Drawing details of RCC Reinforced cement concrete
drawing of RCC members structure:-
structures using with reinforcement:- • Introduction to RCC uses.
CAD and prepare 124.Rectangular • Materials - proportions
bar bending beams(Single • Form work
schedule. reinforced & Double • Bar bending details as per IS
reinforced). (17 hrs) Code.
125. Lintel, chajjas & slabs. • Reinforced brick work.
(12 hrs)
126.Stair - details of step. (17
hrs)
Materials used for RCC:-

Draw Reinforced details of RCC
66-68 Prepare detailed • Construction.
members:-
drawing of RCC • Selection of materials - coarse
127. Preparing bar-bending
structures using aggregate, fine aggregate,
schedule. (12 hrs)
CAD and prepare cement water and
128. Details of one-way slab &
bar bending reinforcement.
two-way slab. (20 hrs)
schedule. • Characteristics.
129. T-beam, Inverted beam,
• Method of mixing concrete -
cantilever, retaining wall, Lift
machine mixing and hand
well. (16 hrs)
mixing.
130. Column with footing. (12
• Slump test.
hrs)
• Structure - columns, beams,
131. Continuous columns
slabs - one-way slab & twoway
showing disposition of
slab.
reinforcement. (12 hrs)
• Innovative construction.
132. RCC framed structure,
• Safety against earthquake.
portal frame, B.I.S. Code
• Grade of cement, steelbehaviour
456-2000, SP - 34 and its
and test.
application. (12 hrs)
• Bar-bending schedule.
• Retaining wall.
• R.C.C. Framed structure.
69-70 Draw the different Drawing of different types of:-

Steel structures:-
types of steel 133. Steel sections,
• Conmen forms of steel
sections, rivets rivet,bolts,etc. (16 hrs)
sections.
and bolts using 134. Section and elevation of
• Structural fasteners , Joints.
CAD. girders. (12 hrs)
• Tension & compression
Draw the details of 135. Structural Joints. (12 hrs)
member.
girders, roof 136. Plate girders roof trusses,
• Classification, fabrication.
trusses and steel stanchion etc. (16 hrs)
• Construction details.
stanchions using
CAD
Preparethe Public Health & Sanitation. House drainage of building:-
detailed drawing 137. Drawings of showing • Introduction.
showing the various • Terms used in PHE.
71-73 different types of • Systems of sanitation.
pipe joints for underground
sanitary fittings, drainage. (12 hrs) • System of house drainage.
arrangements of 138. Types of sanitary fittings in • plumbing, sanitary fittings,
manholes, details multi-storeyed building. (12 etc.
of septic tank using hrs) • Types of sewer appurtenance.
CAD. 139. Manholes and septic tank. • Systems of plumbing.
(16 hrs) • Manholes & Septic tank.
Draw the details of 140. Water supply system. (10 • Water treatment plant
rapid sand filter. hrs) • Swerage treatment plant
141. R.C.C square overhead
tank
supported by four columns.
(12 hrs)
142. Preparation of service plan
(drainage plan) for isolated
building & in sewer system.
(10 hrs)
143. Drawings of toilet fixtures.
(06 hrs)
144. Flow diagram of water
treatment plant (WTP) and
Swerage Treatment plant
(STP). (06 hrs)
Project work / on the job training

74-75
Broad area :-
(a) Draw residential building plan of single/ double storied building using CAD for
Municipal/ approval
(b) Prepare drawing of public building detailing with roof, structure etc. using CAD.
(c) Prepare drawing of Bath/ Kitchen/ Reception Hall in details using Auto CAD 3D
modeling with rendering.
76-77 Revision
78 Examination
Note: -
1. Some of the sample project works (indicative only) are given against each semester.
2. Instructor may design their own project and also inputs from local industry may be
taken for designing such new project.
3. The project should broadly cover maximum skills in the particular trade and must
involve some problem solving skill.
4. If the instructor feels that for execution of specific project more time is required than he
may plan accordingly to produce part/ sub-drawings in appropriate time i.e., may be in
the previous semester or during execution of normal trade practical.
5. Drawings at weeks 1 to 54 are in traditional and from 55 to 99 weeks are in computer
drafting.

Construction Exercise 3.1.91
Draughtsman Civil - Building Drawing
Single storied residential building with atteched bath (flat roof)

Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify the thickness of wall
• draw the plan of building
• draw the section of the building
• draw the elevation of residence.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the plan of the building, section on AA and front elevetion of the residence (Fig 1)
• Select a scale of 1:50 • Create the rooms as per the Figure.
• Layout the drawing sheet for plan, section and • Erase the unnecessary construction lines.
Elevation.
• Mark the position of door, windows etc.
• Prepare the plan starting from the corner of Living
• Furnish the dimensions and notes where ever needed.
room.
• Complete the plan.
• Draw wall thickness as per the scale.
TASK 2 : Draw the section (Fig 2)

• Draw a horizontal lines shows the ground level • Furnish the foundation details as shown.
• Identify the position of cutting plane • Hatch the section as per the materials used.
• Create projection lines for walls. as per the room size. • Furnish the dimensions.
• Draw the basement line, roof line, parapet- line etc. • Complete the section.
TASK 3 : Draw the elevation (Fig 2)

• Draw projection lines from plan and section. • Finish the required elevation by outlines.
• Remove the unwanted projection lines and develop the • Complete the working drawing with specification
elevation. schedule of joinery and other details
• Furnish the door, window, sunshade details etc.
1
2 Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.1.91
Single storied residential building with attached bath ( pitched roof)
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• draw the plan section and elevation of single storied residential building with attached bath
• prepare the working drawing of a building with pitched roof.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working of a single bed room residence with pitched roof
• Draw the plan. (Fig 1a) • Draw the roof line (pitched roof) in dashed lines as
• Draw the rooms as per sizes given in the plan, with a shown in (Fig 1a)
wall thickness of 300mm for walls and 100mm for • Dimension the plan.
partition walls.
• Draw the section “AA”. (Fig 1b)
• Draw the plinth line and the pillar.
• Draw the foundation basement and flooring as per given
• Provide doors, windows, ventilators, and steps. specification.
Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.1.91 3

• Above that draw the outer wall first. Draw the section • Draw the proper symbols.
of next wall (height 3600mm) 2500mm from that wall.
• Dimension the section fully.
• Draw the section of other walls, doors and steps as
• Print the specifications.
per Figure.
Draw elevation (Fig 1c)
• Draw the roof in 30°. Draw the wall plates on the wall.
• Project plan and section and develop the elevation as
• Draw the common rafters battens and ridge piece.
shown in Fig 1c.
• Draw the side view of roof by drawing lines closely at
top and spacely at bottom.

With the aid of line diagram of the building, prepare plan, elevation and
section
• identify the size of rooms wall thickness
• identify the number and positions of wall opening
• draw the line diagram of the residential building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the given line sketch of the pitched roof residence in a scale of 1:50 Fig 1
1 Seclect a scale of 1:50. 6 Furnish the details of rooms, positions of door,
windows etc.
2 Draw a right angled corner indicating the verandah.
7 Draw the roof lines in dashed lines as shown.
3 Draw parallel and perpendicular lines as per the room
arrangements, size of room etc. 8 Dimension the figure as per the datas given.
4 By using outlines finish the positions of rooms. 9 Specify the scale and related notes.
5 Erase the unwanted construction lines, if any. 10 Complete the required line sketch.
5
Detail of residential building with layout site plan

• identify the various interior and exterior furnishings details of a residence
• practice the template for apt interior furnishings
• draw the layout and detailings a building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the given sketch using templates (Fig 1)

• Draw the plan to a scale of 1:50. • Furnish the surrounding details as shown, for lawn.
swimming pool, garden etc.
• Select the template and create the furniture.
• Complete the drawing.
6
Site plan
• identify the different set backs in a plot
• create a site plan showing details.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the site plan as per given sketch (Fig 1)
• Select a scale of 1:400 and draw the plan of the plot • Create dimensions and other required notes as shown.
as per given dimensions.
• Identify and mark the front, rear and side yards.
• Draw a horizontal line from the front boundary at a
convenient distance : say 4:10 m. ( minimum 3.00m • Draw symbols for north direction.
from boundary)
• Complete the required drawing.
• Create the outer line of building by providing given set
backs. (Fig 2)

Create a drawing of building showing set back

Objectives : At the end of this excercise you shall be
• draw a plan of able to single bed room residental building
• draw a set back layout of the building.
TASK 1 : Draw a plan of single bed room residental building

DATA
• Bed Room = 3.73m  3.63m • Kitchen = 3.6m x 2.7m
• Living Room = 3.6m x 5.36m • Bath = 2.3m x 1.5m
• Verandah = 3.83m x 2.27m • WC = 1.2m x 1.5m
TASK 2 : Draw a setback layout of the building (Fig 1)
DATA
• Size of plot : 18.3m x 12.2m. • Set Back (minimum 1 12 m).
• Building frontage : 1 Road width + 3m. • Left side back 1 12 m.

2
• Frontage (minimum 3m). • Draw and complete set back layout.
10
Showing the key plan

Objective : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• preparing a key plan to your I.T.I from the nearest railway station/bus termunal.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1
• Prepare a key plan to your I.T.I to display at the • Bus termenal to your I.T.I Campus.
entrance. • Indicate the details of the surrounding of your I.T.I.
• The key plan should be prepared from the nearest • To draw the key plan for you I.T.I refer the key plan
railway station. shoun in Fig 1.
Fig 1
12
Draughtsman Civil - Computer Practice
Function of keys and practice of base commands

• identify basic computer terms
• start auto CAD four ways.
Hardware Software
Microprocessor Operating systems
The complex procedure that transforms raw input data When you turn on the computer, it goes through several
into useful information for output is called “processing”. steps to prepare itself for use.
The Processor is the “brain” of the computer. The processor
The first step is a self-test. This involves:
interprets and carries out instruction. In personal
computers the processor is a single chip plugged into a a Identifying the devices attached to it ( such as the
circuit board. This chip is called a microprocessor. monitor, mouse and printer).
Central processing Unit (CPU) b Counts the amout of memory available.
The CPU is the term used for the computer’s processor c Checks to see if the memory is functioning properly.
unit. The CPU contains the intelligence of the machine. It
The second step is searching for a specifal progarm called
is where the calculations and decisions are made.
the operating system. When the computert finds the
Memory (RAM) operating system, it loads it into memory (remember
RAM), The operating system enables the computer to:
Your CPU needs memory to hold pieces of information
while it works. While this informations in memory, the a Communicate with you.
CPU access it directly. This memory is called random
b Use devices such as the disk drives, keyboard and
access memory (RAM). RAM holds information only while
monitor.
the power is on. When you turn off or reset the computer,
the information disappears. The oprating system is now ready to accept commands
form you. The operating system continues to run until the
The more RAM a computer has, the quicker it works and computer is turned off. Exmples of opeating systems are:
the more it can do. Windows 7,8 windows NT, ME, 2000, XP,OS/2, Unix and
The most common of measurement for computer memory more.
is the byte. A byte can be described as the amount of
Note: 1. Apple/Macintosh computers have their own
memory it takes to store a single character. A kilobyte(KB)
operating system.
equals 1,024 bytes. A Megabyte (MB) equals 1,024
kilobytes, or 1,048,576 bytes. So a computer with 64 MB 2 AutoCAD new version will not work with windows 98 or
of memory actually has (64 × 1,048,576) 67,108,864 Apple/Macintosh.
bytes. This is equal to approximately 1024 pages of Application software
information,
The operating system is basically for the computer. The
Input/output devices application Software is for the user. Application Software
Input devices accept date and instructions from the user. is designed to do a specific task.
The most common input devices are the keyboard, mouse There are basically four major categories:
and scanner. Output devices return processed data back
to the user. The most common output devices are the Business. Utility, Personal, and Entertainment.
monitor, printer, speaker and plotter. Business application software would be desktop
Storage publishing, spreadsheet programs, database software and
graphics, AutoCAD is a ‘graphics’ business application
The purposes of storage is to hold data that the computer software.
isn’t using. When you need to work with a set of data, the
computer retrieves the data from storage and puts it into Utility application software helps you maintain your
memory. When it no longer needs the data, it puts it back computer. You would use a utility program to recover an
into storage. There are 2 advantages to storage. First, accidentally deleted file, improve the efficiency of your
there is more room in storage and second, storage retains computer and help you move, copy or delete files. Norton
its contents when the computer is turned off, Storage Utilities is an example of a ‘utility application” software.
devices include: Hard disks (inside your computer), per
drives, zip disks, CDR//w, pocket harddiscs, etc.
13
Personal application software is basically what is sounds
like. This software is designed for your personal needs,
such as: balancing your checkbook, making an address
book, creating a calendar and many more tasks.
Entertainment application software are video games,
puzzles, filght simulators and even educational programs.
Starting AutoCAD
To Starat AutoCAD, select the START button/programs/
AutoCAD. If one of the dialog boxes shown be low does
not appear automatically. Select the system take to
change your settings.
Prefer these dialog boxes for trainee new to AutoCAD.
But after you become an “expert” you may disable this
option.
Notice the four buttons located in the upper left corner of
this dialog box. Each button provides a different way to Use a template
start a drawing. A brief description of each is listed below. Allows you to choose a previously created template. You
Open a drawing can choose one of the templates supplied with AutoCAD
or create your own.
Allows you to select a drawing from a list of the most
recently opened drawings or select the “Browse” button We will be creating a template in exercise 6.03
to search for more drawing files. After you select the file
desired, select the OK button. The file selected will appear
on your screen. (This option is only active when you first
enter AutoCAD. Normally you will use file/open.
Use of a wizard
Allows you to start new drawing using either the “Quick”
or “Advanced” setup wizard sets the units, angle, angle
measurement, angle direction and area for your new
Start from scratch drawing.
Allows you to begin a new drawing from scratch. Starting
from scratch means all settings are preset by AutoCAD.
You must select the measurment system on which to
base your new drawing; Imperial or Metric.

Opening AutoCAD 1 Open a drawing: To open an already saved drawings.
For starting Auto CAD, double click the Auto CAD icon 2 Starts an empty drawing using default imperial or metric
on the desk top or CAD from start menu, if startup dialog settings. Auto CAD stores this setting in the
box not shown in GUI, follow the following. measurement system variable. You can change
Procedure: right click on the screen measurement system for a given drawing by using the
measurement system variable.
Select option.
Imperial: Starts a new drawing based on the Imperial
Option dialogue box. measurement system. The default drawing boundary
Select system tab. (The drawing limits) is 12 x 9 inches.
Click on the startup. Metric: Starts new drawing based on the metric
measurement system. The default drawing boundary
Select show startup dialogue box. (the drawing limits) is 420 x 297 millimeters.
3 Use a template: Starts a drawing based on a drawing
template file.
4 Use a Wizard: Sets up a drawing using a step-by-
step guide. You can choose from two wizards: Quick
set up and Advanced Set up.
Starting up AutoCAD
Select AutoCAD option on the program menu or select
the AutoCAD icon on the desktop.
Startup dialogue box shown below. In the startup dialogue

box, four options are available such as, open drawing,
start from scratch, use a template and use a wizard.
1 Opening a drawing.
2 Start from scratch.
3 Use template.
4 Use a wizard.

Once one program is loaded into memory, the AutoCAD Note that AutoCAD automatically assigns generic name,
drawing screen will appear on the screen. Drawing X, as new drawings are created. In our example,
AutoCAD opened the graphics window using the default
system units and assigned the drawing name Drawing 1.
Getting famillar with the autocad window

• identify basic computer terms
• identify function keys
• start auto CAD four way.
Getting familiar with the autocad window
Before you can start drawing you need to get familiar with the AutoCAD window. In the following lessons, will be you
referring to all of the areas described below.
So it is important for you to understand each of them. But This is where you will draw. This area represents a piece
remember, this page will always be here for you. of paper.
Drawing area The color of this area can be changed using Tools/Option/
Location: The large area in the center of the screen. Display Color.

2 Crosshairs/cursor The increment spacing can be changed at any time using
tools / Drafting Setting / Snap and Grid.
Location: Can be anywhere in the drawing area. The
movement of the cursor is controlled by the movement of [ Ortho ] (F8)
the pointing device such as a mouse. You will use the
When Ortho is ON, cursor movement is restricted to
cursor to locate points, make selections and draw objects.
horizontal or vertical. When Ortho is OFF, the cursor moves
The size can be changed using Tools/Options/Display.
freely.
Crosshair size.
[Polar ] (F10)
3 Command line
Polar tracking creates “Alignment paths” at specified
Location: The three lines at the bottom of the screen.
angles.
This is where you enter commands and Autocad will
prompt you enter commands and Autocad will prompt [Osnap] (F3)
you to input information.
Running object snap. Specific object snaps can be set to
4 Coordinate display (F6) stay active untill you turn them off.
Location: Lower left corner. [Otrack] (F11)
In the Absolute mode (coords = 1) displays the location Object Snap tracking
of the crosshais / cursor in reference to the origin. The Creates Alignment paths at precise positions using
first number represents the horizontal movement (X asix), objects snap locations.
the second number represents the vertical movement (Y
axis) and the third number is the Z axis which is used for [ LWT ]
3D. Line weight. Displays the width assigned to each object.
In the relative polar mode (coords = 2) displays the Model.
distance and angle of the cursor from the last point Switches your drawing between paperspace and model
entered. (Distance < Angle) space.
5 Status bar 6 UCS ICON (User coordinate system)
Location: Below the command line. Location: Lower left corner of the screen. The UCS icon
Display your current settings. These settings can be indicates the location of the Origin. The UCS icon
turned on the and off by clicking on the word (snap, grid, appearance can be changed using: View/ Display/ Icon
ortho, etc.) or by pressing the function keys, F1, F2 etc. / Properties.
See button description below. 7 Origin
[ Snap ] (F9) The location where the x,y, and Z axes intersect. 0,0,0
Increment snap controls the movement of the cursor. If it
is off, the cursor will move smoothly. If it is ON, the cursor
will jump in an incremental movement.
FUNCTION KEYS
F1 Help Explanations of commands.

F2 Flipscreen Toggles from Text Screen to Graphics Screen.
F3 Osnap Toggles Osnap On and off.
F4 Tablet Toggles the the tablet On ane Off.

F5 Isoplane Changes the Isoplane fron Top to Right to Left.
F6 Coordinate display Changes the display from ON/Off/
F7 Grid Toggles the Grid On or Off.
F8 Ortho Toggles Ortho On or Off.
F9 Snap Toggles Increment Snap on or off.
F10 Polar Toggles Polar Tracking On or Off.
F11 Otrack Toggles Object Snap Tracking On and Off.

Special key functions Dialog box
Escape key cancels the current command, menu or Many commands have multiple options and require you
Dialog box. to make selections. These commands will display a dialog
box. Dialog boxes, such as the hatch dialog box shown
Enter key ends a command, or will repeat the previous
here, make selecting and setting options easy.
command if the command line is blank.
Tool bars
Space bar same as the enter key, except when entering
text. AutoCAD provides several toolbars to access frequently
used commands.
Pull-down “MENU BAR”
The standard, object properties, draw, and modify
1 The pull-down “MENU BAR” is located at the top of
toolbars are displayed by default.
the screen.
Toolbars contain icon buttons
file edit view insert format tools draw dimension modify
express window help. These icon buttons can be selected to draw or edit objects
and manage files.
by selecting any of the words in the menu bar, a (2) pull
down menu appears. If you select a word from the pull If you place the pointer on any icon and wait a second, a
down menu that has an (3) arrow a (4) sub menu if you tool tip will appear and a help message will appear at
select a word with (5) ellipsis.... a dialog box will appear. the bottom of the screen.
(Example: draw/boundary....)

Elementary commands (starting a drawing)

• starting a new drawing
• opening a template
• create a template.
Starting a new drawing

Pulldown menu: file, new.
When you invoke this command Autocad displays the
select template dialogue box.(If you selected “show
startup dialogue box’ from option dialogue box you cannot
see the following dialogue box. Instead of this you can see
the start up dialogue box itself)
Create a template.
Now you can create a template. This will be a very
easy task.
Opening a template
The template that you create by using F 8. It will appear
as a blank screen, but there are many variables that have
been preset. This will allow you to start drawing
immediately. You will learn how to set those variables
before you complete this workbook, but for now will
concentrate on learing the AutoCAD commands and
hopefully, have some fun.
Let’s start by opening the “1 Workbook”
1 Start AutoCAD as follows.

Start button/programs/AutoCAD.
The 3 letter extension for drawing file is

drawing If a dialog box appears select the
“Cancel” Button.
1 Select file/new
2 Select file/open.
2 Select use a template box (third from the left).
3 Select the directory in which the files located.(click
3 Select 1 workbook helper. dwt from the list of templates.
on the)
4 Select the ok button.

8 Type a description and the select the “OK” button.
Now you have a template to use for lesson 2 through
8. At the beginning of each of the exercises you will
be instructed to open this template.
Using a template as a master setup drawing is good
CAD management.
4 Select the file “Workbook and then “Open” button.

5 Select “File / save as”
6 Select the “File of type” down arrow to display Creating a new drawing
different saving formats. Select “ Autocad drawing
template (*.dwt)”. New command
Create a new drawing file.
The 3 letter extension for template is “dwt”.
1 Choose File, new. or
A list of all the AutoCAD templates will appear. (Your 2 Press Ctrl + N or
list may be different)
3 Click The new icon or
7 Type the new name “1 Workbook” in the file name”.
4 Type New at the comand prompt.
box and then select the save button.
Command: new
The “1” before the name will place the file at the top of
the list. 5 Choose One of the options for creating a
new drawing.
AutoCAD displays numerical first and then
6 Click The ok button.
alphabetical.

7. Save the drawing as another name. 1 Choose File, save or save as
TIP: New drawings can also be created from template 2 Type Save or save as at the command
files. prompt command: Save or Save as
3 Press Enter
4 Type A new drawing name or keep the
existing drawing name.
5 Click The ok button.
Open existing drawings

1 Choose File, open. or
2 Press Ctrl + O
3 Click The open icon. or
4 Type Open at the command
prompt.command: open
5 Press Enter Various file type can be saved as
6 Double click The desired directory to find the TIP: Clicking the dropdown list for file type changes the
drawing to open. format that the drawing can be saved in.
7 Click the drawing name to open. Quick save
8 Click The ok button. The Qsave command is equivalent to clicking Save on

the file menu.
If the drawing is named, AutoCAD saves the drawing using
the file fromat specified on the open and save tab of the
Options dialog box and does not request a file name. If
the drawing is unnamed, AutoCAD displays the save
drawing. As dialog box (see save as) and saves the
drawing with the file name and format you specify.
1. Press Ctrl + S.
or
2. Click The save icon.
or
3. Type Qsave at the command prompt,
Preview shows a bitmap image of the drawing selected. Command: Qsave.
This image is the view that was last saved in the drawing.
Tips: Drawings can be saved as different versions of
Saving drawings AutoCAD (e.g. R13, R14, R2000, etc.)
Saves the most recent changes to a drawing. The first AutoSave settings under Tools, options...
time an unnamed drawing is saved the “Save As” Dialog
box appears. AutoCAD saves its drawings as files with
extensions ending in . DWG.

Existing AutoCAD
1. Choose File, exit.
or
2. Type Quit at the command prompt.
Command: Quit
3. Press ENTER.
4. Click Yes to save changes or No to
discard changes.
Drawing area control

• identify method of entering commands
• practice drowing command set up
• practice drawing area set up.
Methods of entering commands Drawing units setup

AutoCAD has 3 different methods of entering commands. Every object we construct in a CAD system is measured
All 3 methods will accomplish the same end result. in Units. We should determine the system of units within
AutoCAD allows you to use the method you prepare. The the CAD system before creating the first geometric
following are descriptions of all 3 methods and an example entities.
of how each one would be used to start command such
as the line command.
1 Pull down Menu (Ex-6-02) (select draw / line).
a Move the cursor to the Menu Bar.
b Click on a Menu header such as “Draw”.
c Slide the cursor down the list of commands and click
to select.
2 Tool bars (Ex-6-2) (select the line icon from the draw
tool bar).
Move the cursor to an icon on a toolbar and press the
left mouse button.
3 Keyboard (Type L and <enter>).
Type the command on the command line.
What is a shortcut menu?
1 In the menu bar select:
In addition to the methods listed above, AutoCAD has
[Format] [Units]
shortcut menus. Shortcut Menus give you quick access
to command options. Shortcut Menus are available when The AutoCAD menu bar contains multiple pull down menus,
brackets [] enclose the options, on the command line. where all of the AutoCAD commands can be accessed.
(Example below) To activate a Shortcut Menu, press the Note that many of the menu items listed in the pull-down
right mouse button. menus can also be accessed through the Quick Access
toolbar and / or Ribbon panels.
Example
2 Click on the length type option to display the different
Select: draw /circle / center, radius._circle specify center
types of length units available. Confirm the length type
point for circle or [3P / 2P/ Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
is set to decimal.
If you press the right mouse button now, the shortcut
3 On your own, examine the other settings that are
menu on the left will appear. This allows you to select
available.
the options 3P, 2P, or Ttr with the mouse rather than typing
your selection.

grid. It also serves as a visual reference that marks the
working area. It can also be used to prevent construction
outside the grid limits and as a plot option that defines an
area to be plotted / printed. Note that this setting does
not limit the region for geometry construction.
1 In the menu bar select:
[Format] [Drawing Limits]
2 In the command prompt area, the message “Reset

model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [on/
off] <0.00,0.00>.” is displayed. Press the ENTER key
once to accept the default coordinates <0.00,0.00>.
3 In the command prompt area, the messsage “specify

upper right corner <12.00,9.00>” is displayed. Press
the ENTER key again to accept the default coordinates
<12.00,9.00>.
4 On your own, move the graphic cursor near the upper
right corner inside the drawing area and note that the
drawing area is unchanged. (The drawing limits
command is used to set the drawing area, but the
display will not be adjusted until a display command
4 In the drawing Units dialog box, set the length type to is used.)
decimal. This will set the measurement to the default
english units, inches.
5 Set the precision to two digits after the decimal point
as shown in the above Figure.
6 Pick ok to exit the drawing units dialog box.
Drawing area setup
Next, we will set up the drawing limits by entering a
command in the command prompt area. Setting the
Drawing Limits controls the extents of the display of the

Setting limits of a drawing 48 (Scale factor - common arch, scale factor is 1:1)
In AutoCAD The drawing must be drawn in full scale. So 24 Width- see table below for paper size.
limits are needed to size up a drawing area. The limits
(example 210 x 297) Since we are printing in “land
are determined by the following factor.
scape “ mode, we enter the bigger number of the
i Size of drawing. paper size first.
ii Space needed for dimensions, notes and other details. 18 Length - Smaller number from the list below.
iii Space between different views. Once MVSETUP is finished, it will show a rectangle. This
is the area where your grid wil show up if you have the
iv Space for the border and a title block etc.
grid on. This box is pretty much useless so just erase it.
Limits You will not need it.
Pull down: Format, drawing limits. From here, set up dimensions styles, text styles. layer.
Command: Limits. If these settings will used in other drawings here are two
The command LIMITS allows you to change the upper suggestions, the first of which is recommended because
and lower limits of the drawing. it is less error prone.
1 After creating the desired settings, do a save-as and
Example: Set the drawing screen to A4 size (210 x 297)
save t as a . dwt. All of the settings that you created
Command: LIMIT. will be saved.
Specify lower left corner or (ON/OFF) <0.000,0.000>: 2 After using this drawing, open it and erase all objects.
Specify upper right corner <12.000,9.000>: 210,297 The settings will remain but you will have to hunt
down the objects that need to be erased in layouts.
Give ZOOM command with ALL option to view all the
drawing 2 Setting units of a drawing
area (A4 size) Every object you create is measured in drawing units.
Before you start to draw, you must decide what one
MVSETUP = Multiview Setup drawing unit will represent based on what you plan to
MVSETUP offers two different setup options depending draw. Then you create your drawing at actual size with
on whether you are in Model Space or in a Layout (Paper that convention. For example, a distance of one drawing
Space). unit typically represents one millimeter, one centimeter,
one inch, or one foot in real - world units.
In model space- you set the units type, drawing scale
factor, and paper size at the command prompt using UNITS Command is used to set the units of measure,
MVSETUP. Using the settings you provide, a rectangular angle measurement, direction and precision.Pull down
border is drawn at the grid limits. Menu: Format, UNITS
In Paper Space - you can insert one of several predefined Command: UNITS
title blocks into the drawing and create a set of layout If you enter-units at the command prompt, UNITS displays
viewports within the title blocks. You can specify a global prompts on the command line.There are five fundamental
scale as the ratio between the scale of the title block in types of units i.e. Decimal, architectural, engineering,
the layout and the drawing on the Model tab. The model fractional & scientific.
tab is most useful for plotting multiple views of a drawing
within a single border. The text window displays the following prompt.
MVSETUP commands There are five fundamental types of units i.e. Decimal,
architectural, engineering, fractional & scientific.
No (to not create a new layout tab - we will do this in
another lesson) There are five fundamental types of units i.e.
A (Metric units)

Icon/Button Description
Decimal, Architectural, Engineering, Fractional &

Scientific.
Report formats: (Examples)
1 Scientific (1.55E + 01)
2 Decimal (915.50)
3 Engineering 1’-3.50”
4 Architectural 1’-3 1/2”
5 Fractional 15 1/2
Enter choice, 1 to 5 <Current >: Enter a value (1-5)
or press ENTER
The following prompt for decimal precision is
displayed if you specify the scientific, decimal, or
engineering format. Enter number of digits to right
of decimal point (0 to 8 ) <Current >: Enter a value
(0-8) or press ENTER.
The following prompt for the denominator of the
smallest fraction is displayed if you specify the
architectural or fraction format.
Enter denominator of smallest fraction to display.
(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,or 256) <current>: Enter a
value (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,or 256) or press ENTER
Inserting scale
Controls the units of measurement for blocks and
drawings that are inserted into the current drawing.
A block or a drawing that is created with units that
are different from the units specified with this option
is scaled when inserted. The insertion scale is the
ratio of the units used in the source block or drawing
and the units used in the target drawing and the
units used in the target drawing. Select Unitless to
insert the block without scaling it to match the
specified units.

The next prompts is for angle formats and precision.
System of angle measure: (Exmaple)
1 Decimal degree 45.000
2 Degree/minutes/seconds 45d0’0.
3 Grads 50.000g.
4 Radians 0.78454r.
5 Surveyor’s units N 45d0’0”E.
Enter choice ,1 to 5< Current>:Enter a value (1-5)
or press ENTER.
Enter number of fractional places for display of
angles (0-8) <Current>:Enter a value (0-8) or press
ENTER.
The next prompt is for the direction for angle 0.

Direction for angle 0:
East 3 o’clock = 0.
North 12 o’clock = 90.
West 9 o’ clock = 180.
South 6 o’ clock = 270.
Enter direction for angle 0<current>: Enter a value
or press ENTER.
The default direction for 0 degrees is to the east
quadrant, or 3 o’ clock. The default direction for
positive angular measurement is counterclockwise.
Measure angles clockwise? [Yes/No]
<current>: Enter y or n or press ENTER.
Select the unit you want from the dialogue box.
This unit is used for dimensioning of the drawing.
Input from the user accepted in this unit only.
Drafting setting a display commands

• practice the drafting setting
• identify the visual reference
• identify esc, undo, redo
• practice display commands.
Drafting Settings
Drafting settings includes the commands for initial setting Snap: Snap is used to move the cursor at a defined value.
of a drawing. Some of the drafting settings are snap, This will set a position on the drawing quickly and
grid, polar tracking, osnap. accurately. The snap mode can be switched ON / OFF
Switches the grid on/off by pressing function key F9.
Set the size of the grid in the current drawing units

Ortho: Ortho command forces lines to be drawn exactly
perpendicular directions. While using this command we
have to turn ortho ON/OFF (otherwise press F8 according
to our need
The grid and snap mode option can be turned ON or OFF
through the status bar. The status bar area is located at
the bottom left of the AutoCAD drawing screen, next to
the cursor coordinates.
Grid: Grid command is used to display dots, which is

easy for us to fix the points. But these dots were not
printed. Grid points have default spacing of one unit. We
can change the spacing too. This mode can be ON / OFF
by using the function key F7.
Object snap settings
Object snap settings are used to pick a geometric point
on an object. Object snap mode can be ON / OFF by
using the function key F3 or by clicking O snap button on
the status bar. There are various options for object snap
settings such as end point, mid point, centre, quadrent
etc.
The second button in the status bar is the snap mode

option and the third button is the grid display option. Note
that the buttons in the status bar area serve two functions:
(1) the status of the specific option, and (2) as toggle
switches that can be used to turn these special options
on and off. When the corresponding button is highlighted,
the specific option is turned on. Using the buttons is quick
and easy way to make changes to these drawing aid
options. Another aspect of the buttons in the Status Bar
is these options can be switched on and off in the middle
of another command.
2 Move the cursor inside the graphics window, and

estimate the distance in between the grid lines by
watching the coordinates display at the bottom of the
screen.
Grid on
The grid option creates a pattern of llines that extends
1 Left-click the grid button in the status bar to turn on
over an area on the screen. Using the grid is similar to
the grid display option. (Notice in the command prompt
placing a sheet of grid paper under a drawing. The grid
area, on the massage “<Grid on>” is also displayed.)
helps you align objects and visualize the distance between
them. The grid is not displayed in the plotten drawing.
The default grid spacing. Which means the distance in
between two lines in the screen, is 0.5 inches. We can
see that the sketched horizontal line in the sketch is about
4.5 inches long.

Snap mode on
1 Left- click the snap mode button in the status bar to • If a command is not responding the way you expect.
turn on the snap option.
• If you want to cancel a command you started.
• If you clicked a point on the screen unintentionally.
• If a dialogue box appears on the screen accidently.
In all these cases above, pressing Esc once will free the
command line.
Example
2 Move the cursor inside the graphics window, and move Issue the line command, click a point on the screen and
the cursor diagonally on the screen. Observe the then press the esc key to cancel the command.
movement of the cursor and watch the coordinates
display at the bottom of the screen. Using undo
SNAP mode is on, the screen cursor and all input You can undo the last command by typing U at the
coordinates are snapped to the nearest point on the grid. command line and pressing the enter key, or by clicking
The default snap interval is 0.5 inches, and aligned to the on the Undo icon on the tool bar.
grid points on the screen. Using redo
In case of any mistake The Redo command will reinstate the last command you
Pressing the ESC key applied undo to. You may undo as may commands as
like you, but you may only redo once.
The Esc key at the top of the key board will get you out of
most problems you encounter using AutoCAD. Here are
some examples of the times you would press Esc key.

Display commands
Zoom
Zoom command enlarges or reduces the view of the screen. The zoom tool bar may be accessed from the
drawing. When we are working on a drawing it is always standard tool bar at the top of the screen or from the
required to bring the area of our interest to focus on to the dropdown menu > view >Tool bars....> Zoom. The icons
are
Icon Function
This allow you to select a window or box around the area you want to magnify.
This is both zoom and pan. When the command is issued a view box will be
displayed with the drawing inside. The view box can be resized (Zoom) and moved
around pan.
The drawing is at a scale of 1.A zoom scale of 2 doubles the magnification of the
drawing, while 0.5 halves it.
Allows you to pick a point which will be the center of the zoom area.
Just click on it zoom in on the drawing. You may preset the amount it zooms in a the
command line.
Just click on it zoom out from the drawing. You may preset the amount it zooms out
at the command line.
This zooms to show the complete electronic page you set up. It zooms out to the
electronic sheet limits.
This will zoom to fit the complete drawing on the screen.
This displays the last view created by zoom, pan or view command.
Pan
Pull down menu: view, pan.
The cursor changes to a hand cursor.
By holding down the pick button on the pointing device, drawing area is unchanged. (The Drawing Limits
you lock the cursor to its current location relative to the command is used to set the drawing area, but the display
view port coordinate system. Graphics within the window will not be adjusted until a display command is used.)
are moved in the same direction as the cursor.
Inside the Menu Bar area
when you reach a logical extent (edge of the drawing
space), bar is displayed on the hand cursor on the side Select: [View] [Zoom] [All]
where the extend has been reached. Also a message is Zoom All command will adjust the display so that all
displayed in the status bar as “already bottom most objects in the drawing are displayed to be as large as
extent”. Depending upon whether the logical extent is at possible. If no objects are constructed, the Drawing Limits
the top, bottom, or side of the drawing, the bar is either are used to adjust the current viewport.
horizontal (top or bottom) or vertical (left or right side).
Move the graphic cursor near the upper - right comer inside
When you release the pick button, panning stops. You the drawing area and note that the display area is updated.
can release the pick button move the cursor to another
In the menu bar area select: [View] [pan] [Realtime]
location in the drawing, and the press the pick button
again to pan the display from that location. The available pan commands enable us tomove the view
to a different position. The pan - realtime function acts as
On your own, move the graphic cursor near the upper-
if you arre usisng a video camera.
right comer inside the drawing area and note that the

Move the cursor, which appears as a hand inside the display toward the right and top side until we can see the
graphics window, near the center of the drawing window, sketched line. (Notice the scroll bars can also be used
then push down the left - mouse - button and drag the to adjust viewing of the display.)
Commands & co-ordinate system

• use draw command line
• practice co-ordinate system
• use modify command erase.
Draw commands Line Undo

From tool bar: Line Erase the most recent segment of a line sequence.
Entering “U” more than once back tracks through line
Draw menu: Line
segments in the order you created them.
Command : Line, L
Co-ordinate system in autocad
Example:
All drawings are superimposed on an invisible grid, or
Command: L - Line co-ordinate system, with a horizontal X-axis and a verticasl
Specify first point: Select one point on the screen Y-axis.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select second point on the You can establish grid and snap setting that match the
screen units of the co-ordinate system or some multiple or fraction
of it.
Specify next point or [Undo]:
1 Absolute co-ordinate system (X, Y): To enter an
Continue absolute coordinate, specify a point by entering its X
Continue a line from the end point of the most recently and Y values in the format X,Y. (Fig 1)
drawn line Use absolute coordinate when you know the precise X
If the most recently drawn line is an arc, its end point and Y values in the point from the origin. The following
defines the starting point of the line, and the line is drawn sequence of coordinates draw a triangle, as shown below.
tangent to the arc. Command _ Line specify first point: 2,2
Close Specify next point or [undo]: 8,2
Ends the last line segment at the beginning of the first Specify next point or [undo]: 8,6
line segment, which forms a closed loop of line
segments.You can close after you have drawn a serious Specify next point or [undo]: 5,6
of two or more segments. Specify next point or [undo]: 5,4
Specify next point or [undo]: 2,4

Relative rectangular co-ordinate system @ X
distance, Y distance (Fig 2)
Use relataive coordinates when you know the position
of a point with respect to the previous point, the relative
rectangular coordinate is represented in the following
format.
@Distance<angle
Command: _ line specify first point:2,3.
Specify next point or [undo]: @ 4<0.
Specify next point or [undo]: @ 4<90.
Specify next point or [close / undo]: @ 4<180.
Specify next point or [close / undo]:c.
Drawing lines with the line command
1 Move the graphics cursor to the first icon in the draw
panel. This icon is the line icon. Note that a brief
description of the line command appears next to the
cursor.
X displacement, Y-displacement
2 Select the icon by clicking once with the Left - mouse-
Command:_ line specify first point:2,2
button, which will activate the line command.
Specify next point or [undo]: @ 4,0
3 In the command prompt area, near the bottom of the
Specify next point or [undo]: @ 0,4 AutoCAD drawing screen, the message “ - line specify
point:” is displayed. AutoCAD expects us to identify
Specify next point or [Close/ undo]: @ 0,-2
the starting location of a straight line. Move the
Specify next point or [Close/ undo]: @ -2,0 graphics cursor inside the graphics window and watch
the display of the coordinates of the graphics cursor
Specify next point or [Close/ undo]: @ c
at the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing screen. The
Relative polar co-ordinate system @ distance angle three numbers represent the location of the cursor in
(Fig 3) the X,Y, and Z directions. We can treat the graphics
Polar co-ordinate system uses a distance and an angle window as if it was a piece of paper and we are using
with reference to the previous point to locate a point. Angle the graphics cursor as if it were a pencil with which to
is measured in anti-clock direction, taking 0° towards right. draw.
We will create a freehand sketch of a five - point star
The relative polar coordiante is representing in the following
format. using the Line command. Do not be overly concerned
with the actual size or the accuracy of your freehand
sketch.
4 We will start at a location about one - third from the and toward the right side of point 1. Notice the rubber
bottom of the graphics window. Left - click once to band line that follows the graphics cursor in the
position the starting point of our first line. This will be graphics window. Left - click again (pint 2) and we
point 1 of our sketch. Next move the cursor upward have created the first line of our sketch.
7 Notice that the Line command remains activated even

after we connected the last segment of the line to the
starting point (point 1) of our sketch. Inside the graphics
window, Click once with the right - mouse-button
and a popup menu appears on the screen.
5 Move the cursor to the left of point 2 and create a

horizontal line about the same length as the first line
on the screen.
6 Repeat the above steps and complete the freehand
sketch by adding three more lines (from point 3 to
point 4, point 4 to point 5, and then connect to point 5
back to point 1).
8 Select enter with the left - mouse - button to end the

line command. (This is equivalent to hitting the
[ENTER] key on the keyboard.)
9 Move the cursor near point 2 and point 3, and estimate
the length of the horizontal line by watching the
displayed coordinates for each point.

ERASE
There are 3 methods to erase (delete) objects from the
drawing. You decide which one you preper to use. They
all work equally well.
METHOD 1
Select the Erase command first and then select ther
objects
1 Start the Erase command by using one of the following.
TYPING = E <enter>.
PULLDOWN = MODIFY / ERASE
TOOLBAR = MODIFY
2 Select objects: Pick one or more objects
Select objects: Press <enter> and the objects will
disappear.
METHOD 2
Select the objects first and then the Erase command
from the shortcut menu 4 Right - mouse - click once to accept the selections.
The selected two lines are erased.
1 Select the object (s) to be erased.
The last command
2 Prees the right mouse button.
1 Inside the graphics window, click once with the right-
3 Select “Erase” from the short - cut mentu.
mouse-button to bring up the popup option menu.
METHOD 3
2 Pick repeat erase, with the left - mouse - button, in
Select the objects first and then the delete key the popup menu to repeat the last command. Notice
1 Select the object (s) to be erased. the other options available in the popup menu.
2 Press the delete key. 3 Move the cursor to a location that is above and toward
the left side of the entities on the screen. Left - mouse
Very important : If you want the erased objects to - click once to start a corner of a rubber - band window.
return, press U <enter> or Ctrl + Z or the Undo arrow
icon. This will “Undo” the effects of the last Move the cursor toward the right and below the entities,
command. and then left-mouse-click to enclose all the entities inside
the selection window. Notice all entities that are inside
Using the ERASE command the window are selected.
One of the advantages of using a CAD system is the
ability to remove entities without leaving any marks. We
will erase two of the lines usisnsg the Erase command.
1 Pick Erase in the modify toolbar. (The icon is a picture
of an eraser at the end of a pencil.) The message
“Select objects” is displayed in the command prompt
arrea and AutoCAD awaints us to select the objects
to erase.
2 Left - cllick the SNAP MODE button on the status bar
to turn OFF the SNAP MODE option so that we can
more easily move the cursor on top of objects. We
can toggle the Status Bar options ON or OFF in the Inside the graphics window, right-mouse-click once to
middle of another command. proceed with erasing the selected entities.
3 Select any two lines on the screen; the selected lines When your own create a free hand sketch of your chice
are displasyed as dashed lines as shown in the figure using the line comman. Experiment with using the different
below. commands we have discussed so far, Reset the
To deselect an object from the selection set, hold down satusbutton so that only the GRID DISPLAY option is
the [SHIFT] keyand select the object again. turned ON as shown.

Practice - III (Fig 5)
Instructions
1 Start a New file. (Fig 6)
2 Draw the objects below using.
Draw / Line.
Ortho (f8) ON for Horizontal and Vetical Lines.
Ortho (f8) OFF for lines drawn on an Angle.
Increment Snap (f9) ON
Practice - I Osnap (f3) OFF
Instructions
1 Start a New file
2 Draw the objects below using
LINE command.
Ortho (f8) ON for Horizontal and Vertical lines.
Ortho (f8) OFF for lines drawn on an Angle.
Increment Snap (f9) ON Osnap (f3) OFF.
3 Save this drawing using:
Practice - II (Fig 4)
Instructions 3 Save this drawing using.
1 Using drawing DRG NO ERASE the missing lines. File / Save as DRG NO.
2 Save this drawing using:
File / Save as / DRG NO.
Practice - IV (Fig 7)
Instructions
1 Start a New file.
Draw / Line.
Osnap (f3) OFF.
3 Save this drawing using.
File / Save as (give file name).
Basic commands - I
• create circle
• create arcs
• creat polygon.
Creating circles
The menus and toolbars is AutoCAD 2013 are designed • TTR - Tangent, Tangent, Radius: Draws a circle with
to allow the CAD operators to quickly activate the desired a specified radius tangent to two objects.
commands. • TTT - Tangent, Tangent, Tangent: Draws a circle
tangent to three objects.
Circle
AutoCAD provides the following ways of drawing circles.
1 In the Draw toolbar, click on the little triangle below

the circle icon. Note that the little triangle indicates
additional options are available.
2 In th aws a circle based on two endpoints of the
diameter. 1 Centre and radius (Fig 1)
Notice the different options available under the circle This is the classical method. The first point define the
submenu. circle‘s center,
• Center, radius: Draws a circle based on a center point The second one radius
and a radius.
Example
• Center, diameter: Draws a circle based on a center
point and a diameter. Command. : Circle or C.
• 2 points: Draws a circle based on two. 3P / 2P / TTR /<Center point>. : 200,200.
• 3 Points: Draws a circle based on three points on the Diameter / <Radius>. : 150.
circumference.

4 3 Points (Fig 4)
With this option the user can specify two points
constituting the end points of the circles diameter.
Example
Command : Circle or C
3P/2P/TTR/<Center point> : 3P
First point on Diameter : 200,200
Second point on Diameter : 400,400
Third point on Diameter : 300,350
2 Centre and diameter (Fig 2)

After the circle’s center has been defined the diameter
can be given
Example
3P/2P/TTR/<Center Point> : 200, 200
Diameter/<Radius> :D
Diameter : 300
5 Tangent, tangent and radius (Fig 5)
This option allows the user to define two tangential points
and then the circle’s radius. In order to invoke this option
it should have two entities draw. The circle can be drawn
between Tangentially to two lines, two circles, or two Arc’s
or combination of any two.
Example
3P/2P/TTR/<Center point> : TTR.
Enter Tangent Space : Pick by using
mouse on the
entity drawn already.
3 2 Points (Fig 3 )
Radius : 100
With this option, the user can specify two points
constituting the end points of the circles diameter. AutoCAD procides 11 different ways of drawing Arcs.
Example
3P/2P/TTT/<Center point> : 2P
First point on Diameter : 200,200
Second point on Diameter : 400,400
1 3 Points (Fig 6)
In this method three points define the Arc’s Start point,
Second point that the Arc passes through, and the arc’s
end point.

Center refers to the center point of the circle of while the
arc is a part.
Example
Command : Arc or A
Center/<Start point> : 400,400.
Center/End<Second point> : C.
Center point : 350,400.
Angle/Length of chord/
<End point> : 50,450.
3 Start point, centre, included angle (S,C,A) (Fig 8)
In this method first specify the start point of the arc, then
the center point or the arc, and then the include angle
between the start point and the end point of the arc.
Example
Command : Arc or A
Angle/Length of Chord/
<End point> : A.
Included Angle : 90.
4 Start point centre, length of chord (S,C,L) (Fig9)

2 Start point, centre, end point (S,C,E) (Fig 7) the center point of the arc and then the chord length.
Example
Command : Arc or A.
Center Point : 350,400.
Angle/Length of Chord/
<End point> : L.
Length of Chord : 80.
5 Start point, end point, radius (S,E,R) (Fig 10)
the end point and finally the radius of the arc.

Example Center/End<Second point> : E.
Command : Arc or A. End point : 350,450.
Angle/Direction/Radius/
<Center point> : D.
Center/End<Second point> : E.
Direction from start point : 90.
End point : 350,450.
<Center point> : R.
Radius : 75.
8 Start point, end point, centre point (S,E,C) Fig 13

the end point and finally the center point of the arc.
Example
6 Start point, end point, included angle (S,E,A) Command : Arc or A.

(Fig 11) Center/<Start Point> :400,400.
In this method first specify the start point of the arc, then Cener/End<Second point> : E.
the end point and finally the included angle of the arc.
Example
Command : Arc or A. <Center point> : 350,400.
Cener/<Start Point> : 400,400.
Center/End<Second point> : E.
<Center poinmt> : A.
Included angle : 90.
7 Start point, end point, starting direction (S,E,D)
(Fig 12)
the end point and finally the starting direction of the arc
from the start point.
9 Centre point, start point, end point (C,S,E)
Example (Fig 14)
Command : Arc or A. In this method first specify the center point of the arc,
Center/<Start point> : 400,400. then the start point and finally the end point of the arc.
Example Center point : 350,400.
Command : Arc or A. Stat point : 400,400.
Center/<Start point> : C. Angle/Length of chord/<End point> : A.
Center point : 350,400. Included angle : 90.
Stat point : 400,400.
Angle/Length of chord/
<End point> : 350,450.
Ellipse
This command approximates an ellipse is to choose the
default options:
10 Centre point, start point, length of the chord 1 Ellipse by axis and eccentricity (Fig 17)
(C,S,L) (Fig 15)
Example
In this method first specify the center point of the arc,
then the start point and finally the length of chord. Command : Ellipse or EL.
Example Axis end point of ellipse or (Arc/Center) : 400,400.
Command : Arc or A. Other end point of axis : 500,400.
Center/<Start point> : C. Distance to other axis or [Rotation] : 75.

Stat point : 400,400.
Angle/Length of chord/<End point> : L.
Length of chord : 75.
2 Ellipse by axis and rotation (Fig 18)
11 Centre point, start point, included angle (C,S,A)

(Fig 16)
In this method first specify the center point of the arc,
then the start point and finally the included angle.
Example
Command : Arc or A.
Center/<Start point> : C.

Example 1 Centre of polygon, inscribed circel, radius
(Fig 21)
Command : Ellipse or EL.
Example
Axis end point of ellipse or (Arc/center) : 400,400.
Command : POL.
Other end point of axis : 500,400.
POLYGON Enter number of sides : 6.
Distance to other axis or [Rotation] : R.
<default>
Rotation around major axis : 60.
Center of polygon or [Edge] : 400,400.
3 Ellipse by centre and two axes (Fig 19)
[Inscribed in circle/
Example Circumscribed about circle]<I> : I.
Command : Ellipse or EL. Specify radius of circle : 50.
Axis end point of ellipse or (Arc/center) :400,400.
Center of ellipse : 400,400.
Axis end point : 500,400.
Distance to other axis or [Rotation] : 75.
2 Centre of polygon, circumscribed about circle

radius of circle (Fig 22)
Example
Command : Polygon/POL.
POLYGON Enter number of
sides<default> : 6.
4 Ellipse by centre, one axis, and rotation (Fig 20)
Center of polygon or [Edge] : 400,400.
Example
[Inscribed in circle/
Command : Ellipse or EL.
Circumscribed about circle]<I> : C.
Axis end point of ellipse or (Arc/center) : C.
Radius of circle : 50.
Center of ellipse : 400,400.
Axis end point : 500,400.
Distance to other axis or [Rotation] : R.
Rotation around major axis : 60.
3 Edge option (Fig 23)

Example
Command : Polygon/POL
POLYGON Enter number of : 6.
sides <default>
Center of polygon or [Edge] : E.
Polygon
First end point of edge : 400,400.
This command allows the user to draw regular 2D
polygons. Second end point of edge : 400,500.

Doughnut (Donut) (Fig 24)
This command allows the user to draw filled circles and
rings
Example of filled circle option
Command : Donut.
Inside diameter <default> : 0.
Out side diameter <default> : 50.
Center of doughnut : 100,100.
Example for rings (Fig 25)

Command : Donut.
Inside diameter <default> : 30.
Out side diameter <default> : 50.
Center of doughnut : 100,100.
Basic commands - II
• erase oops move copy offset rotate
• scale fillet trim champer extend break
• join mirror array strech lengthen explode.
Modifying commands
Modifying commands are used for modifying the existing
drawings. Thus it helps to prepare a final drawing
incorporating the necessary changes and a lot of time is
saved. Modifying commands are properties, erase, copy,
mirror, offset, array,move,rotate, scale, trim, extend,
explode etc.
1 Erase (Fig 1)
This command allows the user to specify entities
permanently removed from the drawing. The selection
Tool bar : Modify, Erase.
can be made with any of the standard SELECT OBJECT
method. Pull down : Modify, Erase.
Command : Erase./ E.

Example 4 Copy (Fig 4)
Command : Erase or E. Tool bar : Modify, Copy.
Select objects : Select the objects using mouse. Pull down : Modify, Copy.
Select objects : Command : Copy.
2 Oops (Fig 2) This command is used to copy the existing drawing to
another place.
This command restore objects that have been
unexpectedly erased by the previous ERASE command Example
Example Command : Copy or Co or CP
Command : Erase or E Select objects : Select object to Copy
Select objects : Select the objects using mouse Select objects : One found
Command : Oops Base point or
displacement : Select a base point.
Second point of
displacement : Drag cursor at desired place and click
mouse.
3 Move (Fig 3)
This command is used to move a single or a set of objects
to a new location on a drawing.
Tool bar : Modify, Move.
Pull down : Modify, Move.
5 Offset (Fig 5)
Command : Move / M.
Tool bar : Modify, Offset.
Example
Pull down : Modify, Offset.
Command : Move or M.
Command : Offset / O.
Select objects : Select circle.
Select objects : One found.
Select objects :
Base point or displacement : Click A as basepoint.
Second point of displacement : Select B.
This command is used to draw parallel lines, concentric

circle, arcs etc. When offset is used, it is necessary to
specify the offset distance and side of offset.
Command : Offset or O.
Offset distance or
through <current> : 10.
Select the object : Select the circle.
Side to offset : Specify the side for offsetting.
6 Rotate (Fig 6)
This command is used to rotate an object or set of objects
to a specified angle.
Tool bar : Modify, Rotate.
Pull Down : Modify, Rotate.
Command : Rotate / Ro.
Example
Command : Rotate / Ro.
Select objects : Select the object by window. 8 Fillet (Fig 8)
Select objects : Three found. This command is used to connect two parallel lines, arcs
etc., smoothly by a curve of specified radius.
Select objects :
Tool bar : Modify, Fillet.
Specify base point or displacement: Click A as basepoint.
Pull down : Modify, Fillet.
Specify rotation angle or [Copy / Reference] < default>:
Command : Fillet or F.
Specify rotation angle or [Copy / Reference] < default>:
20. Example
Command : Fillet or F
Current settings : TRIM, Radius = 0,0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
R
Specify fillet radius<0.0000>
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
Select A
Select second object or shift - selected to apply corner:
Select B
7 Scale (Fig 7)
This command is used to change the size of an object
9 Trim (Fig 9)
Tool bar : Modify, Scale
This command is used to removed a part of a line, circle
Pull down : Modify, Scale
or arc based on a cutting edge.
Command : Scale / SC
Tool bar. : Modify, Trim.
Example
Pull Down. : Modify, Trim.
Command : Scale / SC
Command : Trim or TR
Select objects : Select the object by window.
Example
Select objects : Three found.
Command : TR TRIM.
Select objects :
Select objects or <Select all>: Select cutting edge, 1
Specify scale factor or : 2. found
[Copy/Reference]<Default>
Select objects:

11 Extend (Fig 11)
This command is used to extend the shorter lines to meet
another object.
Tool bar : Modify, Extend.
Pull down : Modify, Extend.
Command : Extend or EX.
Example
Command : Extend or EX.
Select boundary
Select object to trim of shift - select to extend or edges.
[Fence / Crossing / Project / Edge / eRase / Undo]: Select Select objects

object to trim. or <Select all> : Select A, 1 found.
Select object to trim or shift - select to extend or Select objects:
[Fence / Crossing / Project / Edge/ Erase/ Undo]: Select object to extend or shift - select to trim or [Fence/
Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:Select B.
10 Chamfer (Fig 10)9.9.
Select object to extend or shift - select to trim or [Fence/
This command is used to join two non parallel lines with Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:
an intermediate line. It produces an inclined surface at
the edge of two intersetting lines.
Tool bar : Modify, Chamfer.
Pull down : Modify, Chamfer.
Command : Chamfer or CHA.
Example
Command : Chamfer or CHA.
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 <Default>, Dist2
<Default>.
Select first line or [Undo Polyline/Distance/Angle/.
Trim/mEthod/Multiple] : D.
Specify first chamfer distance <0.5000>. 12 Break (Fig 12)1.11.
Specify second chamfer distance <3.0000>. This command is used to erase a part of an object between
two points.
Select first line:
Tool bar : Modify, Break.
Select second line:
Pull Down : Modify, Break.
Command : Break or BR.
Example1 : To break a line
Command : Break or BR.
Select objects : Select A.
Specify second
break point : Select B.

13 Join (Fig 13)2.12. This command is used to make multiple copies of an
object in rectangular or polr (circulr) patterns.
This command is used to join two lines.
Example :1
Tool bar : Modify, Join.
Command : Array.
Pull down : Modify, Join.
Select objects : Select circle of radius 5.
Command : Join or J.
Rectangular or polar : R.
Example
array ( R/P)
Command : Join or J. Select source object.
Number or rows
Select lines to (----) <1> : 4.
join to source : Select A and B.
Number of columns
(III) <1> : 3.
Unit cell or distance
between Rows (----) : 3.
Distance between
columns (III) : 3.
Example :2
14 Mirror (Fig 14)
Command : Array.
Tool bar : Modify, Mirror.
Select objects : Select circle C1.
Pull down : Modify, Mirror.
Rectangular or
Command : Mirror or MI. polar Aarray ( R/P) : P.
This command is used to create a miror image of the Base /<Centre point
select objects. After selecting the objects the beginning of Array> : Select circle C2.
point and end point of a mirror line is entered.
Number or Items : 4.
Example
Angle to fill <360> : Press to acept 360°.
Command : Mirror.
Rotate objects as they
Select object : Select the object. are copied ? <Y> : Enter Y or N.
Select object :
First point of : Specify the first point.
mirror line
Second point : Specify the second point.
Delete old object ? : Enter Y for deletion, N for
retaining <N> the previous object.
15 Array (Fig 15)

Tool bar : Modify, Array.
Pull down : Modify, Array.
Command : Array or AR.

16 Strech (Fig 16) This command will split the component objects such as
blocks, polylines, regions etc. If you explode a ployline
Tool bar : Modify, Strech.
the result will be ordinary lines or arcs.
Pull down : Modify, Strech.
Example : 1
Command : Strech or S.
Command : EXPLODE or X.
This command is used to lenghten or shorten the line or
Select an object : Select the rectangle.
objects.
Example :1
Command : STRETCH.
Select objects to stretch by crossing - window
Select objects : Select A and B by crossing - window.
Select objects :
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>.
Specify second point: Mouse click at C.
19 SCALE (Fig 19)

Choose Modify, Scale.
Click the Scale icon.
Type SCALE at the command prompt.
Command : SCALE.
Select objects: (Select Objects).
Pick A pivot point to scale about base
point : (point).
17 Lenthen (Fig 17)
Type A rotation angle <Scale factor> /
Tool bar : Modify, Lengthen.
Reference: (number).
Pull down : Modify, Lengthen.
or
Command : Lengthen or LEN.
Pick A scale factor< Scale Factor>/
This command is used to lengthen or shorten a line. Reference: (Point).
Example :1 Scale factor / Reference: (points).
Command : LEN or LENGTHEN. Scale by specifying length
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/Dynamic]: T
(Current length: 10).
Specify total length of [Angle] <1.0000)>:15.
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select line AB
Select an object to change or [Undo]
18 Explode (Fig 18)

Tool bar : Modify, Explode.
Pull down : Modify, Explode.
Command : Explode or X.

You can show AutoCAD the reference length (by pointing Editing multiline (Fig 20)
to the two endpoints of a line to be scaled), and then
specify the new length. You can specify the new length
by pointing, or by dragging the object.
1 Type R to define a reference length
Scale factor / Reference: (R)
2 Choose A reference scale factor.
Reference length; (number or points)
3 Choose A new scale factor.
New length: (number of points) .
can be closed to form enclosed to form enclosed shapes.
A closed multiline automatically joins the beginning and
end of the shape. When you are drawing a multiline shape,
the command option 'c' closes the shape otherwise just
press enter to finish the command.
Basic commands - III

• point rectangle
• revision cloud spline multilines
• construction line (xline) ray hatch.
1 Point
This command is used to display a point on the screen First comer or (Chamfer / Elevation / Fillet / Thickness /
(Drawing area). Width) : 2,1
Command : Point. Other corner (Area / Dimension / Rotation): 5,6.
Point : 5,6. Chamfer : Used for chamfering the edges.
Changing the point type. Fillet : Used for filleting the edges.
Normally the point appears as a dot on the screen, the Width : to change the width.
style in these dialog box by clicking the pointing device
(mouse) then select the OK button. Thickness: allows to draw rectangle that projects in Z-
direction by the specified value of thickness.
Command : PDMODE.
Elevation: allows to draw a rectangle at a specified
Pull down : Format, point style. distance from the XY-plane along the Z-axis.
While using the pull - down menu, the point style dialogue 3 Poly line
box will appear select a point style in this dialog box by
clicking the pointing device (mouse) then select the OK This command is used to draw poly lines. The PLINE
button. command functions like the LIKE command with
additional option like arc, length, width, etc.
Command : PDMODE.
Example
New value for PDMODE<current>: Enter new value (2) .
Command : P LINE.
Command : Point.
Start point : select a point.
Point : (2.2).
Current the width is 0.0000.
2 Rectangle
Next point or (Arc / Half width / Length / Undo / Width):
This command is used to draw Rectangle.
Select P1.
Example
Next point or (Arc / Close / Half width / Length / Undo /
Command : RECTANGLE / REG. Width): Select P2.
1 Width: To change the width of the poly line, enter W Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
atlast prompt. It asks you to enter the starting width Enter.
and ending width of the poly line.
2 Undo: This erase the most recently drawn poly line
segment. This can be invoked by entering U at the
last prompt.
3 Length: This asks you to enter the length of a new
poly line segment. This can be invoked by entering U
at the last prompt.
Practice 1: Instructions (Fig 3)
4 Half width: This is used to specify the starting and
ending hald width or a poly line. This can be invoked 1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook helper. Dwt.
by entering H at last prompt. 2 Draw the objects below using:
5 Arc: This is used to draw poly arcs from the previous DRAW / LINE.
point. It provides the various option for drawing poly
arcs. The Arc option can be invoked by entering a last ORTHO ON for Horizontal lines.
prompt. OBJECT SNAP = ENDPOINT.
4 Revision cloud (Fig 1) 3 Save this drawing as. (Fig 3A)
This command is used to high light your mark-ups.
Example
Command : REVCLOUD.
Minimum arc length: 2.0000 Maximum arc length: 3.0000
Style: Normal specify start point or (Arc length / object /
Style) <Object>: Specify start point.
Guide crosshairs along cloud path:
Revision cloud finished.
5 Spline (Fig 2) Practice 2: Instructions a (Fig 4)

Example 1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook helper. Dwt
Command : SPLINE. 2 Draw the 2 vertical and 4 horizontal lines using.
Specify first point or [Object]: Click on the first point. DRAW / LINE.
Specify next point: <Ortho off>. ORTHO (F8) = ON.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: SNAP (F9) = OFF.
Click on the point. 3 Then draw the diagonal lines using.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: DRAW / LINE.
Click on the point.
ORTHO & SNAP = OOF.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Click on the point. OBJECT SNAP = INTERSECTION.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 4 Save this drawing as. ( Fig 4A)
Click on the point.

Set the precision to ½"
A warning may appear asking you if you "are

sure you want to change the units"? Select
the OK button.
3 Using FORMAT / DRAWING LIMITS set the drawing

limits to.
Lower left corner = 0.0
Upper right corner = 25, 20
4 Use VIEW / ZOOM / ALL to make the screen adjust
to the new limits
5 Turn OFF the GRIDS (F7) SNAP (F9) and ORTHO
Practice 3: Instructions (F8)
1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook dwt. (Your screen should be blank and your crosshair
should move freely)
2 Using FORMAT / UNITS:
6 Draw the Lines below using.
Set the units to DECIMALS.
DRAW / LINE
Set the precision to 0.00.
OBJECT SNAP = MIDPOINT.
limits to : 7 Save this drawing as.
Lower left corner = 0,0. Practice 5: Instructions (Fig 5)
Upper right corner = 12,9. 1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook helper. dwt.
4 Use view/zoom/ all to make the screen adjust to the 2 Draw the house below using at least 4 commands.
new limits. 3 You can change the GRID and INCREMENT SNAP
5 Turn OFF the GRIDS (F7) SNAP (F9) and ORTHO setting to whatever you like.
(F8) 4 You decide when to turn Ortho and Snap On or Off.
(Your screen should be blank and your crosshair should Have some fun with this one.
move freely). 5 Save this drawing as.
6 Draw the Lines below using.
DRAW / LINE.
OBJECT SNAP = MIDPOINT.
7 Save this drawing as.
Practice 4: Instructions (Fig 4A)
1 Using a new file and select 1 workbook helper. dwt.
2 Using FORMAT / UNITS
Set the units to ARCHITECTURAL

1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook helper. dwt.
2 Draw the rectangles below using the options,
dimension, chamfer, fillet and width.

1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook dwt.
2 Using FORMAT / UNITS.
Set the units to FRACTIONAL.
Set the precision to ½".
limits to:
Lower left corner = 0,0.
Upper right corner = 20,15.
4 Use view/zoom/all to make the screen adjust to the
new limits.
5 Turn OFF the GRIDS (F7) SNAP (F9) and ORTHO
(F8).
(Your screen should be blank and your crosshair
should move freely).
Practice 7: Instruction (Fig 6)
DRAW / CIRCLE (CENTER, RADIUS) and LINE.
1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook dwt.
OBJECT SNAP = CENTER and TANGENT.
2 Using FORMAT / UNITS:
Very important: Use the Tangent option at each end of
Set the units to FRACTIONAL
the line. AutoCAD needs to be told that you want
Set the precision to ¼". each end of the line to be tangent to a circle.

limits to:
Lower left corner = 0,0.
Upper right corner = 12,9.
4 Use VIEW / ZOOM / ALL to make the screen adjust 6 Multilines (Fig 7)
to the new limits. This command allows you to draw between 1 and 16 lines
5 Turn OFF the GRIDS (F7) SNAP (F9) and ORTHO parallel to each other. You must tell AutoCAD the distance
(F8). between the parallel lines.
(Your screen should be blank and your crosshair Pull down menu : Draw, Multiline.
should move freely). Command : Draw multiline, mI.
6 Draw the objects below using: Once the command is issued, Autocad responds with
DRAW / CIRCLE (CENTER, RADIUS) and LINE. Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style=
OBJECT SNAP = QUADRANT. STANDARD.
7 Save this drawing as. Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/Style]:

AutoCAD draws a ray and continue to prompt for though
points so you can create multiple rays. Press to end the
command.
Scale is the distance in units between the parallel lines.

Justification determines where the start point of a vertex
is. Both these settings are illustrated in the diagram below.
Top, Zero and Bottom refer the justification.
Multiline can be closed to form enclosed to form enclosed
shapes. A closed multiline automatically joins the
beginning and end of the shape. When you are drawing a
multiline shape, the command option ‘c’ closes the shape
otherwise just press enter to finish the command.
Editing multiline
Command line: mledit
Menu: Modify, object, multiline
When the command is issued, the mulitiline edit tools
dialogue box is displayed. The box is divided in to four
columns. Each column helps you to edit a different type
of intersection.
7 Construction line (X line)
X line is a linear object, which starts at infinite and ends
at infinite, or we can say that it is a line, which has no
start or end point but passes through a specified point. 9 Hatch (Fig 8)
These lines are used for projections. Hatch is used to fill an area defined by lines arcs, circles
Command : X line. or poly line with either a predefined pattern, a user defined
pattern or a simple hatch pattern. It is used to show the
Specify a point or [hor/ver/ang/bisect/offset]: use one of section of solids or objects.
the point fixing methods or enter.
An option. Eg. H.
Specify through point: Use one of the point fixing methods
8 RAY
Ray creates semi infinite lines commonly used as
construction lines. A ray has a finite starting point and
extends to infinity.
Command : Ray.
Menu : Draw, Ray.
Specify start
point : Fix a point on the screen.
Specify through point

Tool bar: Draw, Hatch. Space: Model space, Handle = d8a, Closed, Constant
width 0.0000
Pull down menu: Draw hatch B.
Area 16486.7990, perimenter 551.6401.
Command: Hatch or H.
Distance
This allows you to hatch a region enclosed within a
boundary by selecting the objects to be hatched. When Pull down menu: Tools, inquiry, distance.
you invoke the HATCH command. The hatch and gradient
To measure the distance between two points.
dialogue box is displayed. This dialogue box has several
options which give various aspects of hatching. Command: Dist.
Command: Hatch or H Specify first point: Select A.
1 Select type and pattern from predefined, user defined Specify second point: Select B.
and customer select colour from gradients.
Distance = 118.6843, Angle in XY Plane = 0, Angle from
2 Mouse click on add pick point. XY Plane = 0.
3 Click inside ABCD. Delta X = 118.6743, Delta Y = 0.0000, Delta Z = 0.0000.
4 Change angle and scale if you want click on preview. Area (Fig 10)
If it is ok then click on in the dialogue. Calculate the area and perimater of object or of defined
Example areas.
Command: Hatch, H (Fig 9)
1 Select type and pattern from predefined user defined
cand custom or select colour from gradient
2 Mouse click on add pick point.
3 Mouse inside ABCD.
4 Change angle and scale if you want.
5 Click on preview.
6 If it is ok then click on OK in the dialogue box.
Pull down menu: Tools, inquiry, area.

Command Area.
Specify first corner point or [ Object / Add / Subtract] first
point A.
Specify next corner point or press ENTER for total: Select
next point B.
next point C.
next point D.
List
AutoCAD lists out the properties and the geometrical next point E.
parameters of the selected objects.
Pull down menu :- Tools, inquiry, list. next point F.
Command: list. Specify next corner point or press ENTER for total.
Select objects: use any object selection method select Area = 8316.3401, Perimeter = 339.4622.
rectangle ABCD.
REGEN.
Select objects: 1 found.
Command : Regen.
Select objects:
This command makes Auto CAD to regenerate the entire
Properties of the rectangle ABCD = LWPOLYLINE layer: drawing to update it. By using this commands, the circles
“0” and arcs can be smoothened.

Creation of object in different layers

• plotting drawings.
Printing or plotting of a drawing can be done by using a 3 Printing a drawing by using tool bar with mouse
printer or a plotter.
Pick the icon of plot, from standard toolbar. Now a dialogue
Print or plot command box namely plot appears on the screen.
Various input facilities are available for printing a drawing. For printing a drawing, follow the procedure shown below:
Facilities like key board, menu bar or tool bar with mouse
1 Pick the plot device tab.
are explained below.
2 Select the printer name (Say, HP deskjet) from the
1 Printing a drawing by using key board
combo box.
Type print or plot at the command prompt area using key
3 Pick plot setting tab.
board and press the enter key. Now the command prompt
area appears as shown below: 4 Select a paper size (say, A4-210 x 297 mm) from the
combo box provided against the paper size.
Command : PRINT or PLOT
5 Pick the drawing orientation option (say portrait)
Now a dialogue box namely plot appears on the screen.
6 Then select the scale 1:1 from the combo box under
2 Printing a drawing by using menu bar with mouse
plot scale.
Pick file from menu bar and plot from pull-down menu. Now
a dialogue box namely plot appears on the screen.
55
7 Pick the window button under the heading plot area. 9 Now the paper lay out with selected drawing appears
Now, the cursor and drawing appears on the screen on the screen.
and command prompt area show, specify first corner:
10 Then click the right button of the mouse and pick exit
(Here, specify the first corner for the window on the
from the button menu.
screen).
11 The dialogue box again appears on the screen.
Specify opposite corner: ( Here, Specify the opposite
corner for the window). 12 Click OK button.
8 Pick the full preview button provided on the bottom left Now, the plotted drawing is obtained from the plotting
of the dialogue box. device.
Layers
Objective: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• layers.
Layers Setting up a new layer

An Auto CAD drawing can be constructed over several Here we will set up two layers called hatch and fittings. To
layers. A layer is like a transparent sheet of paper which create a new layer first issue the layer command.
holds drawing objects. For example, a drawing of the
plans of a house could be constructed as follows: the walls Pull down menu: Format, Layer
would occupy a layer called 'walls', the doors and windows Command line: Layer, LA
would be placed on a layer called 'fittings' etc. When the
drawing is structured in this way you have control over
numerous aspects of the work. Auto CAD supplies you
with one default layer named 0. Any other layer must be
created by the user, although you can assign as many
layers as you like to a drawing.
In the layer properties dialogue
box, click on new

click on line weight
click on apply m click on ok on the layer properties
manager dialogue box
Making a layer current
A layer must be current before you can draw on it. To
make the layer (hatch) current, carryout the following
easy steps
i Click on the layer name in the layer properties
manager dialogue box, then click on the current
button.
ii Click ok to return to the drawing editor.
iii The object properties toolbar at the top of the screen
(see below) will show the name of the current layer
and its colour. Try drawing something it will appear in
colour 53.
click ok
Click on the colour for the
hatch colour in the select
colour dialogue box
Click on line type
click ok select line weight

click ok select line type
layers icon current layer and color Alternatively, to make a layer current from within the
Drawing editor.

Click here
Click here near the layer name

Click here
Click here on the light bulb
Click on the drawing editor any where.

Making layer visible or invisible
Complex drawings may become cluttered, when can
make it difficult to select objects for editing or drawing.
This clutter may be reduced by making a layer invisible if
you are not working on it. When layer is made invisible, the
objects drawn on it disappear from the screen, but they
still exist and are part of the drawing. Layers which are
invisible are not click out on the drawing editor anywhere.
Clickout on the drawing editor anywhere.
Several layers can be made invisible if required. The icon
for visible is a glowing light bulb. Invisibility is shown by a
dull light bulb.
Practice 1 : Instructions (Fig 1)
1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook helper. dwt
3 Change to the appropriate layer before drawing each
2 Draw the LINES below using: line.
Draw / Line 4 Save this drawing using:
Ortho (f 8) ON (to help you draw horizontal lines) File / Save as / (File name)
Increment snap (f 9) ON Practice 2 : Instructions (Fig 2)

2 Draw the 4 circles with the following Radii: 1,2,3, & 5
1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook dwt (use Object snap "Center" so all Circles have the same
2 Change the GRID SPACING to .40 and SNAP to .20 center)
Using: TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS 3 Draw the lines using
3 Draw the objects below, use the layers indicated. DRAW/LINE
4 Save this drawing using: ORTHO and SNAP = OFF
File/Save as/ (File Name) OBJECT SNAP = QUADRANT and TANGENT 4. Use
Layers: Object and Center
Practice 3 : Instructions (Fig 3)
5 Save this drawing as (File name)
1 Start a New file and select 1 workbook dwt

ISO planes
• identify ISO axes
• practice ISO drawings.
ISO metric drawing (Fig 1)

Isometric drawing have three principal planes. They are
isoplane right, isoplane top and the isoplane left.
ISO planes
To turn on an isometric plane
1 Click Tools menu>> Drafting Settings.
2 In the Drafting settings dialog box, snap and grid tab,
under snap type, select isometric sanp.
3 Click OK.
You can cycle through the three isometric planes by
pressing F5. When the snap style has been set to isometric, you will
Command: Isoplane ( or Isoplane for transparent use) find isocircle. Option under ellipse command. Use this to
draw circle and arcs in isometric plane.
Enter isometric plane setting [left/top/right] <top>: enter
an option or press ENTER. Example
The isometric plane affects the cursor movement keys 1 Create the isometric drawing shown in the Fig 4
only when Snap mode is on and the snap style is
isometric. If the snap style is Isometric, Ortho mode uses
the appropriate axis pair even if Snap mode is off. The
current isometric plane also determines the orientation of
isometric circles drawn by ELLIPSE. You can cycle
through the isometric planes by pressing CTRL+ E or F5.
Left
Selects the left - hand plane, defined by the 90 - degree and
150-degree axis pair.
Top (Fig 2)
Selects the top face of the cube, called the top plane,
defined by the 30- degree and 150 - degree axis pair.
Right (Fig 3)
Selects the right - hand plan, defined by the 90-degree and
30- degree axis pair.
60
Step- 1 Create the orthographic projection drawing shown in Fig 6
Change the isometric view by using sanpcommand.
Command: snap
Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Style /
Type]<0.5000>:s Enter snap grid style [Standard/
Isometric] <S>:i
Specify vertical spacing <0.5000>.
Step- 2
Change the isoplane to isoplane left by pressing Ctrl+E or
F5. Now draw lines between points P1, P2, P3 and P1.
Step- 3
Change the isoplane to isoplane right by pressing Ctrl + E
or F5. Now draw lines between points P3, P2, P5, and P6.
Step- 4
Change the isoplane to isoplane top by pressing Ctrl +E
or F5. Now draw lines between points P6, and P7.
Step- 5
Change the corresponding plane by pressing Ctrl +E or F5
and continue the procedure.
Create the isometric drawing shown Fig 5

Dimensioning & text
• dimensioning
• text & text style.
Dimensioning commands
While manufacturing an object, the drawing must contain Specify first extension line origin or : Select point A
size description such as the length, width, height, angle, Specify first extension line origin : Select point B
radius, diameter and location of the object. These are
added to the drawing with the help of dimensioning. Specify dimension line location or
1 Dimension - linear (Fig 1) [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Mouse
click on the position where the dimension is to be placed
This command is used to measure horizontal and vertical
dimensions between two points. Dimension text = 9.00
Tool bar : Dimension, Linear
Pull Down : Dimension, Linear
Command : DIM LIN /DLI
Example
Command : DIM LIN / DLI
Specify first extension line origin of : Selection point A
Specify second extension line original : Select point B
Specify dimension line location or
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Mouse
click on the position where the dimension is to be placed
Dimension text = 6.00 3 Dimension - ARC length (Fig 3)
This command is used to measure the length of an arc.
Tool bar : Dimension, Arc length
Pull Down : Dimension, Arc length
Command :DIMARC/DAR
Example
Command : DIM ARC / DAR
Command : DAR DIMARC
Select arc or polyline arc segment
Specify arc length dimension location,
Or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Partial/Leader]: Mouse click on the
position where the dimension is to be placed
Dimension text = 12.00
2 Dimension - aligned (Fig 2)

This command is used to measure inclined dimension
between two points.
Tool bar : Dimension, Aligned
Pull down : Dimension, Aligned
Command : DIM ALI /DAL
Example
Command : DIM ALI/DAL

4 Dimension - radius(Fig 4) 6 Dimension - diameter (Fig 6)
This command is used to measure the radius of an arc or This command is used to measure the Diameter of a
circle. circle.
Tool bar : Dimension, Radius Tool bar : Dimension, Diameter
Pull Down : Dimension, Radius Pull Down : Dimension, Diameter
Command : DIM RA/DRA Command : DIM DIA/DDI
Example: Example:
Command : DIM RA / DRA Command : DIM DIA/DDI
Select arc or Select arc
circle : Select the circle or circle : Select the circle
Dimension text = 3.00 Dimension text = 6.00
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext /Text/Angle] Specify dimension line location or [Mtext /Text/Angle]
Mouse click on the position where the dimension is to be
placed.
5 Dimension - jogged (Fig 5)

7 Dimension - Angular (Fig 7)
Tool bar : Dimension, Jogged
This command is used to measure the Angle between
Pull Down : Dimension, Jogged two non parallel straight lines.
Command : DIM JO/DJO Tool bar : Dimension, Angular
Example Pull Down : Dimension, Angular
Command : DIM JO/DJO Command : DIM ANG/DAN
Select arc Example
or circle : Select the circle
Command : DIM ANG/DAN
Specify center location override: Select center
Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: Select AB
Dimension text = 4.00
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext /Text/Angle]:
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext /Text/Angle] Mouse click on the position where the dimension is to be
Specify jog location: Mouse click on the position where placed.
the dimension is to be placed.
Dimension text = 41

8 Dimension - continue (Fig 8) Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: WOODEN
BLOCK
This command is used to continue dimensioning after
the first dimensioning has been executed. 10. Dimension - leader (Fig 10)
Tool bar : Dimension, Continue This command is used to give leader lines i.e. used to
describe some features in the drawing.
Pull Down : Dimension, Continue
Tool bar : Dimension Leader
Command : DIM CON/DCO
Pull Down : Dimension Leader
Example
Command : DIM LEA/LE
Command : DIM CON/DCO
Example
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]
<Select>: Select C Command : DIM LEA/LE
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] Specify first leader point, Select point A
<Select>: Select D
Specify next point: Select point B
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]
Specify next point
<Select>: Cancel
Specify text width <0.0000>
Enter first line of annotation text <Mitest> WOODEN
BLOCK
9 Dimension - base line (Fig 9)

This command is used to give dimension when number or
dimensions of a part have a common datum.
11 Dimension - style (Fig 11 to 14)
Tool bar : Dimension, Dimension style
Pull Down : Dimension, Dimension style
Command :D
This command is used to select or change the properties
of a dimension. When you enter this command the
dimension style manager dialogue box will be displayed.
This dialogue box provides various options for modifying
the dimension. Click on modify and give the new values.
Dimension sytle
Pull down menu: Dimension, Dimension style
Tool bar : Dimension, Base line
When you select this, a dimension style manager dialogue
Pull Down : Dimension, Base line
box will appear on the screen.
Command : DIM LEA/LE
A dimension style is a saved set of dimension settings
Example defining the appearance and behaviour of the dimensions.
Command : DIM LEA/LE By creating dimension styles. You can set all relevant
dimension system variables and control the layout and
Specify first leader point, Select point A
appearance of all dimesions within a drawing.
Specify next point: Select point B
Specify next point:
Specify text width <0.0000>:

Description
Sets the dimension line properties
1 Colour displayed and sets the colour for dimension
line.
2 Line type sets the type of the dimension line.
3 Line weight sets the line weight of the dimension
line.
4 Extend beyond ticks specifies a distance to extend
the dimension line past the extension line when you
use oblique, architectural, tick, integral, and no
marks for arrow heads.
5 Base line spacing sets the spacing between the
dimension lines of a base line dimension. Enter a
distance.
6 Suppress suppresses display of dimension line
when they are outside.
Description
Set the extension line properties

1 Colour displayed and sets the colour for extension
line.
2 Line type sets the type of the extension lines.
3 Line weight sets the line weight of the extension
lines.
4 Suppress suppresses display of extension lines.
1 External beyond dim lines specifies a distance to

extension lines from the origin points that define the
dimension.
2 Offset from origin specifies the distance to offset
the extension lines from the origin points that define
the dimension.
3 Fixed length extension lines, set the length of the
extension line.

Description
1 Here you can set the types of arrow heads.

2 Arrow size sets the size of arrow.
Symbols and arrows tab

Description
1 Text style button displays the text style dialogue

box, which you can use to define or modify text
styles.
2 Text colour displays and sets the colour for the
dimension text.
3 Text height displays and sets the current dimension
text style.
4 Draw frame around text draws a frame around
dimension text.
Tex tab

1 Vertical position controls the vertical justification of
dimension text along the dimension line.
2 Horizontal position controls the horizontal
justification of dimension text along the dimension
line and extension line.
3 Offset from dimension line displays and sets the
current text gap, which is the distance around the
dimension text when the dimension line is broken
to accommodate the dimension text.
1 Horizontal places text in a horizontal position.
2 Aligned with dimension line aligns text with the

dimension line.

3 ISO standards aligns text with the dimension line
when the text is inside the extension lines, but
aligns horizontally when text is outside the extension
lines.
Primary units tab
Description
1 Unit format sets the current for all dimension types
accept angular. Options to select from include
scientific, decimal, engineering, architectural,
fractional etc.
2 Precision displays and sets the number of decimal
places in the dimension text.
3 Fractional format sets the format for fractions.
Options to select from include diagonal, horizontal,
and not stacked.
4 Decimal separator sets the separator for decimal
formats. Options to select from include period (.),
comma (.), or space.
1 Prefix includes the prefix you enter in the dimension

text. You can enter text or use control codes to
display special symbols. For example, entering the
control code % %c displays the diameter symbol.
2 Suffix includes the suffix you enter in the dimension
text. You can enter text or use control codes to
display special symbols.For example,entering the
text mm results in the dimension text similar to that
shown in the illustration.
3 Measurement scale defines measurements scale
options as follows: Linear scale factor sets a scale
factor for linear dimension measurements for all
dimension types except angular.
Control code % displays the diameter symbol. Text

Primary units tab This command is used for entering the related details on
a drawing. Text is used for entering details in the title
Dimensioning: Create the following exercise using CAD
blocks, for labelling the parts of drawing, For giving
commands.
specifications and for making annotations etc. There are
two types of text used in Auto CAD.
1 Single line text or D text. 2 Multiline text or M text
2 Multiline text or M text. Pull down : Draw, Text, Multi line text
1 Single line text or D text Command : MText or MT
Pull down : Draw, TEXT, single line text Current text style : " Standard"
Command : TEXT or DT Text height : 0.20000
Current text style : "Standard" Specify first corner : Click on the first corner
Text height : 0.2000 Specify opposite comer or [Height/Justify/
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Select start Line spacing /Rotation/Style/Width]: click on the second
point corner Give text height, type, style, etc.
Specify height<0.2000>: 25 Enter the text, And press button OK.
Specify rotation angle of text <0>
Type on the screen: TEXT
Text style Plotting drawings

This command is used to change the text style. Printing or plotting of a drawing can be done by using a
After giving changes click on apply. printer or a plotter.
Computer aided drafting exercise 15-16 Print or plot command
Plotting Various input facilities are available for printing a drawing.

Facilities like key board, menu bar or tool bar with mouse
Objectives: At the end of thess lessons, you shall be able are explained below.
to practice
Plotting drawings.
Properties & blocks
• match properties
• identify line weight
• practice block.
Match properties
This command is used to copies the properties from one
object to one or more objects.
Pull down menu: Modify, match properties
Command: Match properties, MA
Select the source object: Pick the object whose property
to be matched.
Select destination object(s) or [settings]: Select the
object to which properties are to be copied or press
Select destination object(s) or [settings]
Change the properties
Command: CHPROP
When you select an object in the drawing area, the object
properties window displays all the properties they have in
common.
The properties that are in grey cannot be modified.
click here
Line type
Pull down menu : format, line type
Command : L type
After invoke this command a 'Line type manager' dialogue
box will appear on the screen.
click here
Clik ok
Select line type from here

Click Ok in the 'line type manager' dialogue box.
Object snaps (Fig 1)
Suppose you want to draw a line from the center of the Click ok
circle to the middle of the vertical line you extended earlier.
AutoCAD has a feature that makes this very easy. These Select line type from here
are the object snaps (or Osnaps "Oh-Snaps"). Type os
<ENTER>. You will see this dialog box appear.
3 Type the name in this area, door.
4 Click on select objects. AutoCAD hides the

dialogue box. Pull a selection window around
the door and press enter. The dialogue box will
return.
5 Click here and pick an insertion point, use

object snap.
6 Select.
7 Unit offered here are the drawing units.
Insert block
Once the block has been created you may insert it in the
8 Click on ok drawing.
• Click on the insert menu
Block
• Click on block
This is used for storing a part of drawing or entire drawing • The insert dialogue box will appear
or symbols that are needed in the same drawing or for
other drawing. This is stored with a desired scale factor. • Click on the down arrow all the blocks created in the
All the objects inside a block considered as a single current drawing will be listed. Select the block name.
object. • At this point you are returned to the drawing with the
Tool bar : Draw block, make block attached to the cross hairs at the insertion point
you defined.
Pull down menu : Draw, block, make
Command : Block or B
When you invoke the command BLOCK a block definition
dialogue box is displayed.
1 Draw a door. (Fig 2)
2 Click on draw pull down menu, click on block, click on
make

• Move the block in to position on the sreen. The Divide
command line asks for the insertion point and lists
This command is used to divide a line or arc or circle in
several options.[Scale, X/Y/Z/Rotate/Pscale/PX/PY/
to number of parts.
PZ/PRotate]
Command : Divied, div
These options refer to the scaling and rotation of the block.
If you simply pick a point on the screen the block will be Select object to divide: Select the line AB
inserted without being scaled(at the size it was drawn)
A B
• The block is now locked in to position in the drawing.
Before divide
Write block
AB
If a block is converted in to a drawing file then you can use Before divide
it in any other drawing.
If you cannot see the division on the screen, change the
• Type WBLOCK at the command line and press enter.
point stlyle.
• The write block dialogue box appears. Point style
• Select block
Pull down menu: Format, point style
• Click on the down arrow and select the block name. Select new pointstyle from this box
At this stage AutoCAD takes the block and converts it to
Click OK
a drawing. This drawing can be treated like Aito CAD
drawing You can open it as a separare drawing, explode Then the points are visible clearly.
it, edit & draw in the usual way

2D drafting doors windows and sanitory fittings using CAD

Objectives : At the end of this exercise you should able to
• draw the flush door and panel door
• draw the window and hand rail
• draw the sanitory fittings.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw a flush door to the standerd size as per I.S specification, and unite the commands of procedure
TASK 2 : Draw a panel door to the standerd size as per I.S specification and illustrate the commands for the
development of the object
TASK 3 : Draw a window to the standard size as I.S specification and give the commands for the drawing of
the window
TASK 4 : Draw a door handle to the standerd size as per I.S specification ment
TASK 5 : Draw sanitary fittings-wash basin-C.I pipe joints-as parts. Standards using CAD commands illustrate
the commands used for the development

Preparing library folder by creation blocks of prepared drawings

Objective : At the end of this exercise you should able to
• Prepare a library folder for the drawing created by you.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : A sample library folder is given study the folder - with refering to the given folder
77
Building drawing line diagram of a residence

Objectives : At the end of this exetcise you shall be able to
• identity the size of rooms
• identify the number and positions of wall opening
• draw the line diagram of the residential building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the given line sketch in a scale of 1:50

1 Select a scale, of 1:50 (Fig 1) 5 Erase the unwanted construction line, if any position
2 Draw a riight angled corner indicates the corner of bed 6 Furnish the details of rooms, position of doors, windows
room. etc.
3 Draw parallel lines and perpendicular lines as per the 7 Dimension the figure as per the datas given.
room. arrangements, according to the size and shape
of various rooms. 8 Specify the scale, and related notes.
4 By using outlines finish the positions of rooms. 9 Complete the required line sketch.
78
Reading room with R.C.C flat roof

• draw the plan section & elevation of the reading room as per the given line sketch manually (traditional
drawing)
• develop the plan section & elevation of the readig room as per the given line sketch through AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of the reading room from the given line sketch (Fig 1)
Traditional and AutoCAD drafting
• Line sketch showing the arrangements of room. • Sketch the section plan which gives maximum details.
• Foundation for wall. • Draw the sectional elevation as per the sectional plan.
• Foundation concrete - P. C. C. 1:4:8, 20 cm thick. • Draw elevation which gives pleasing apperance
• RR masonry in cm 1:6 (60 x 60) • Complete the drawing through Auto CAD for this
• Basement R.R masonry in cm 1:6 (45 x 45) cm. • Set unit,
• Wall - Brick work in cement mortar 1:6, 20 cm thick • Set layers for line work, hatching / dimensioning
360 cm height.
• Name the layers
• Roof slab R.C.C 1:2:4, 12 cm thick
• Select layer for line work and complete the plan,
• Column R.C.C 1:2:4, (30 x 30) cm. section and elevation.
• Beam R.C.C. 1:2:4, (20 x 20) cm. • Select hatch layer and hatch the necessary section
• Provide lintel and sunshades wherever necessary. areas.
• Select the dimension layer and dimension the figure
• Assume all missing data (For manual drawing).
and also print the specifications, schedule of joinery
• Draw the plan and finish datails as per the line sketch. and others details.
• Print the drawing in A3 size paper.
79
80 Construction - Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL - 5) - Exercise - 3.2.103
Single storied residential building with single bed room (R.C.C. flat roof)
• identify the thickness of wall
• draw the plan of building
• draw the section of the building
• draw the elevation of residence.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Draw the plan, elevation and sectional elevation of the building as for the line diagram (Fig 1)
• Select a scale of 1:50. • Create the rooms as per the figure.
• Layout the drawing sheet for plan, section and elevation. • Erase the unnecessary construction lines.
• Prepare the plan starting from the corner of Living • Mark the position of door, windows etc.
room.
• Furnish the dimensions and notes where ever needed.
• Draw wall thickness as per the scale.
• Complete the plan.
TASK 2 : Draw the section (Fig 2)

• Draw a horizontal line shows the ground level. • Furnish the foundation details as shown.
• Identify the position of cutting plane. • Hatch the section as per the materials used.
• Create projection lines for walls, as per the room size. • Furnish the dimensions,
• Draw the basement line, roof line, parapet line etc. • Complete the section.
81
TASK 3 : Draw the Elevation (Fig 2)
• Draw projection lines from plan and section. • Finish the required elevation by outlines.
• Remove the unwanted projection lines and develop. • Complete the working drawing with specification
The elevation. schedule of joinery and other details.
• Furnish the door, window, sunshade details etc.
TASK 4 : Draw the plan, section and elevation of the residential of the building using the AutoCAD
Draw the plan of the residence
• Open the AutoCAD software. • Draw all interior walls by using the same “Line” and
“Offset” commands.
• Draw the building outline of the house by using the
“Line” command. Click the “Line” icon to activate the • Use the “Trim” command to trim any messy
command. Left-click to start and end the line. intersections on the exterior or interior conditions. Left
click the “Trim” icon to activate the tool. Select the
• Offset the building outline the desired thickness of the “cutting edge” line followed by the line that you would
exterior wall. Use the “Offset” command. like to trim off.

• Cut openings for doors and windows by drawing lines • Using dimension command complete the dimensioning
and then trimming away the opening. If you want of the section drawing.
100cm door draw a line perpendicular to the wall,
• Plot the drawing to a printer or to a PDF format. Hit
offset it 100cm and trim away the excess lines.
the plot icon to open the plot settings. Choose the
• Draw the doors and windows where the new openings layout type, pen settings and windows view that you
exist. would like to use.
• Activate the text command to enter the names of rooms Draw the elevation of the residence
and their sizes.
• Draw the base line to draw the elevation of the
• Activate the dimension icon and click the edges of residence.
each wall that you would like to dimension to. This
• Draw the projected lines from the plan to create front
will give the drawing a more professional look and also
view of the residence using line command.
gives people a sense of the space.
• Draw the elevation of the residence using modify
• Insert the table and prepare the details of joinery.
commands like offset, trim, fillet, extend to complete
• Using area command find the area of the building. the outline
Draw the section of the residence • Using block, insert block commands prepare the doors
and windows in elevation.
• Draw the base line to draw the section of the residence
• Assign proper line weights to create the effective
• According to the section line shown in the plan, the
apperance of the building.
width of walls, rooms has to be drawn according to
the design using line, offset, trim commands. • Plot the drawing to a printer or to a PDF format. Hit
the plot icon to open the plot settings. Choose the
• Use the hatch commands to show the R.C.C. rubble
layout type, pen settings and windows view that you
masonry in the section.
would like to use.
• Activate the text commands for mentioning the name
and size of the rooms.

A residential building with double beded room (R.C.C flat roof)

• develop the working drawings of two bed room residence.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of a two bedroom residence through AutoCAD ( Fig 1 & Fig 2)
1 Line sketch showing arrangements of rooms. 4 Table a print out in A3 sheet.
2 Give standard dimensions for the building elements.
Create your own elevation
3 Develop the working drawings through Auto CAD
84
House with single bed and a hall partly tiled and partly R.C.C. flat roof
• draw the plan sectional elevation and front elevation showing partly tiled and partly RCC flat roof
• prepare the working drawing of the building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of a single bedroom residence partly tiled and partly R.C.C flat roof
DATA
• Line sketch showing arrangement of rooms. • Develop the plan to a scale to 1:100 and show the roof
line.
• Height of R.C.C roof from the floor level - 300cm.
• Draw the section plane by cutting the R.C.C flat roof
• Height of wall far pitched roof - 400cm Rise of pitched
and crossing the ridge line of the pitched roof.
roof is 1/3 span.
• Draw the sectional elevation.
• Assume suitable dimensions for other elements of the
building. • Develop the front elevation.
• Complete the working drawing.
87
Two roomed double storied residential building (R.C.C sloped roof with gable
end)
• draw the ground and first floor plan
• draw the sectional view of the building
• draw the elevation of the residence.
PROCEDURE
Task 1 : Prepare plan, section and elevation of a double storied residential building as per given sketch
1 Draw the plan. 5 Draw the elevation.
2 Draw the ground floor plan and first floor plan of the 6 Draw the elevation of the residence by projection lines
building using various commands in AutoCAD. from both plan and elevation.
3 Draw the sectional view. 7 Complete the drawing by printing dimension and other
4 Create the section of the building and provide foundation related notes.
as shown in Fig 1.
88
A house with fully tiled roof with hip and valleys

• draw the plan of the building
• develop the front elevation and sectional elevation.
TASK 1 : Draw the plan, elevation and sectional view for the given line diagram, using CAD (Fig 1)
90
Design a double storied residential building (3BHK) layout of furniture

electrical appliances and plumbing sanitory fittings
• design the interior layout for the residence plan
• render the plan and all furnitures with pleasing colours
• dimension and name the plan completely.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Organization of interior space (manual)
1 Print the previously drawn ground floor plan & first floor 10 Low seating helps in making the room look larger.
plan.
11 The dining table could be circular or rectangular.
2 Economic utilisation of space is very important in
12 Work triangles consists of the three essential elements
designing interior.
in the kitchen, the clean up or sink area, the cooking
3 Where should be minimum circulation area and best centre, the mixing centre and the refrigeration plat from
use of available space for the activity to be performed. should be 600mm.
4 Minimum number of doors and partitions should be 14 The position of the bed depends on a number of factors.
considered for free flow of space and spacious look. The window should be parallel to the bed position.
5 To get a spacious look select limited variaty of textures, 15 The window should not be over the hand.
patterns and colours.
16 The toilet can be divided into two types of areas the
6 The ‘Interior activity diagram’ should be drawn showing dry area including the sink and the toilet and a wet
the division of interior space with proper circulation. area. which includes the bathing area. In well-planned
toilets, you must separate these two areas.
7 Where should be acoustical and visual barries between
entry and private area. 17 Some cabinets or open shelves must be placed in the
bathroom for storage.
8 While designing seating for living room L-shaped or U-
shaped seating makes the most economical use of 18 With all consideration of furnitures and fixtures
space because it can accomodate a large group of complete the sketch of organisation of space planning
people, leaving ample circulation space. as Fig 1
9 Do not clutter a small space with more items than
needed.
92
TASK 2 : Rendering ground floor and first floor plan with furniture layout
1 With reference to the organisation plan, the detailed 8 Any type of flooring can be used in the bedroom from
furniture layout should be designed. carpet to wood flooring to tiles or terazzo.
2 Choosing colour scheme should be considered carefully 9 You must combine the shape, colour, texture for
while rendering the plans and furnitures. furniture to provide a pleasing environment.
3 For the living room a single solid colour on the floor, or 10 Concrete, brick paving, slate, unpolished kota, sand
unpatterned floors tend to sketch the space. These stone are effective floor materials for the porch, out
include stone, tiles, wood etc. door sit out, inner courtyard, terraces and balconies.
4 Lighter the shade and the more reflective the surface, 11 Plan the garden simultaneously with the house so that
the more effective it will be in lightening up the room, the levels of drive way, terraces are co-ordinated.
5 For dining avoid using carpet below the table. 12 The amount of soft surfacing (Lawn or ground cover)
should be considered in designing the landscape.
6 Use the same flooring material as in the living.
13 Complete the drawing in colour
7 For kitchen you can choose from a variety of tiles and
stones. Note: Provide electrical fittings as per l.S.
standerd.

95
Draughtsman Civil - 3D Modeling in CAD
Create and use model space view ports

Objective : At the end of the exercise you shall able to
• creating view ports for a model.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Create and use model space port

• Create the elevations and plan as per the given • Follow the given commands as per creating view ports.
commands.
• Create and model space viewport.
96
Create a standard engneering layout

• creating a engineering layout.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Creating a engineering layout

• Follow the CAD commands and complete the lay out • Create a standard engineering layout.
as give in figure.
97
Create and edit wire frame model

• creating and editting a wire frame.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Create a wire frame model and edit it

• Follow the CAD commands to create the wire frame • Create and edit wireframe model.
model given.
98
Create and edit solid mesh and surface modeling

• create and editting a solid mesh and surface.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Creating a solid mesh and editting and surface modeling

• Use CAD commands it create the models and for • Create and edit solid mesh and surface modeling.
editting.
99
Draughtsman Civil - 3D modeling in CAD
Create and edit simple 2D region and 3D solid model

• creating and editting a 2D region and 3D solid model.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Creating a 2D drawing and draw the same in 3D

• Create and edit simple 2D regions and 3D solid models.
100
Generate 3D text and dimensions

• generate 3D text and 3D dimension display.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Generate a 3D Text and dimensions using 3D display techniques

• Generate 3D text and dimension using a variety of 3D
display techniques.
101
3D model with lights and materials

• rendering a 3D model with lights.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare a 3D model with lights

• Render a 3D model with a variety of lights and
materials.
102
Draughtsman Civil - Building Drawing (Public)
Primary health centre for rural area with R.C.C flat roof
• draw the working drawings of a primary health centre through AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawings of a primary health centre as per given line sketch through AutoCAD
(Fig 1)
• Prepare the working drawing as per the sketch given
through AutoCAD. Take standard dimensions for the structural
elements for a public building.
• Take print out in A2 sheet.
103
Village library building with R.C.C flat roof

• draw the plan of a village library of R.C.C flat roof
• draw the sectional elevation
• draw the elevation.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare plan, section and elevation of a village library as per given line sketch (Fig 1)
• Line sketch showing the arrangement of room. • Prepare the working drawing through AutoCAD.
• Height of wall 4m. • Prepare the working drawing.
• Assume standard data’s for other elements of building • Take a print in A3 sheet in scale of 1:100.
105
A small restaurant building with R.C.C flat roof

Objective: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• prepare working drawings of restaurant building through AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of a restaurant building as per given in line diagram (Fig 1)
• Prepara wirking drawing of a restaurant building through • Take a print in A3 sheet in scale of 1.00
AutoCAD.
Take stadard dimensions for all elements for a
restaurant building.
107
School building with R.C.C flat roof

• draw the working drawings of a school building with R.C.C flat roof.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawings of a school building with R.C.C framed structure flat roof (Through
AutoCAD) (Fig 1, 2, & 3)
DATA
• Take standard dimensions for structural elements for • Prepare the drawings precisly and accuretly by the
a public building. experience from previous drawing.
108
Workshop building with north light steel roof truss

• prepare the working drawing of a workshop
• building with north light steel roof truss.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of a workshop building as per given line sketch (Fig 1)
DATA
• Give R.C.C flat roof for office buildig with a height of • Draw a sectional elevation crossing R.C.C roof and
400cm. mezzanine floor.
• Give north light trussed roof for workshop with height • Draw the elevation and complete the working drawing.
of wall 600cm.
• Take print out in a scale of 1:100.
• Provide a mezzanine floor at 270cm height.
• Column size (30 x 50) cm. Take standard dimensions of a north light
trussed roof.
• Develop plan as per line sketch showing the lines of
trusses.
111
Service plans
• draw the sanitary service plan
• draw the electrical service plan.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the sanitary service plan of the given building and prepare electrical service plan of the
given building (Fig 1)
• To draw the sanitary service plan • To draw the electrical fitments.
• Draw the line sketch of the building in a scale 1:100 • Draw the plan of the building in a scale of 1:100 and
and mark the sanitary fittings mark all electrical fittings and position of electrical
• Give setbacks as per drawing given. equipments.
• Draw the layout of public sewer line. • Draw the layout of wiring according to the locations of
the electrical fitments.
• Draw the layout of house drain to the public sewer.
• Complete the drawing as per given sketch.
• Mark the positions of gully traps, inspection chambers,
manholes etc where ever necessary. Prepare the drawing manually and through
• Complete the drawing. AutoCAD.
• Complete the drawing.
113
Bank building with R.C.C flat roof

• prepare through Autocad the working drawings of a bank building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the working drawing of a building (Through AutoCAD) as per give line sketch (Fig 1)
• Draw ground floor plan and design the stair case. • Draw the elecation and complete the drawing.
• Draw first floor plan.
Take standard dimensions for the structural
• Draw the sectional elevation through the stair case. elements for a double storey public building.
115
Draughtsman Civil - Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure
Singly reinforced R.C.C rectangular beam

• prepare the longitudinal section of the beam showing reinfocement datails
• prepare the top and bottom plan showing arrangement of bars
• prepare the cross sectional view of the beam at midspan and at support.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the single reinforced beam to a suitable scale using CAD software (Fig 1)
• Longitudinal section of the beam showing • Main reinforment (tensile) - 16 mm Fe 415 steel - 6
reinforcement details. Nos.
• Top and bottom plans showing arrangement of bars. • Hanger rods - 12 mm Fe 415 steel 2 Nos.
• Cross sectional view of the beam at mid span and at • Shear reinforcement - Two legged stirrups 8 mm Fe
support. 415 steel @ 150 mm.
DATA • Reinforcement at top at supports for negative moment
• The following are the particulars of a singly reinforced 16 mm Fe 415 steel 3 nos for a length of 0. 14l and
partially fixed beam. anchored sufficiently. Anchorage and curtailment of
reinforcement may be adopted with standard value and
• Clear span - 5000 mm. any more data required may be assumed suitably.
• Width of supports -300 mm. • Prepare drawing using basic commands.
• Size of beams − 300 × 550 mm. • Save drawing as R.C.C beam.
• Clear cover to steel rods -25 mm.
116
TASK 2 : Draw to a suitable scale, the longitudinal sectional, cross section near the support and cross section
at the centre of span of a rectangular R.C.C beam simply supported with the following data (Fig 2)
DATA
• Clear span (I) -4.80 m. • Main reinforcement consists of 20 mm. dia. bars, out
of 5 bars, 2 numbers alternative bars bent up; one bar
• Effective span (L) - 5.00 m.
bent up at L/7 and the other at L/4 from the centre of
• Width of beam - 30 cm. supports.
• Overall depth of beam - 50c m. • Provide 2 Nos bar of 12 mm Ø as anchor bars.
• Effective depth of beam - 47.6 cm. • Provide two - legged stirrups of 6 mm Ø @ 15 cm c/c.

Double reinforced R.C.C rectangular beam (partially fixed)
• prepare the longitudinal section of the double reinforced R.C.C beam with reinforcement details
• prepare the top and bottom plan showing arrangement of bars
• prepare cross sectional view of the beam at mid span and support.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw following views of double reinforced beam to suitable scale (Fig 3)
• Longitudinal section of the beam showing • Tensile reinforcement - 16 mm Fe 415 - 4 Nos
reinforcement details.
• Compressive reinforcement - 16 mm Fe 415 steel,
• Top and bottom plans showing arrangement of bars. 3 Nos.
• Cross sectional view of the beams at mid span and at • Shear reinforcemtent - 8 mm Fe 415
supports.
• Steel 2 legged stirrups at 150mm clc upto a distance
DATA of 625mm from the face of supports. On each side
and at 200 mm c/c the remaining portion.
• The following are the particulars of a double reinforced
partially fixed beam. • Anchorage and curtailment of reinforcement may be
same as previous exercise.
• Clear span - 4500 mm
• Prepare the drawing using AutoCAD
• Width of supports - 300 mm
• Size of beam - 300 x 550 mm

TASK 2 : Draw to a suitable scale, the longitudinal section, a cross section near the support and cross section
in the centre of span of a rectangular. R.C.C. simply supported beam (Fig 4)
DATA
Clear span ( l ) = 7.00 m. When the depth of beam increases 750 mm
side face reinforcement is to be provided along
Effective span (L) = 7.30 m. the two faces. Spacing between side face
Width of beam = 300 mm. reinforcement should not be more than
300mm.
Overall depth of beam = 850 mm.
Tensile bars bent up at = 5 No’s 20Ø with two bars Area of side face reinforcement
L/7 from middle of
0.1× 300 × 850
bearings. As = 0.1 % of the web area = 25.50mm 2
100
Anchor bars = 2 No’s 12Ø
Provide 4 No’s 12 Ø in all, two on each face giving a total
Side face reinforcement = 4 No’s 12Ø (two on each face)
area of as = 45.2 mm2
Stirrups = 8 Ø 240mm c/c
Stirrups = 2 legged 8 mm Ø at 240 mm c/c throughout .

R.C.C lintel and sunshade

• prepare the R.C.C lintel (longitudinal and cross section)
• prepare the R.C.C lintel with sunshade.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : A.R.C.C lintel is supported on walls of 300 mm thick wall over a span of 2 metre. It is reinforced with
3nos, 12 mm diameter steel bars and two 10mm bar for anchoring. 8 mm stirrups at 200 mm c/c and
depth of lintel is 250 mm. (Fig 1)
• Draw the following views. • Width of brick wall - 300 mm.
• Longitudinal views. • Reinforcement details:
• Cross section at mid - span and at support. • main bar: 12 mm Ø Fe 415 steel - 3 Nos. With one
number bent up at support.
DATA
• Stirrups: 8 mm Ø at 200 mm c/c, 2 Nos of 10 mm Ø
• Clear span of lintel - 2m (2000 mm). bars at top.
• Bearing on either side - 300 mm. • Same as previous exercise.
• Size of lintal −250 × 200 mm • Use hatch commands wherever necessary.
TASK 2 : Draw the following views to a suitable scale

• Longitudinal section of lintel. • Bearing on either side - 300 mm.
• Cross section of lintel and sunshade at mid span and • Size of lintel − 300× 200 mm.
at support.
• Width of brick wall - 300 mm.
• Plan of lintel and sunshade.
• Width of sunshade - 0.9 m.
• Hanger rods.
• Thickness of sunshade - 100 mm at support and 50
• Shear reinforcement.
mm at free end.
DATA
Reinforcement details
• The following are the particulars of a lintel with
• Lintel - 12 mm Fe 415 steel ( 5 Nos), 2 Nos curtailed
sunshade.
at 0.08 l from face of the wall.
• Clear span of lintel - 2 m.
121
• Hanger reinforcement - 10 mm. • Distributors - Fe 415 steel 8 mm.
• Fe 415 steel 2 Nos. • 300 mm c/c.
• Shear reinforcement - Fe 415 steel 8 mm, 2 legged • Anchorage and curtailment of reinforcement may be
stirrups 175 mm c/c. adopted with standard values and any more data
required may be assumed suitably.
Sunshade (Fig 2)
• Main reinforcement - Fe 415 steel 10 mm @.
• 230 mm c/c..

R.C.C stair and details of step

• prepare section along the flight length
• prepare bar bending details.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the reinforcement details of cross section of the flight of a slab type stair (Fig 1)
DATA
• Clear span (including landing) = 5.7 m. • Main reinforcement = 16 mm. Ø @ 12 cm. c/c.
• Width of landing on both sides = 1.2 m. • Distribution reinforcement = 8 mm. Ø @ 15cm. c/c.
• Rise = 1.5 cm. • Clear cover = 16 mm.
• Going = 30 cm. • Bearing of slab = 20 cm. on brick wall.

• Thickness of slab = 20 cm. • Draw single straight flight R.C.C slab stair using CAD
software.
TASK 2 : Draw the following views of dog legged stair cas to a suitable scale (Fig 2)
• Plan and elevation of dog legged stair. • Width of flight - 1600 mm.
• Section of waist slab (first flight). • Width of landing - 1600 mm.
• Section of waist slab (second flight). • Number of flights - 2.
• Details of steps. • No. of riser in each flight - 11.
DATA • N0. of treads in each flight - 10.
• The following are the particulars of a dog legged • Rise - 150 mm.
staircase. • Tread - 270 mm.
• Clear size of staircase room - 5.9 m x 3.4 m. • Thickness of waist slab - 250 mm.
• Width of suppoprting walls - 230 mm. • Main reinforcement 10 mm Fe steel @ 120 mm c/c.
• Vertical distance between the floors - 3.3 m.
123
• Distributors - 8 mm Fe 415 steel @ 160 mm c/c • Anchorage and curtailment of reinforcement may be
with standard values and any more data required may
• 50% of the main reinforcement are provided at the
be suitably assumed.
bottom of landing slab and extended to the top of waist
for a length of 0.15 l or Ld whichever is greater. • Draw single R.C.C doglegged stair using Auto CAD
software.

Details of bending of bars

• prepare the schematic sketch of R.C.C member
• prepare the development length anchorage hooks lap of bars.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the schematic sketch of R.C.C member of building as shown in Fig 1
General detailing reguirements
Aschematic sketch of R.C.C members is shown. The
columns and footings are the prime structural members
along vertical axis. Floor slabs and beams constitute
members in the horizontal planes. The main longitudinal
beams connect the columns along the larger spans and
the cross beams along the short spans. The beams may
project out as cantilevers. Plinth beams connecting the
columns at otherwise needed to support the ground floor
walls. The slabs are supported by beams along their
edges. Slabs alao may project outside the beam as
cantilevers. Lintels are for spanning the wall openings.
Sunshades project from the lintels or beams.
1 Switch on the computer.
2 Load Auto CAD.
3 Setting units (Set unit as decimal and millimeter)
4 Setting limits, zoom all.
5 Using basic command of CAD, draw schematic sketch
of R.C.C member as per given sketch
Cover to reinforcement
a At ends max of 25mm or twice bar diameter j
b For longitudinal bars in columns 40 mm or j
c For longitudinal bars in beams max of 25 mm or j
d For tensile, compressive or shear bars in slabs min
cover 15mm or diameter of such bars.
For structural members immersed in water or in contact
with soil, cover may be increased for 15-40mm. But cover
shall not exceed 75 mm
125
TASK 2 : Draw development length of bars, anchorage value of bonds and hooks and length for lap splices
for all structural detailing, typical details of L, T junction and types of bars as per given Fig 2 & 3
DATA
Bend - 8 Ø, Hook - 16Ø (where Ø = diameter of bar)
Concrete Type σy Ld in Compression
K = 2 for mild steel, 4 for cold twisted bars. grade of bars N/mm2 tension
90° Hook.
Plain 250 54.4Ø 43.5Ø
Recommended bending.
M15 Deformed 415 56.4Ø 45.1Ø
D = 6 d for 6 mm to 22 mm Ø.
Plain 250 45.3Ø 36.3Ø
M 20 Deformed 415 47.0Ø 37.6Ø
Length for lap splices.
Development length of bars LD (Limit state method)
In compression - max of LD or 24Ø.
180° Hook.
In tension - max of Ld or 30Ø.
Recommended bending.
D = 6 d for 6 mm to 22 mm Ø. PROCEDURE
D = 8 d for 25 mm to 28 mm Ø. 1 Switch on the computer.
D = 10 d for 32 mm to 36 mm Ø. 2 Load Auto CAD.

3 Setting units (Set unit as decimal and millimeter).
4 Setting units, zoom all.
5 Using basic command of CAD, draw details of
development length of ban, hooks, length of lap splices.

Bar bending schedule
• prepare L-section and X-section of an R.C.C lintal
• calculate length of mainbar, crank bar stirrup holder and stirrup
• calculate numbers of each bar
• prepare bar bending schedule.
TASK 1 : Calculate the quantity of reinforcement required for a R.C.C lintel over a door of a size 200 x 210 cm
and prepare bar bending schedule (Fig 1)
DATA : Size of lintel = 25 x 15 cm. Length of straights bar = l + 18 ø .

Mainbar- 12mm ø - 4 Nos.
= 222  (18  1.2) .
(2 No straight, 2 Nos cranked).
= 243 .6 cm.
Stirrup holder - 8 mm ø - 2 Nos.
Length of cranked bar = l + 18 ø + 0.84d .
Stirrup - 6 mm ø 13 cm c/c (average).
 d = 15 - 2 x cover - 1 dia of stirrup.
Wall thickness = 25 cm.
= 15 - (2 x2.5) - 1 x 0.6 = 9.4cm
Bearing - 15cm.
Length of cranked bar =222 + . (18 x 1.2) + (0.84 x 9.4)
Covering - 2.5 cm alround.
= 251. 49 cm .
Length of lintel = 200  (2  15)  200  30 .
I
= 230 cm. Number of stirrup = + 1.
spacing
Effective length = L - 2 end cover.
= 230 - 2 x 4 = 230 - 8. 222
= + 1 = 18.08
13
= 222 cm.
Width of lintel = 25 cm = 19 Nos .
Effective width of lintel = 25 - 2 x cover - 1 dia of stirrup Length of stirrup = 2 (b+d) + 18 ø.

= 2 (20.4 + 13.4) + (18 x 0.6)
= 25  2  (1 0.6) .
= 78.4 cm.
= 20.4 cm.
Length of stirrup holder = l + 18 ø .
No. of main bar = 4 Nos.
= 222 + (18 × 0.8).
No. of straight bar = 2 Nos.
= 236.4 cm.
No. of cranked bar = 2 Nos.

Table 1 Barbending schedule
SI. Description Shape of bars No.of length of Total Weight/ Total
No particular with sketch bar each bar length metre kg weight
in m in m kg
1 Main straight
bar 12 mm 2 2.436 4.872 0.39 1.900
2 Main cranked 2 2.515 5.03 0.89 4.477
bar 12 mm ø 19 0.784 14.896 0.22 3.277
Stirrup 6 mm ø 2 2.364 4.728 0.39 1.843
Stirrup holder
8 mm ø
Total weight = 11.497 = say 12kg
12
Total weight In quintal  0.12 quintal
100
TASK 2 : Calculate the quantity of reinforcement based on shapes of reinforcement required for R.C.C beam
Fig 2 & 3
DATA
Consider a beam of clear length of 4m, 300 mm wide and
450 mm depth. It consists of 2 - 12 diameter bars at top,
and 2 - 16 diameter and 1-12 diameter bars at the bottom.
Diameter of stirrup is 8 mm spaced at 180 mm center to
center. Clear cover to reinforcement provided is 40 mm.
Stirrups are spaced at 180 mm center to center. Stirrups
are provided between walls or support for a beam.
No. of stirrups required for given beam =
4000  460   2  40  1  25.33  26

180
Length a = 450  2  40  370mm
Length b = 300  2  40  220
Therefore length of 1 stirrup S1 = 2  (370  220  90) 

1360mm.
Where 90 mm is the minimum hook length as per IS
2502 (Fig 4) Table 2

Table 2
Bar bending schedule for R.C.C beam
No Discription Shape of bar No.of Length of Total weight Total
with sketch bar each bar length per meter weight
(mm) (m) (kg) in kg
1 Main bar straight
16 mm# 2 4580 9.160 1.58 14.47
2 Main cranked
bar 12mm # 1 4681 4.681 0.89 4.17
3 Top bar 12mm#

(Hanger bar) 2 4380 8.76 0.89 7.80
4 Stirrups 8mm# 26 1360 35.36 0.39 13.79
Total 40.23 kg
Now we will calculate the length of reinforcement based Length of bar B2 is calculated based on shape of this bar.
on shapes of reinforcement required for reinforced concrete
beam in above example. The bar bends up near the support as shown below.
we will start with bottom reinforcement, B1. Length of bar B2 : Length of straight bar + 2 bend length
Bar shape of B1 is as shown below. (Fig 5) H = 450 - 2 × 40 - 2 × 12/2 = 358 mm

B2 = 4000 + 2 × 230 - 2 × 40 + (2 × 0.42 × 358) = 4681mm
Length of bar T1 = 4000 + 2 × 230 -2 × 40 = 4380 mm
Fig 6
Length of B1 = clear distance between walls + 2 x width

of walls - 2 x bar cover + 2 x hook.
Hook length = 6 × 16 = 96 consider as 100 mm.
Hook length is calculated as 6 x diameter of bar for
reinforcement conforming to IS : 1786 - 1961.
Length of B1 = 4000 + 2 × 230 - 2 × 40 + 2 × 100 =
4580mm.

Simply supported one way slab

• prepare L-section and X-section of one way slab
• draw plan of the one way slab
• calculate length and numbers of different bars
• prepare bar bending schedule.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the following views of R.C.C one way slab in CAD software using basic commands (Fig 1)
• The reinforcement plan. • Main bar - 10 mm Ø @ 150 mm c/c. (Alternate bent
• Longitudinal sections. up).
DATA • Distributors - 8 mm Ø @ 200 mm c/c.
• Clear span - 5.54 x 1.54m • Provide minimum distributers on top layer at end strips.
• Wall thickness - 230 mm. • Draw the different views using CAD soft
• Slab thickness - 100 mm.
132
TASK 2 : Calculate the quantity of reinforcement required for R.C.C slab and prepare the bar bending
schedule (Fig 1)
DATA
Size of room 320 × 350 cms. Length of cranked bar = 370 + ( 18 × 1) + ( 0.84 × 50.
Wall thickness - 300 mm. = 392 cm.
Main reinforcement 10 mm bar 15cm c/c. Number of distributers = no. of distributers over straight
bar + no. of distributers under cranked bar.
Distributor bar 8 mm bar 20 cm c/c.
Top and bottom cover 20 mm. I
No. of distributers over straight bar = + 1.
End cover 50 mm. spacing
Slab thickness 10 cm. ( Where ‘I’ is the length of shoter span).

Prepare drawings using cad software. 370
= 1.
Calculations: 20
Total length of slab = 350 + (2 × 30). = 19.5 = 20 Nos.
= 410 cm. No. of distributers under cranked bar (Assume bars are
Total width of slab = 320 + (2 × 30). cranked at 1/5th span) .
=380 cm. y = ( 30 - 5) + 320 × 1/5.
Effective length of slab : 410 - 2 end cover. = 25 + 64.
= 410 - (2 × 5) = 410 - 10. = 89 cm.
= 400 cm. x = y - d.
= 89 - 5 = 84 cm.
Effective width of slab = 380 - 2 end cover.
= 380 - ( 2 × 5 ) = 380 - 10.  x 
No. of distrubuters under cranked bar = 2  Spacing 1
= 370 cm.  
I  84 
Number of main bar = + 1. 2  1  100  40  11 Nos.
spacing
 20 
(Where ‘I’ is the effective length of longer span). Total no. of distributers.
400  I   x 
= + 1 = 27.66    1  2   1
15  Spacing   Spacing 
= 28 Nos. = 20 + 11 = 31 Nos.
28 Length of distributers bar = I + 18Ø.
No of straight bar =  14 Nos.
2 = 400 + 18 x 0.8 = 414.4 cm.
No of cranked bar = 28 - 14 = 14 Nos.
Length of straight bar = I + 18.
= 370 + (18 × 1).
= 388 CM.
Length of cranked bar = I + 18 + 0.84d.
d = D - 2 x cover - 1 dia of the main bar.
= 10 - ( 2 x 2 ) - ( 1 x 1) .
= 10 - 4 - 1 = 5 cm.
d = 5 cm.

SI.No Description Shape of bar No.of Length of Total Weight Total
bars each bar length metre weight
in m in m in kg in kg
1 Main bar
straight bar 14 3.88 54.32 0.62 33.68
10 mm dia
at 15 cm c/c
2 Main bar
cranked bar
10 mm dia at 14 3.922 54.91 0.62 34.04
15 cm c/c
3 Distributers
bar 8 mm dia 31 4.144 128.46 0.39 50.10
at 20 cm c/c 117.82
117.82 × 5
Add 5% for wastage = = 5.89kg
100
Weight = 117.82 + 5.89 = 123.71 kg.

say = 124 kg.
R.C.C two way slab

• prepare L- section and X- section of a two way slab ( corners not held down)
• prepare top and bottom plan.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the simply supported two way slab (corners not held down) using CAD software (Fig 1)
• Section along shorter span showing reinforcement • Width of supporting walls - 300 mm.
details.
• Clear cover - 15 mm.
• Section along longer span showing reinforcement
details. • Reinforcement along shorter span Fe 415 steel - 10
mm @ 210 mm c/c.
• Plan showing the reinforcement details at bottom and
• Reinforcement along longer span - 8 mm Fe 415 steel
at top.
@ 220 mm c/c.
• Bar bending schedule.
• Distributors at top for the main reinforcement in both
DATA directions 8 mm Fe 415 steel @ 290 mm c/c.
• The following are the particulars of a simply supported • Anchorage and curtailment of reinforcement may be
two way slab, and in which corners are not held down. adopted with standard values and any more data
• Size of the room - 4.3 x 5.6 m. required may be assumed suitably.
• Thickness of slab - 140 mm. • Draw the simply supported two way slab (corners not
held down) using CAD software, with suitable scale,
assume any other missing data.

TASK 2 : Draw restrained two way slab (corners held down) (Fig 2 & 3)
• Section along shorter span middle strip showing • Reinforcement in the middle strip.
• Reinforcement along shorter span 12 mm Fe 415 steel
• Section along longer span middle strip showing @ 100 mm c/c
• Reinforcement along longer span 12 mm Fe 415 steel
• Plan showing arrangement of reinforcement at bottom. @ 150 mm c/c
• Plan showing arrangement of reinforcement ar top. • Reinforcement in the edge strips
• Bar bending schedule. • 12 mm Fe 415 steel @ 160 mm c/c. along both spans.
DATA • Distributors at top for the main reinforcement 12 mm.
• The following are the particulars of a simply supported Fe 415 steel @ 160 mm c/c.
two way slab and in which corners are held down. • Torsion reinforcement
• Size of room - 7. 00 x 5.00 m • Both at top and bottom 10 mm Fe 415 steel @ steel
• Width of support - 300 mm @ 110mm c/c in both directions forming a mesh.
• Thickness of slab - 150 mm • Anchorage and curtailment of reinforcement may be
adopted with standard values and any more data
• Clear cover - 15 mm required may be assumed suitably.

Tee beam and inverted beam

• prepare longitudinal and cross section of T - beam
• prepare details of reinforcement in beam.
• prepare L-section Y-section and plan of a combination slab.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw cross section and longitudinal section of a T beam (Fig 1)

DATA
Draw to a suitable scale X - section and L - section of a T Slab
beam continuous on two 6 metres clear span supported Thickness = 150 mm.
on R.C.C. square column 40  40 cm. from the following
data. Main bars = 12 mm. dia @ 150mm. c/c with
alt. bars bent up.
Beam size = 40 cm. × 66 cm. overall
Distribution
Tension bars = 5 Nos 20 mm. dia. with two bars bars = 10 mm. dia. @ 250 mm. c/c.
bent up at 0.90 m. from support.
Column (Reinforcement not to be
Compression shown)
bars = 2 Nos 18 mm. diameter.
How the T beam supporting an R.C.C square column using
Stirrups = 10 mm. dia @ 150 mm. c/c near CAD software.
supports for a distance of 1.05
meter and balance at 300 mm c/c.
141
TASK 2 : Draw the cross section of an inverted beam along with part of a simply supported slab from
following data (Fig 2)
Beam. Steel.
Overall depth = 600 mm. Main bars = 12 mm. at 180 mm. centre to centre with
Width = 350 mm. alternate bars bent at 800 mm. from centre of beam.
Steel tensile bar = 5 Nos with 2 bars bent up 20 mm. dia. Distribution bars = 10 mm. dia. at 220 mm. centre to
center.
Hanger bars = 2 Nos 10 mm. dia.
Provide distribution bars in the bent up part of main bars
Stirrups = 6 mm. dia @ 200 mm. c/c. near the top of slab.
Clear cover = 25 mm. Clear cover = 13 mm.
Slab. Draw the cross section of an inverted beam using CAD
Thickness overall = 160 mm. software.
R.C.C cantilever beam

• prepare R.C.C cantilever beam fixed with R.C.C column
• prepare R.C.C centilever beam resting on brick wall.
TASK 1 : Draw the following views of R.C.C cantilever beam fixed with R.C.C column. (Fig 1)
• Longitudinal section. Stirrups are 10 mm dia. at 150 mm c/c. R.C.C column is
• Plan of main reinforcement. 230 × 230 mm reinforced with 8 nos. of 18 mm dia. bars
and stirrups of 12 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c.
• Cross section at fixed end.
Draw the R.C.C cantilever beam using Auto CAD.
• Cross section at free end.
DATA
The beam is 2.5 m long, depth 300 mm at fixed end and
150 mm at free end respectively. It is provided with 5 nos.
of 18 mm dia. bars in tensile zone in which two of them
3
are curtailed span. 3 nos of 16 mm dia. bars in bottom.
5

TASK 2 : Draw the following views of R.C.C contilever beam resting over brick wall (Fig 2)
• Longitudinal section. 3
which two of the are curtailed at span. 3 nos of 16
• Plan of main reinforcement. 5
• Cross section ar free end. mm dia. bars in compression zone. Stirrups are 10 mm
dia. at 150 mm c/c. Same as previous task.
• Cross section at fixed end.
DATA
Draw the L/S and C/S at free end and fixed end of R.C.C
centilever beam resting over brick wall. The beam is 2.5
m long, 300mm at fixed end and 150 mm at free end, It is
provided with 5 nos. of 18 mm dia. bars in tensile zone in

R.C.C retaining wall
• prepare vertical section of cantilever retaining wall
• prepare reinforcement details of stem, toe, and heal.
TASK 1: Draw R.C.C centilever retaining wall (Fig 1 & 2)

• The section across the stem showing all details. • Stem reinforcement: Main bars @ 16 mm @ 100 c/c,
alternate bars are curtailed at 1.50m, 3.0m from bottom.
• The plan showing the base slab reinforcement.
Distribution bars # 12 mm @ 250 c/c.
• The enlarging drawing showing details at stem and
• Exposed face reinforcement : Main bars # 12 mm @
slab joint
250 c/c, distribution bars # 10 mm @ 300 c/c
• The sectional elevation for a length of 5 meter showing
• Heel reinforcement : # 16 mm @ 180 c/c both ways.
the main reinforcement.
• Toe reinforcement : mainbars # 16 mm @ 150 c/c and
DATA
distribution bars # 12 mm @ 200 c/c
• A cantilever retaining wall has the following details :
• Draw the R.C.C centilever retaining wall by using CAD
Size of base slab 330 × 50 cm, stem 70 cm thick at
software to a suitable scale, as per the given data.
bottom and 40 cm at top, height of stem 400 cm, earth
face vertical.

TASK 2 : Draw a keyed cantilever retaining wall (Fig 3 & 4)
• The section across the stem showing all details • Stem reinforcement : Main bars @ 16 mm @ 200 c/c,
• The plan showing the base slab reinforcement alternate bars are curtailed at 1.50 m and 3.0m from
bottom. Distribution bars # 12 mm @ 250 c/c,
• The enlarging details of stem - slab joint
• Exposed face reinforcement : Main bars # 12 mm @
• The sectional elevation for a length of 5 meter showing 250 c/c/ distribution bars # 10 mm @ 300 c/c
the reinforcement
• Heal reinforcement : # 16 mm @ 180 c/c both ways.
DATA
• Toe reinforcement : mainbars # 16mm @ 150 c/c and
• A keyed cantilever retaining wall has the following distribution bars # 12mm @ 200 c/c
details: Size of base slab 300 x 50 cm, stem 70 cm
thick at bottom and 40 cm at top, height of stem 400 • Same as task no 1
cm, earth face vertical. Key 100 cm x 40 cm

R.C.C Continuous column & footing

• prepare plan and vertical section of R.C.C square and circular column
• prepare details of bars used in column
• prepare reinforced beams to column connection.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the sectional elevation and sectional paln of R.C.C square column 60 x 60 cm showing full
derails of reinforcement (Fig 1)
DATA
Column
Size - 60 cm. × 60cm.
Main reinforcement = 8 Nos 25 mm bars.
Ties = 8 mm @ 20 cm . c/c
Cover = 4 cm.
Footing
Size at bottom = 3.5 m. × 3.5 m.
Size at top = 70 cm. × 70 cm.
Thickness at column face = 70 cm.
Thickness at ends = 30 cm.
Reinforcement = 12 mm @ 15 cm. bothways
Cover = 5 cm.
Lean concrete 1: 8: 16 below foundation is 30 cm. thick
and projects15 cm. on all the four sides.
Depth below G.L. = 1.5 m.
Plinth level = 30 cm. above G.L.
Ht. of ceililng above plinth level = 5.5 m.
Draw the R.C.C square columns drawings using CAD
software to a suitable scale. Assume all other missing
data.
150
TASK 2 : Draw to a suitable scale the sectional plan and cross section of a circular column of dia. 50 cm
along with its footings showing there-in reinforcement details from the following data (Fig 2)
DATA
50 cm. Dia. column
Main steel: 8 No’s bars of 18 mm. dia.
Lateral ties : 5 mm. at 24 cm. centre to centre.
Base of circular footing
Diameter of footing = 330 cm.
Reinforcement = 12 mm. dia. bars at 15 cm centre to
centre both ways with a cover of 5 cm.
The reinforcement in footing is placed in the form of a
square mesh.
The depth from floor level = 150 cm.
The depth from ground level = 120 cm.
The concrete base of 330 cm. diameter is taken up
vertically upto 30 cm. height and then reduced to
50 cm diameter column within the remaining height of 90
cm.
Draw the R.C.C circular column from the given data and
sketches, using Auto CAD.
TAKE 3 : Draw R.C.C cotinuous columns showing position of reinforcement (Fig 3)

Sectional plan Over all depth - 60 cm
Sectional elevation Width - 40 cm
DATA Steel tensile - 4 Nos 20 mm Ø bars
Column Compression - 4 Nos 20 mm bars
Size - 60 cm × 60 cm Stirrups - 8 mm Ø 20 cm c/c
Main reinforcement - 8 Nos 20 mm Ø bars Clear cover - 25 mm
Cover - 4 cm Assume all other missing data.
Ring - 8 mm Øbar 18 cm c/c Draw R.C.C. continuous column using CAD software.
Beams

R.C.C continuous beam

• prepare longitudinal section of a continuous beams
• prepare section near the end support
• prepare section near intermediate support.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the following views of R.C.C continuous beam spanning over two openings (Fig 1)
• Longitudinal section • Width of beam = 220 mm.
• Cross section at support • Main reinforcement = 5 No’s 12 mm. dia with two bars
• Cross section near centre bent up.
DATA • Anchor bars = 2 No’s 10 mm. dia
• Beam spanning on two openings of 3.00m each with • Stirrups = 6 mm. dia @ 180 c/c uptp 800 mm. near
intermediate support 300 mm. wide. The end supports the supports.
are 400 mm. wide. The other details are given below: • 6 mm dia @ 220 c/c in the remaining middle portion.
• Overall depth of beam = 300mm.
153
R.C.C framed structure and continuous column

• prepare vertical section of an R.C.C framed structure
• prepare reinforcement details in beam and column.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the sectional elevation of R.C.C framed structure (portal frame) beam to column connection
(Fig 1)
DATA
• All datas and details are given in Figure. • Draw the sectional elevation of R.C.C framed structure
beam to column connection using AutoCAD software
to a suitable scale. Assume all missing details.
154
Draughtsman Civil - Steel Structure
Different steel sections

• draw the different steel section used for steel structures as per I.S standards.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Dimensions are given in Figure. • tf - thickness of flange.
• ‘b’ - width of flange. • tw - thickness of web.
• h - total depth of section including the flange thickness. • Sketch the drawing attached using AutoCAD.
156 Construction - Draughtsman Civil - Exercise - 3.6.133

INDIAN STANDARD [IS] ROLLED AND SLIT STEEL SECTIONS FOR STRUCTURALUSES
SI. Structural Description Example Weight(kg) important dimension (mm)
No Sections per merer h b tt tw g
1 IS Junior beam ISJB 225 12.8 225 80 5.0 3.7 40
2 IS Light beam ISLB 225 23.5 225 100 8.8 5.8 55
3 IS Medium WT
beam ISMB 225 31.2 225 110 11.8 6.5 60
4 IS Wide flange
beam ISMB 225 33.9 225 150 9.9 6.4 60
5 IS Column section ISHB 225 43.1 225 225 9.1 6.5 140
6 IS Junior channel ISJC 200 13.9 200 70 7.1 4.1 40
7 IS Light channel ISLC 250 28.0 250 100 10.7 6.1 90
8 IS Medium WT
chennel ISMC 250 30.4 250 80 14.1 7.1 45
9 IS Equal angle ISA 100100 9.2 A-100 B- t-60 Cxx= 2.67

100 Cyy
10 Do Do 12.1 100 100 80 Do 2.76
11 Do Do 14.9 100 100 10.0 Do 2.84
12 Do Do 17.7 100 100 12.0 Do 2.92
13 IS Unequal angle ISA 100 75 8.0 A-100 B-75 t=6.0 Cxx= Cyy=
3.01 1.78
14 Do Do 10.5 100 75 80 3.10 1.87
15 Do Do 13.0 100 75 10.0 3.19 1.95
16 Do Do 15.4 100 75 12.0 3. 27 2.03
17 IS Normal tee ISNT 150 22.8 150 150 10.0 10.00 Cxx-
3.95
18 IS Tee from ISHB ISHT 125 27.4 125 250 9.7 8.8 2.37
19 IS Standard tee ISST 150 15.7 150 75 11.6 8.0 4.75
20 IS Light WT tee ISLT 100 12.7 100 100 10.8 5.7 2.13
21 IS Junior tee ISJT 100 5.0 100 60 5.0 3.4 2.81
22 IS Rolled plate W-900- 2500mm t-5.63mm Length 2-12.5m

23 I.S Strip W= 100-1550 t=1.6 - 10mm
24 Mild steel flat W= 10- 400mm t=3-40mm
25 IS Round bar ISRQ d=5-200 mm
26 IS Square bar ISSQ s=5-100 mm
Different types of rivet heads

• draw the different types of rivet heads.
PROCEDURE
• Dia of rivet d = 20 mm • Draw the various rivet heads according to the dimension
using Auto CAD. (Fig 1)
• Compute the various elements of the rivet for d = 20
mm.

Various riveted joints
• draw various riveted joints.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Plate thicknes t = 16 mm. • Compute the various elements of the joints.
• Draw the various joints using AutoCAD. (Fig 1)
• d=6 t .

Bolts
• draw the views of the following by free hand as well as using instruments.
PROCEDURE
Exercises
Draw the views of various types of bolts like hexagonal
bolt, square head bolt, tee bolt, hook bolt, eye bolt, etc.
using conventions by free hand and also using
instruments.
Exercise 1
Draw M30 hexagonal bolt of shank length 100 mm
according to a) General propportions (b) Indian Standard
IS: 1364.
Hexagonal head bolt M30.
Proportion of bolt head and other features.
Given dia = 30 mm
Bolt head across flats = 3 d or 1.5d + 3 mm
Thickness 0.8 to 0.9 d

Radius of chamfer R = 1.5d or 1.4d. Length of bolt 3 to 4d
approx. or more.

• Draw a thin circle of dia 3 × d = 1.732 × 30 = 51.96
say 52 mm or 1.5d + 3 = 1.5  30 + 3 = 48 mm
• Construct a regular hexagon externally using 30° -
60° set square.
• Draw a concentric hidden circle of dia 30. (Fig 1a)
• Draw projectors from corners of the hexagon parallel
to the axis.
• Form a rectangle, on the projectors equal to the
distance ‘corner’ of hexagon and thickness 24 mm
(0.8d) as sides. (Fig 1b).
• Draw projectors from the points on dia of the circle of
‘W’ width of both end on to the ‘Top’ line.
• Draw projectors from the points B & C of the hexagon.
Draw the centre lines of ab, bc & cd.
• Draw 30° lines as shown in Fig 1b.
• Draw perpendicular bisector on 30° line, intersecting
the above centre lines, mark the points as C1, C2 (Fig
1c).
• Draw arcs with centres C1, C2 touching the top line by
trial and error method. (Fig 1d).
• With b or c as centre, take 1.5d or 1.4d as radius and
mark point ‘T’ on the centre line.
• With ‘T’ as centre with the same radius, draw an arc
joining bc.
• Draw tangential line firm.
• Draw projection lines from the hidden circle, to the
head forming the shank.
Exercise 2
• Draw the views of a square head bolt M30, 100mm
long IS 2585 - 1968. (Fig 2)
Note : The length of the bolt ranges from 90 • Draw a horizontal projector from x on to 30° line
mm to 400 mm. meeting at b.
• Draw vertical projector from b on to the rectangle
• As per general propartion
projector from b on to the rectangle and mark c,d.
• Bolt head side A/F = 1.5d +3 = 1.5 × 30 + 3 = 48
• Draw an arc passing throught c, d and touching
mm.
point e.
• Length of bolt = 5 to 8 d.
• Draw the shank. (body)
• Bolt head thickness = 0.8d to d = 24 mm or 30 mm.
• Draw core dia (d-2 x depth of the thread) equal to
• Radius of chamfer = 2d = R 60. 26 mm (approx.) for all the M30 bolts.
• Draw a square of side 48 mm on centre ‘O’. • Draw the completed views of the bolt as shown in
hexagonal bolt. (Fig 1d)
• Draw arc with half the diagonal as radius, with centre
‘O’ meting the vertical centre line at ‘X’.
• Draw projectors from the corner and mark a
recrangle of thickness 24 mm. (a,a’, a” and a”’).
• Draw 30° angle at a, on the corner of a rectangle
and extend as shown.

Exercise 3
• Draw 48 mm square with sides 45° to horizontal, draw • Mark 30° line on the points of circle at a.
a circle touching the sides. (Fig 3) • Mark the point b extend to the other end.
• Project and mark the head thickness, width across • Mark c,d on the line.
corners and projection of the circle.
• Draw arcs as shown Fig 3
Exercise 4
• Draw a ‘T’ bolt - Standard and non - standard dia 30. • Draw tangents to the circle showing the square cross
(Fig 4) section.
Exercise 5
• Srandard ‘T’ bolts IS : 2014 1977 used on std ‘T’ slots
IS: 2013
• Follow as in above example taking dimensions as per
IS: 2014 - 1977. (Fig 5)
Non standard bolt

• Draw the shank of a bolt dia (d) 30 mm.
• Mark a length 24 mm draw a line show diagonal
lines indicating flat surface.
• Form a rectangle of 54 × 24 (1.8 × 0.8d) as shown
in Fig 4.
• By drawing projec-tors draw the end view forming
a rectangle 1.8d × d with a circle dia d (30) in the
centre, which shows the section of shank dia.

Exercise 6
• Draw the views of a hook bolt dia 50, holding a plate in
position.
• Draw the shank of dia 50 mm, mark flat surface on
one end, to width 0.8d = 40 mm.
• Draw a semi-circle of radius 0.9d on its end as shown.
• Draw the end view of rectangle d x 1.8d without the
plates.
• Form a square from base, draw a circle (d) and hatch
it. (Fig 6.) Exercise 8
• Draw the view of a lifting eye bolt dia 30. (Fig 8)
• Draw concentric circles of dia 45 and dia 63 mm (1.5d
and 2.1d).
• Draw collar of dia 2d and thickness 0.4d at 2d from
the centre.
• Draw fillet curves, add the end view. .
• Dimension the view..
Exercise 7
• Draw the views of a eye bolt dia 40 mm. (Fig 7)
• Draw concentric circles of dia 80 and 40.
• Draw bolt shank of dia 40 meeting dia 80, hatch the
end. On end view mark a rectangle of 2d x 1.2d.
• Draw the circle dia 40, symmetrically in the centre.
• Hatch the circle and dimension the view.

Draughtsman Civil - Steel Structures
Section and elevation of girders

• draw section and elevation of girders.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw section and elevation of girders
• Draw section of built up or compound beams (or) • Draw the elevation of warren in girder, lattile girder and
girders. (Fig 1) ‘N’ girder (Fig 5).
• Draw elevation and section of box girder ( Fig 2,3).
Note : By refering the steel table select suitable
• Draw elevation and section of a plate Girder (Fig 4). dimension and with guidence of instructor
prepare the drawing.
164
Various beam to beam connections (structural joints)

• draw various beam to beam connections.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw various beam to beam connections

DATA (Fig 1)
• Main beams ISLB 500. • Rivets 20 mm @ 60mm c/c.
• Cross beam ISLB 300. • Draw the connections using AutoCAD.
• Cleat - angles ISA 90 x 90 x 8 mm.
165
Drawing of beam and to column connection
• draw the various beam end to column connections.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Columb ISHB 250 (Fig 2) • Stiffening angle ISA 90 x 90 x 8 mm
• Beam ISLB 400 • Filler plate 8mm thick
• Angle ISA 90 x 90 x 8 mm • Rivet ø 16 mm @60 mm c/c
• Flange angle ISA 100 x 75 x 8 mm • Draw the connections using various autocad
commands.

Plate girder
• draw the plan elevation and section of a plate girder.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Overall depth - 1560 mm. • Web stiffner - ISA 100 x 75 x 10 mm.
• Width - 450 mm. • Sole plate - 450 x 450 x 20 mm.
• Web depth - 1500 mm. • Web rivets ø 18 mm at 200mm c/c.
• Web thickness 8 mm. • Flange rivete ø 18mm at 120mm c/c.
• Main flange plate - 450 x 12 mm. • Select a suitable scale and draw the plan, elevation
and section using Auto CAD. (Fig 1)
• Outer flange plate 450 x 12 mm.
• Dimension the drawings and complete.
• Flange angle - ISA 150 x 150 10 mm.
169
Steel roof truss
• draw roof truss steel
• draw the joints details.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Span (effective) - 10 m. • Main tie - 2ISA 60 x 60 x 6 mm.
• Slope of roof - 30° • Purlin - ISA 100 x 75 x 6 mm.
• Principal rafter - ISA 90 x 60 x 6 mm. • Sag tie - ISA 50 x 50 x 6 mm.
• Main strut - ISA 75 x 75 x 6 mm. • Cleat - 75 x 75 x 6 mm.
• Short strut - ISA 50 x 50 x 6 mm. • Gusset plate - 6 mm thick.
• Tie beam - 2ISA 75 x 75 x 6 mm. • Tack rivets 16 at 200 mm c/c.
• Tie - ISA 60 x 60 x 6 mm. • Draw the truss using Auto cad. (Fig 2)
• Complete the drawing with all dimensions and notes.

Isometric view of steel stanchion
Objectove : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• draw the isometric view of a steel stanchion.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Concrete base - 1200 x 1200 x 600 mm. • Beam - ISLB 225 100 x 8.6 mm.
• Base plate - 770 x 770 x 36 mm. • Seat angle - ISA 100 x 75 x 8 mm.
• Cleat angle - ISA 150 x 115 x 12mm. • Flange angle - ISA 100 75 x 8 mm.
• Gusset plate - 12 mm thick. • Draw the isometric view of the steel stanchion using
autocad (Fig 1)
• Column - ISHB 250 x 150 x 12 mm.

Symbols used in welded joint
• draw various symbols used for welded joints.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• Sketch the attached symbols using AutoCAD (Fig 1)
• Given sketches

Symbols used in bolts and nuts
• draw various symbols used for nuts and bolts.
• draw the various symbols used for nuts and bolts.
(Fig 1)

Draughtsman Civil - Public Health and Sanitation
Pipe joints for underground drainage

• draw the different types of pipe joints.
PROCEDURE
DATA
• For collar joint. • For other joints (2) to (7).
• D - (Diameter of pipe) = 50 cm. • D = Diameter of pipe = 10 cm.
• t - (thickness of pipe) = 5 cm. • t = thickness of pipe = 1 cm.
TASK 1 : Draw the typical pipe joints
• Draw the pipe joints as per given drawing and data • Take a print out in a A3 size paper.
using auto cad. (Fig 1 to 9)
176
System of plumbing in multistoried building

• draw the different types of plumbing system commonly used
• draw the diagram of one pipe system
• draw the diagram of two pipe system
• draw the pipe accessories.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the diagram of one pipe system in system of plumbing (Fig 1)
• Draw the diagram of two pipe system. (Fig 2) • Draw the details of pipe accessories such as bend,
connector, junction etc. (Fig 3)
178
• Draw the diagrams of one pipe system and two pipe • Complete the drawing and take a print.
system in house plumbing by using auto cad.
• Draw the pipe accessories such as bend, connector,
junction etc as per given sketch.

Septic tank and soak pit dispersion trench

• design septic tank soak pit and dispersion trench
• draw septic tank
• draw soak pit of empty type and filled up type
• draw dispersion trench
• draw cess pool.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Design and draw septic tank, soak pit dispersion trench for 50 users.
DATA
For septic tank
Rate of water supply = 135 litres/ capita/ day
Assuming the depth of septic tank .......say 2.00 metre.
Number of users = 50 Nos
Then the area of septic tank = 12.9/2.00 = 6.45 m2.
Detension period = 24 hrs.
Length - width ratio ....... = 3:1 (ration may be in between
Cleaning period = 2 years interval. 2.0 - to - 4.00).
Sludge storage / capit = 0.0708m3. Length x breadth = 3 x breadth x breadth = 6.45m2
Clean space for sedimentation = 0.30 m deep. (Breadth)2 = 6.45/3 = 2.15.m
Scum storage / capita = 0.01m3. Breadth = 1.46m say 1.50 m.
Sludge digestion / capita = 0.028 m . 3
Length = 1.50 × 3 = 4.50 m.
For soak pit Assuming free board of 30.00 cm (normal range 40.00
Percolating capacity of filter media as 1.25 m / day
3 cm - to - 60.00 cm).
For dispersion trench: Total depth = 2.00 + 0.30 = 2.30 m.

Percolation rate 0.204m3 / day. Hence provide septic tank of size (4.50 × 1.50 × 2.30) m
Design of a septic tank for 50 users Check for spaces:-
Assuming the usage of water 135 litre per / capita / day. Sedimentation volume for clear space of 0.30 m deep =
clear space x surface area = 0.30 × 6.45 = 1.935m3
No of users = 50.
Scum storage 0.01m3 / capita = 50 × 0.01 = 0.50 m3
Total quantity of sewage = 135 × 50 = 6750.00 litres =
6.75m3. Sludge digestion 0.028m3 / capita = 50 × 0.028 = 1.40
Assuming a detention period = 24 hours (normal range m3
12.00 - to - 24.00 hours). Sludge storage at 0.0708 m3 / capita = 50 × 0.028 =
1.40m3
24
Tank capacity = 6.75 × = 6.75 m 3 . Sludge storage at 0.0708 m3 /capita for 2 years of cleaning
24
interval = 50 × 0.0708 = 3.54m3
Assuming the tank is cleaning period = 2 year. Total space = 1.935 + 0.5 + 1.40 + 3.54 = 7.38 m3 against
The sludge storage per capita = 0.0708m 3. tank capacity of 10.3 m3
Sludge storage required = 50 × 0.0708 = 3.54m3. Hance the design is correct.
Total capacity =6.75+3.54 =10.29m3 say 10.30m3 .....(1) Soak pit
Add 25% extra for future expansion. Flow of sewage/day = 6.75m3
Then total design capacity. Add 25% for future expansion, Then total flow of sewage/
181
day = ® 6.75 × 125 • Draw the cover slab 10 cm thick and provide a man
3 3
= 8.44m = 8.5m hole cover 50 cm dia in the slab.
100
Assume the percolating capacity of filter media of well as • Provide floor slope of about 1 in 10 or 1 in 20 and a
1.25m3/per day vent pipe 8 cm with min depth 2 .00m.
Volume required for soak pit = 8.5/1.25 = 6.8m3..........say • Draw the cross section of the depth tank. ( Section at
7.00 m3. YY).
If the depth of soak pit is 2.50 metre. • Complete the drawing.
Area of soak pit = 7.00/2.50 = 2.80m 2.
2 Soak pit (1) (Filled type) (Fig 2 & Fig 3))
2
πd /4 =
2.80 m2.. • Draw the section of the pit with 2.00 m inner diameter
and 2.5 m deep from the invert level of the inlet pipe.
D =1.90 m say 2.00 m diameter.
• Draw 30 cm thick outer casing with coarse sand to a
A soak pit of diameter 2m, and 2.5m deep below the invert depth of 2.30 m and over it draw 20 cm thick brick or
level of the inlet pipe may be provided. stone or concrete or brick masonry with mortar joints.
Design of dispersion trench:- • Fill the inside with loose brick bats or stones.
Flow of sewage in the trench per day = 8.5 m3.
• Show cement plaster layer on the inside of pit above
Assume width of dispersion trench = 1 m. the level of inlet pipe and draw R.C.C cover to the pit
Percolation rate of sewage is 0.24 m /day (Assume).
3 of 10cm thickness
• Complete the drawing as per given sketch.
8.5
Length of trench required = × 1 = 41.7m say 42m. 3 Dispersion trench (Fig 4)
0.204
• Draw the plan of distribution chamber 1m × 0.9m with
Provide 3 trenches each 14m long. 10 cm wall thickness.
Dispersion trench width 30 - 50 m.
• Draw three trenches 1m wide and 14m long and
Depth 50 - 75 cm. connect to the distribution chamber with 10 cm
earthenware pipes or concrete pipes.
(By using Auto CAD).
1 Septic tank (Fig 1) • Mark the dimension and complete the plan.
• Draw plan of the septic tank with inner dimension (4.50 • Draw the L - section at “YY” and cross - section at
m x 1.50 m) wall thickness 20 cm. “XX” as per given sketch.
• Draw RCC baffle wall 90 cm from the inlet end. • Complete drawing and take a print in A3 size paper.
• Draw 10 cm inlet and outlet pipe and complete the 4 Cess pool (Fig 5)
plan as per give drawing. • Draw the plan of the cess pool with internal diameter
• Draw the L - section at XX by projecting lines from 1.5m
plan and total depth (at middle) 2.30m (2.00m water • Draw the sectional elevation.
and 0.80mm free board.
• Dimension the drawings and complete.
• Draw inlet pipe above water level.
• Draw outlet pipe 10 cm ø with bottom level same as
sewage level.

Man holes
• draw shallow man hole
• draw deep man hole.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the detailed drawings of a shallow manhole (depth below 2m) (Fig 1)
DATA
• Working chamber - (80 x 80 x 90) cm. • Branch sewer - 15 cm dia.
• Walls - 20 cm thick brick masonry in cm 1:4, plastered • manhole - 50 cm diameter.
inside with CM 1:3, 12 mm thick.
• Draw sectional plan, longitudinal section (section at
• Foundation - C.C 1:2:4, 20 cm thick, with a projection AA) and cross - section (section at BB) of the manhole
of 10 cm beyond walls. as per given data and sketches.
• Covering slab - 10 cm thick R.C.C 1:2:4. • Mark the dimensions and complete the drawings.
• Main sewer pipe - 20 cm dia. • Take a print in A3 size paper.

TASK 2 : Prepare the detailed drawing of a deep manhole (Fig 2)
DATA
• Working chamber - (120 x 90 x 140) cm. • Slab - 12 cm thick RCC slab for working chamber, 10
cm thick RCC slab for entrance shaft.
• Entrance shaft - (90 x 50 x 60) cm.
• Man hole cover - 60 cm diameter.
• Wall - 30 cm thick brick wall for working chamber and
20 cm thick wall for entrance shaft. A man hole of 2m or above is called deep man
hole.

Rain water harvesting tank
• draw rain water harvesting tank.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the details of a rain water harvesting tank (using Auto CAD) (Fig 1)
DATA
• Storage tank capacity 6000 litres. • R.C.C top slab - 10 cm thick.
• Size of tank - (3.00 x 1.50 x 1.50) m. • Inlet chamber of rain water separator inside dimension
(50 × 50) cm.
• Free board - 15 cm thick.
• RCC wall - 15 cm thick • Wall - brick masonry in CM 1:4, plastered with CM
1:3, 12 mm thick.
• RCC top slab - 10 cm thick.
• Foundation - P.C.C 1:2:4, 10 cm thick.
• Man hole - 50 cm ø
• Inlet pipe - 10 cm ø
Filter tank
• Draw the sectional plan and longitudinal section of
• Size of tank - (0.90 × 1.50 × 0.90) m. the storage tank, filter tank and rain water separator
(inlet chamber) as per given data and sketches.
• Filter media - 50 cm deep.
• Hatch the drawing wherever necessary and complete
• (10 cm coarses and
the dimensioning.
• 20 cm fines and)
• Take a print in a A3 size paper.
• Wall thickness - 15 cm.

Bio gas plant
• draw a bio gas plant.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the detailed drawing of a bio gas plant (using Auto CAD (Fig 1)
DATA
• Main plant • Rise of dome: 650
• Bottom level of plant: + 17.500 • Top dome consists of cement mortar 1:3, 25 thick over
• Thickness of bottom concrete : 200 iron grill and chicken mesh
• Inner dia. of gas plant: 2500 • Top level of dome : + 19.725
• Thickness of brick work: 200 • Ground level : 19.250
• Inner height of gas plant: 2000 • Slurry level in the gas plant: + 18.750

Inlet tank • Thickness of concrete: 100
• Top level of inlet tank : + 19.450 • Thickness of brick wall: 100
• Dimension of tank: 500 x 500 • Size of outlet opening : 200 x 200
• Depth of tank: 800 • (All dimensions are in mm)
• Thickness of concrete : 100 • Draw the plan and sectional elevation of a bio gas plant
as per given data and sketches.
• Thickness of brick wall : 100
• Hatch the portions wherever necessary and complete
• Size of inlet opening : 300 x 300
the dimensioning.
Outlet tank
• Take a print out in A3 size paper.
• Dimension of tank: 500 x 500
• Depth of tank: 1050

Diagram of water supply connection scheme

• draw the chart of water treatment and storage operations
• draw the diagram of water supply connection to isolated residential building
• draw the diagram of water supply installation in a flat and in an isolated building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 :Prepare a schematic chart of water treatment and storage operations along with waste water treatment
operations (Fig 1)
193
TASK 2 : Prepare a schematic diagram for water supply connection to residential building (Fig 2)
TASK 3 : Prepare a schematic diagram of typical water supply installation in a flat and in an isolated building
(Fig 3 & 4)
• Draw the diagram in the chart as per given reference
sketches.

R.C.C square overhead water tank supported by four column

• draw the R.C.C overhead water tank.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the R.C.C square over head tank supported by four columns using Auto CAD software (Fig 1)
DATA
• Size of the tank - 3300 x 3300 mm. • Depth of water inside the tank - 2.5 m.
• Height of wall of the tank - 3m. • Depth of foundation below G.L - 1200 mm.
• Free board - 0.5 m. • Size of column footing - 1400 x 1400 mm.
• Thickness of bottom slab 150 mm. • Diameter of inlet, outlet and overflow pipes - 200 mm.
• Thickness of tank wall - 150 mm. • Diameter of scour pipe - 150 mm.
• Thickness of cover slab - 100 mm. • Diameter of vent pipe - 150 mm.
• Size of beam at top of column - 250 x 250 mm. • Any more data required may be assumed suitably.
• Size of column - 250 x 250 mm. • Draw the plan and sectional elevation of the R.C.C
overhead tank supported by four columns.
• Size of braces - 250 x 300 mm.
• Dimension the figure and complete the drawing as
• Height of column from G.L - 6m. per given data and sketches.
• Size of manhole - 600 mm x 600 mm. • Take a print in A3 size paper.
198
Service plan for isolated building and sewer system

• prepare drainage plan of a building.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare drainage plan of the building (Fig 1)

• To a convenient scale, draw the site plan of the building. • Draw the sewer lines house sewer in the site plan and
• Draw the line sketch or detailed plan of the building in mark the positions of inspection chambers, manholes,
the site plan in the same scale. etc.
• Mark the positions of sanitary appliamces and toilet • Draw connection from the gully trap to building sewer
fixtures in the building plan by conventional symbols and show its direction also.
and mark the positions of gully traps outside the • Complete the drainage plan.
building.
200
Types of sanitary fittings and toilet fixtures

• draw the different sanitary fittings in building
• draw the arrangement of sanitary fittings in toilet and bathroom.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Prepare the detailed drawings of the sanitary fittings in toilet and bathrooms (Fig 1)
• Draw the details of sanitary fittings as per given drawing
using auto CAD and take a print in A3 size paper.
202
TASK 2 : Prepare the drawing showing the arrangement of sanitary fittings in toilet and bathrooms.
(Fig 2 to 19)
• Draw the plan of toilet with (1) ordinary W.C and (2) • Show the arrangement of sanitary fittings in the plan.
European W.C (3), Bath room with separate W.C (4) • Mark the dimensions and complete the drawing.
combined bath and W.C (5) public lavatory showing
all details as per given drawing using Auto CAD. • Take a print in A3 size paper.

Rapid sand filter - water treatment plant ( WTP )

• draw the details of rapid sand filter
• identify the different layers of filter media.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Draw the rapid sand filter using Auto CAD (Fig 1)
DATA
• Size of filter unit - (6.00 x 4.00) m. • Bottom of wash water trough is 30 cm above the
surface of filter media.
• Size of inlet chamber - ( 1.00 x 4.00) m.
• Filter media
• Wall thickness - 30 cm.
• Gravel layer - 60 cm (4 layers each 15 cm thick).
• Thickness of foundation - 45 cm.
• ( 3-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 mm size).
• Dia. of main drain - 30 cm.
• Filter sand - 90 cm depth (effective size (0.4 to 0.6
• Laterals - 4 cm dia @ 30 cm c/c. mm)
• Slope of laterals 1 in 50. • ( By using Auto CAD).
• Raw water inlet - 20 cm ø. • Draw the plan of the filter unit.
• Wash water drain pipe - 20 cm ø. • From the plan develop longitudinal section and cross
• Wash water troughs - (30 x 30) cm - 2 nos. section of the filter.
• Free board - 50 cm. • Complete the drawing and take a print in A3 size paper.
210
Flow diagram of sewage treatment plant (STP)
• drawing of the flow diagram of aero filter with single stage and two stage treatment
• drawing of the flow diagram of bio filtrarion with single stage treatment and two stage treatment.
TASK 1 : Draw the flow diagram of aero filter with single stage and two stage treatment (Fig 1 & 2)

TASK 2 : Draw the flow diagram of bio filtration with single stage treatment and two stage trearment (Fig 3 &4)

D Man Civil 2nd Year (Volume I of II) TP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

D Man Civil 2nd Year (Volume I of II) TP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

D Man Civil 2nd Year (Volume I of II) TP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DRAUGHTSMAN CIVIL

2nd Year (Volume I of II)

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TRAINING

Copyright@ 2018 National Instructional Media Institute, Chennai

All rights reserved.

New Delhi - 110 001

MEDIA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Shri. V. Dhanasekaran _ Assistant Director of Training (Retd.),

Shri. G. Jeyaraman _ Assistant Training Officer (Retd.),

Shri.G. Michael Johny _ Assitant Manager,

Module 1 - Building Drawing

Module 2 - Computer Practice

Module 3 - 3D Modeling in CAD

Module 4 - Building Drawing (Public)

Module 5 - Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure

Module 6 - Steel Structures

Module 7 - Public Health and Sanitation

Contents of Trade Theory

Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.

Module 1: Building Drawing

Module 2: Computer Practice

3.2.96 Function of keys and practice of base commands 13

Module 3: 3D Modeling in CAD

3.3.110 Create and use model space view ports 96

Module 4: Bulding Drawing (Public)

Module 5: Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure

3.5.124 Singly reinforced R.C.C rectangular beam 116

Module 6: Steel Structure

3.6.133 Different steel sections 156

3.6.134 Section and elevation of girders 164

Module 7: Public Health and Sanitation

3.7.137 Pipe joints for underground drainage 176

On completion of this book you shall be able to

• Draw single storied building site plan layout.

Week Ref. Learning Professional Knowledge Professional Skills

Draw single Drawing details of:-

Create objects on Computer practice:- Computer aided drafting:-

Draw a sanction Building Drawing (Residential) Building Planning:-

61 Create objects on 3D modeling in CAD :- (28 hrs) 3D modeling concept in CAD

Draughtsman civil 3rd semester

Materials used for RCC:-

69-70 Draw the different Drawing of different types of:-

Project work / on the job training

Draughtsman civil 3rd semester

Single storied residential building with atteched bath (flat roof)

TASK 2 : Draw the section (Fig 2)

TASK 3 : Draw the elevation (Fig 2)

Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.1.91 3

4 Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.1.91

Detail of residential building with layout site plan

TASK 1 : Prepare the given sketch using templates (Fig 1)

TASK 1 : Prepare the site plan as per given sketch (Fig 1)

8 Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.1.93

Create a drawing of building showing set back

TASK 1 : Draw a plan of single bed room residental building

TASK 2 : Draw a setback layout of the building (Fig 1)

• Building frontage : 1 Road width + 3m. • Left side back 1 12 m.

Showing the key plan

Function of keys and practice of base commands

14 Construction: Draughtsman Civil (NSQF LEVEL 5) - Exercise 3.2.96