IOT BASED SMART MOSQUE AUTOMATION

Final Year Project Report

Presented by

Muhammad Rebal Tariq

CIIT/FA20-BEE-135/ISB

Haider Ali
CIIT/ FA20-BEE-058/ISB

Muhammad Hamza Khalil

CIIT/ FA20-BEE-092/ISB

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the Degree of

Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

July 2024
 IOT BASED SMART MOSQUE AUTOMATION

An Undergraduate Final Year Project Report submitted to the

Department of
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

As a Partial Fulfillment for the award of Degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

by
Name Registration Number
Muhammad Rebal Tariq CIIT/FA20-BEE-135/ISB

Haider Ali CIIT/FA20-BEE-058/ISB

Muhammad Hamza Khalil CIIT/FA20-BEE-092/ISB

Supervised by

Asist.Professor Haider Ali

Designation,
Department of Electrical Engineering
CU Islamabad

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

July 2024
 Final Approval

IOT BASED SMART MOSQUE AUTOMATION

Submitted for the Degree of
Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering

by
Name Registration Number
Muhammad Rebal Tariq CIIT/FA20-BEE-135/ISB

Haider Ali CIIT/FA20-BEE-058/ISB

Muhammad Hamza Khalil CIIT/FA20-BEE-092/ISB

has been approved for

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

_____________________
Supervisor
Dr.Haider Ali,
Asistant Professor

______________________ ______________________
Internal Examiner-1 Internal Examiner-2
Dr Bakhtiar Ali Dr. Babar Mansoor
Asistant Professor Asistant Professor

______________________
External Examiner
Name,
Designation _____________________

Head
Department of Electrical Engineering
 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
We hereby declare that we are the sole authors of this thesis. This is a true copy of the
thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners.
It is further declared, that we have fulfilled all the requirements in line with the Quality
Assurance guidelines of the Higher Education Commission. we understand that our thesis
may be made electronically available to the public

Signature:______________
Name Muhammad Rebal Tariq

Signature:______________
Name Haider Ali

Signature:______________
Name Muhammad Hamza Khalil

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

July 2024
 Dedication
We dedicate this thesis to our family, friends, and teachers. We are grateful for their
unwavering support and belief in us. Our family has always believed in our potential,
and our friends have been there for us throughout this journey. Our teachers have played
a crucial role in improvement of our knowledge and have instilled in us a profound love
for learning. We will forever be thankful for their unwavering support
 Abstract
The primary objectives of this thesis are to design and develop an experimental model
for a Smart Mosque that uses the principle of IoT. To apply the principle of IoT to such
a system we can implement sensors, actuators, modules, and data analysis techniques,
the Smart Mosque system automates routine tasks, optimizes resource utilization, and
provides real- time information to worshippers. The main strategy of this study area
focuses on Energy Conservation, Energy Management, Prayer Time Management,
Event Management, and enhancing user experience in Smart Mosque.
This project methodology involves a comprehensive literature review to explore the
existing implementation of Smart Mosque and IoT technologies in religious contexts.
It also explores the existing IoT system implemented in Smart Homes, IoT in the Indus-
tries sectors, and energy management systems used today. Based on the research and
discovery, a system architecture is proposed and the necessary hardware and software
components are selected. In system architecture, we use Bluetooth(MODULE) Wifi-
based board that can be used to establish internet connectivity between IoT devices and
Mobile apps for real-time monitoring. We use Arduino Mega (Atmega 2560 Rev3) that
can be used to connect different devices like sensors, actuators, relays, and mod- ules
to transmit data into Arduino by looking into the surrounding and environmental
conditions. The Arduino Mega and ESP modules can be connected serially using the
Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) protocol. UART protocol uses
two communication lines one is called the transmitter (Tx) and another one is the
receiver (Rx). The designed system is then implemented, considering the Mosque
environment, requirements, and challenges.

The Smart Mosque is evaluated through quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Data is collected and analyzed to review the system’s performance regarding prayer
time accuracy, energy saving, and user satisfaction. In the user’s feedback survey, less
were disagree, and more strongly agreed with the implementation of IoT in religious
spaces. The result clarifies that the Smart Mosque can greatly improve the efficiency
of energy saving, reduce water over usage, and security, and boost worshipers’
experiences.
 Acknowledgements
We want to thank Comsats University Islamabad Campus for their help and guidance in
developing the Smart Mosque project. They have been very supportive and have always
encouraged us in the field of Electrical Engineering. Their help has been essential to the
success of this project.
We are thankful to our supervisor, Dr. Haider Ali, for their unwavering guidance,
encouragement, and expertise. Their insightful feedback and suggestions have been
instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this thesis.
Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the Electrical Department and the re-
search staff at the University of Comsats Islamabad Campus for providing the necessary
resources, facilities, and a conducive environment for this research. The opportunity to
collaborate with fellow researchers and engage in scholarly discussions has been
enriching and invaluable.

We are grateful to our family and friends for their constant love, support, and
understanding throughout this journey. Their encouragement and belief in our abilities
have motivated and strengthened us.

Lastly, we extend our most profound appreciation to all the participants who gen-
erously contributed their time and insights to this study. With their willingness to
participate, this research was possible.
 Contents

Dedication ................................................................................................................ 4

Abstract ………………………...................................................................................5
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. 6

1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 14

1.1 Background ................................................................................................. 14

1.2 Smart Mosque and IoT................................................................................. 15

1.2.1 Intelligent Energy Management..................................................... 15

1.2.2 Water Management …………….....................................................16
1.2.3 Environmental Monitoring and Maintenance ..................................16
1.2.4 Occupancy and Security Management ............................................ 16

1.3 Motivation........................................................................................... ……..16

1.3.1 Technology Integration ……...........................................................17
1.3.2 Community Engagement.................................................................. 17

1.3.3 Sustainability and Environmental Impact....................................... 18

1.4 Objectives....................................................................................................... 18

1.5 Broader Impact Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG’s) ....................... 19

1.5.1 Quality Education
1.5.2 Affordable and clean energy
1.5.3 Industry ,innovation and and infrastructure
1.5.4 Sustainable cities and communities
1.5.5 Responsible consumption and production
1.5.6 Climate action

1.6 Professional Engineering and Sustainability ............................................... 20

1.6.1 PLO6-The Engineer & Society.......................................................20

1.6.2 PLO7-Environment &

Sustainability.................................................................................. 21

2 Literature Review 21
2.1 Internet of Things and Future of the
World.................................................................................................. ………22
2.2 Mosque Al-Nabawi and Al-Haram ............................................................... 24

2.3 Energy Efficient Mosque ............................................................................. 24

2.3.1 Smart Lights ..................................................................................... 25

2.4 Limited Water Consumption ......................................................................... 25
 2.5 Prayer Time Management ............................................................................. 25

2.6 Security and Real-time alert .......................................................................... 26

3 Methodology 26
3.1 System Architecture & Hardware Components ............................................ 26

3.1.1 ESP8266and Arduino Mega ........................................................... 27

3.1.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor ..................................... 29

3.1.3 Ultrasonic Sensor ............................................................................. 30

3.1.4 I2C LCD ........................................................................................... 32

3.2 Software Components ................................................................................... 33

3.2.1 NTP Server ....................................................................................... 34

3.2.2 HTTP Request and Response ........................................................... 35

3.2.3 API Server ....................................................................................... 36

4 System Design and Implementation 37
4.1 Time Management and Event Notifications ................................................. 38

4.1.1 DISPLAY Time................................................................................ 38

4.1.2 DISPLAY Prayer Time .................................................................... 39

4.1.3 SMS and Email notification for Update Time ................................. 40

4.1.4 Daily Quran Verses .......................................................................... 40

4.2 Sensor Data Collection and Device Control in Smart Mosque
System........................ 40

4.2.1 Serial Transmitter and

Receiver..........................................................................................41
4.2.2 Mobile App and Web dashboard interface
....................................................,…………………………………….42

4.2.3 Circuit Diagram .................................................................................43

5 Discussion and Conclusion
..................................................................................................................................44

5.1 Discussion
........................................................................................................................44
5.2 Conclusion
.....................................................................................................................44

5.3 Future Work

.........................................................................................................................45
References ..................................................................................................................46
List of Figures

2.1 Google trend Search of IoT in UK 23

2.2 Distribution of IoT Applications [19] 25

3.1 Arduino Mega 28

3.2 ESP8266 28

3.3 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module 30

3.4 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor 31

3.5 I2C LCD 32

3.6 Synchronize Time with NTP server 35

3.7 Connection btw ESP & web app using HTTP request 37

4.1 NTP Server accurate Time display on LCD

4.2 NTP Server Synchronize Time on Web Widget

4.3 Prayer Time displayd on I2C LCD

4.4 Prayer Time displayed on Web Widget

4.5 Prayer Time Updated on Web App

4.6 Prayer Time Updated on LCD

4.7 Command send on Web Terminal

4.8 Email alert for Prayer time update

4.9 SMS alert for Prayer time update

4.10 Daily inspirational Quran verse alert

4.11 Circuit Diagram

4.12 Serial Communications between ESP8266and Arduin Mega

4.13 Mobile App Dashboard

4.14 Web Dashboard

4.15 Temperature/ Humidity

4.16 Security Alert through Mobile number and Web App

4.17 Security Alert through Emai

4.18 Circuit Diagram

 List of Tables
3.1 Specifications Comparison: ESP8266vs. Arduino Mega . .

3.2 DHT11 Sensor Specification

3.3 Ultrasonic Sensor Specifications

3.5 I2C LCD Specifications

 Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1
Background
The Mosque is very important in Islam, serving as an essential institution that embraces
various aspects of the Islamic system. Throughout history, Mosques have been built by
every Prophet, proving their significance in reforming society. The Holy Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) set a remarkable example. Muhammad (peace be upon
him) says that “ The most beloved of places to Allah is the Mosque.” (Sahih Muslim)

In another authentic Hadith He (peace be upon him) says that ”Whoever builds a
Mosque for the sake of Allah, seeking His pleasure, Allah will build for him a

house in

Paradise.” (Sahih Bukhari) similarly Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him say that ”The
Mosque is the foundation of the community.” (Ibn Majah). In addition to its religious
functions, the Mosque served as an academic and institution, a community center, and
administrative office, Diplomatic Center, and a center for moral and welfare training.

During the caliphate era, the Mosque continued to play a dynamic role at the state level,
contributing to the strengthening of both the state and society. In the illustrious era of
Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the Mosque took on the role of a political
institution similar to a parliament, a Bait-ul-Maal (state bank), a judiciary akin to a
Supreme Court, an educational institute resembling a university, and the chief executive
office comparable to the present-day presidential house.

It is mentioned in Quran Surah At-Tawbah Ayat 18.

”The Mosques of Allah should only be maintained by those who believe in Allah

and

the Last Day, establish prayer, pay alms-tax, and fear none but Allah.

It is right to hope that they will be among the truly guided.”

 1.2 Smart Mosque and IoT
Smart Mosques play very important role in the Islamic world, using the Internet of Things
(IoT) to improve the efficiency and experience of Mosque visitors. IoT Technology is one
of the new generation technology. Which can be implemented in Smart Mosque for energy
efficiency, and worshipper experience. Some of the potential benefits of smart Mosques
include:

1.2.1 Intelligent Energy Management

In the United States, Duke Energy is a utility company that uses IoT to Monitor the power
lines of the Electricity power system. By using sensors to monitor the vibration and
temperature of the lines [2]. IoT sensors and embedded components should be used to
manage energy consumption, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the system.
These components include Arduino, Rasberry Pi, Motion sensor, Gase sensor, temperature
sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, and smart lights. To implement such a system we need
knowledge of microcontrollers and sensors. We must have a knowledge of Embedded
system development to write code in C, C++, or Python. To develop an Energy
management system all these necessary components and computer programming must be
implemented to achieve the desired goal. Energy management includes Smart Light, Smart
Fan control, and Smart Energy meter to monitor all consumption and DISPLAY this
information. IoT sensors can be used to monitor energy consumption in Mosques. This
information can be used to identify areas where energy can be saved, such as by turning
off lights when rooms are not in use. Similarly, the fan can be controlled by temperature
and a smart switch, or by using a motion sensor.

1.2.2 Water Management

Cape Town has managed to reduce its water consumption by 30% [1]. They use IoT
Technology to reduce the cost of water. They have used smart meters and pressure
sensors to avoid leaks. Similarly in Smart Mosque, the implementation of a water
management system plays a very important role during ablution. Most people do ablution
in Mosque
to prepare themselves for Prayer. So we are implementing a Smart Ablution system to avoid
wastage of water. To do this we can attach Motion sensors, a water valve, and a Smart
Water tank to refill the tank automatically. We can also implement a filtration process for
water wastage. To filter the water used by people during ablution. This cyclic process will
definitely improve the overall efficiency of the Water Management System.

1.2.3 Environmental Monitoring and Maintenance

Environment Monitoring and Maintenance using IOT devices in Smart Mosque can
provide benefits in terms of energy efficiency, safety, and climate control. Measuring
temperature and humidity using sensors and micro-controller and air quality, and can be
monitored to control room conditions and climate change.Environmental sensors can
also detect high humidity levels or poor air quality. Therefore, the system can be
triggering actions like turning on ventilation systems or sending alerts to the Mosque
Staff.

1.2.4 Occupancy and Security Management

IoT devices such as cameras, door/window sensors, and motion detectors can monitor the
Mosque for fire detection, or other emergencies. Notifications can be sent to the
community of the Mosque by smartphone, allowing them to take immediate action or alert
authorities if necessary. We will implement a fire detection system that will automatically
send a message to the fire department. The message will include some information like
alert, fire location, and Longitude and latitude of the particular fire location area. We will
discuss this logic in the ”Experimental Result” section after completely implemented in
practice.

1.2
Motivation
The motivation behind this thesis is to explore the potential of IoT in
revolutionizing Mosques and To learn about the pros and cons of using smart
technology in places of worship. By using smart technology, Mosque can become
more efficient in many ways,
including prayer time management, energy conservation, security, and

facility management. Additionally, IoT-enabled services can provide

worshippers

with valuable information, such as real-time updates on prayer times,

event

schedules, and community events. These advancements can create a more

connected

and technologically enhanced environment within Mosques.

1.2.1 Technology Integration

Digital DISPLAYs can be used to show information about the mosque,

like prayer times, upcoming events, and directions. They can also be used
to share religious content, like verses from the Quran or hadiths. Wi-Fi can
be provided in the mosque so that worshippers can connect to the internet
and access educational resources, like online Quran courses or lectures.
Similarly, Mobile apps can also be used to provide information about the
mosque, like prayer times, upcoming events, and directions. The Smart
Mosque app can be provided features to monitor Mosque conditions, like
temperature, humidity, light status, water level, event, notifications, and
more.

Technology can make it more convenient for worshippers to access

information about the Mosque and participate in religious activities.
Technology can help to improve communication between the Mosque and
its worshippers. This can help to build relationships and create a sense of
community. Technology can help to improve security and safety in the
Mosque. This can help to create a safe and welcoming environment for
worshippers. Technology can help the Mosque to reach a wider audience.
This can help to spread the message of Islam and promote understanding
between different cultures.
 1.2.4 Community Engagement

Smart Mosques can use their websites and online platforms to offer a
variety of educational resources, such as lectures, classes, and even online
courses. This can help Muslims learn more about their faith and connect
with other Muslims from around the world. Smart Mosques can use their
websites and online platforms to offer a variety of educational resources,
such as lectures, classes, and even online courses. This can help Muslims
learn more about their faith and connect with other Muslims from around
the world. Smart Mosques can use their technology to provide social
services to their communities. This is a great way to help those in need and
make a positive impact on the community. The Smart Mosque websites
and apps can be used for donations to make Sadaqah for the sake of
ALLAH.

Here are some feature we can add to Smart Mosque.

Create a mobile app that provides information about the Mosque, its
events,

and its programs and real-time monitoring.

• Use video conferencing to connect with other Mosques and Muslim

communities around the world.

• Host online Quran recitation competitions and other religious

competitions.
Create a virtual library of Islamic books and resources.

• Offer online counseling and support services.

1.2.5 Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Smart Mosques can use technology to reduce their environmental impact.

For example, they can install solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and
water conservation systems. They can also use technology to monitor
energy usage and identify areas where they can save energy. Smart
Mosques can use solar panels to generate electricity from sunlight, which
can help to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. Smart Mosques can use
 energy- efficient light bulbs to save energy and reduce their electricity
usage. They can use IoT Technology to control and monitor the Mosque
appliances.

1.3
Objectives
Technology can help to improve communication between the Mosque and
its worshippers. This can help to build relationships and create a sense of
community. The main objectives of this thesis are as follows:

1. To transform the current state of the Mosque into a Smart Mosque by using
2. IoT Technology.

3. To design and implement an innovative Smart Mosque system using

4. IoT, considering various aspects such as prayer time management,

5. energy conservation, and security and notification management.

6. To evaluate how well the new smart mosque system works and what

7. are its advantages through quantitative and qualitative analysis.

8. To identify the challenges and limitations of implementing IoT in Mosque

9. s and propose recommendations for future enhancements and

improvements.

1.4 United Nation stainable Development Goal

(SDG’s)
1. SDG 4: Quality Education
Smart Mosques are use technology to improve the quality of education and
learning for Muslims. They can provide access to online resources, such
as educational videos and lectures, as well as tools for selfassessment and
collaboration and inspirational from Islam.

2. SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

Smart Mosque are connected to SDG 7 because they use clean and
affordable energy to power their operations. This includes using solar
panels to generate low cost electricity, LED lights to reduce energy
consumption, and water conservation systems to save water. Smart
Mosque also use technology to improve energy efficiency, such as motion
sensors to turn off lights when no one is in the room. By using clean and
affordable energy, smart mosques are helping to achieve SDG 7, which is
to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for
all.

3. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Smart Mosques are connected to SDG 9 because use technology to build
infras- tructure and promote sustainable industrialization. For example,
Smart Mosques can use solar panels to generate electricity, which can help
to reduce their carbon emissions. Similarly smart lighting systems can be
programmed to turn off when no one is in the Mosque, which can help
to save energy.

4. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Smart Mosque are connected to SDG 11 because they can help to make
cities more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. For example, Smart
Mosque can use technology to improve access to water and sanitation,
provide emergency services, and reduce the environmental impact of their
operations.

5. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Smart Mosque reduces consumption of water and electricity. For example,
Smart Lights controlled from sensors and manage water using sensors,
such as monitoring water level, flow, and water recycling through
filteration or other Smart techniques.
6. SDG 13: Climate Action
Smart Mosque is also connected to SDG 13, because we can use Smart
lights and smart devices that can be effectively reduce the environmental
impact. Smart Mosques can use energy-efficient lighting, appliances, and
HVAC systems to reduce their energy consumption. This can help to lower
greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, using smart water management
system can be used to reduce the wast of water which effectively reduce
environment impact.

1.5 Professional Engineering and

Sustainability

1.5.1 PLO6-The Engineer & Society

Our Smart Mosque project places significant emphasis on the responsible

application of engineering principles and sustainability practices. This
aligns with PLO6 - The Engineer and Society, where we consider the
societal, safety, and cultural aspects when deploying smart technologies.
We strive to ensure privacy, inclusivity, and the well- being of worshippers
while adhering to legal regulations and safety standards for a positive
community impact.
1.5.2 PLO7-Environment & Sustainability

Moreover, the project addresses PLO7 - Environment & Sustainability. We

recognize the broader impact of our engineering solutions on society and
the environment. To fulfill this, we work diligently to minimize the
environmental footprint of our smart technologies. By employing energy-
efficient options and waste reduction strategies, we aim to create a greener
and more environmentally - friendly Smart Mosque. Through these efforts,
we hope to inspire the Mosque community to adopt sustainable habits and
contribute to a healthier environment.

Chapter 2
Literature Review
In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology revolutionalize
various aspects of our lives. The way we interact with electrical devices
and access information is transformed into a human-free system. One way
of this transformation is the Internet of Thing, which enable peoples to
control and monitor devices remotely. This technique of IOT, we want to
use in Smart
Mosque. The traditional Mosque will be transformed into a digital Smart
Mosque by using IOT Technology. This Smart Mosque should be included
interaction with the Internet to share Islamic information, use educational
resources, event management, and automatic control of electric appliances,
and develop an Islamic App that will save all Islamic information and
registration of courses. This literature review explores the existing research
on Smart Mosque, Smart Homes, Smart Cities, and Smart Technology.
The aim of this literature survey is to highlight the advantages and
disadvantages of Smart Technology. It also highlights the potential impact
of IoT on Muslims using this technology.

2.1
Internet of Things and Future
of the World
The transformation of Technology from the traditional method to digital is
growing every day. Such as Smart cities, smart homes, pollution control,
energy saving, smart transportation, and smart industries are such
transformations due to IoT. Kumar and Tewari [15] discuss the emerging
economy, health care, and environmental sustainability issue by solving it
with IoT. They claim that IoT can provide emerging public and financial
benefits and development to society and people. Further, they suggested
that IoT developers must focus on environmental impact in order to
overcome negative impact. The use of IoT in US for Home Automation is
another trend that can benefit the homeowner to monitor home devices,
reducing energy costs, and improve security issues. The actual projected
market value of home automation in 2013-2020, the global smart home
automation market is forecasted to reach 21 billion U.S. dollars [8].
According to the IoT Google search in the UK, shown in figure 2.1 the
trend goes from 10-100 in 2010- 2020 respectively. IoT technologies have
the potential to bring significant benefits to society. However, there are
also potential drawbacks and issues that need to be carefully monitored,
such as the rapid consumption of raw materials, the environmental impact
of energy consumption, and the potential for social impacts [19]. The main
purpose of IoT development is to reduce the effect of global warming. This
is a very great challenge in the world to reduce the impact of CO2 and with
the emission of carbon dioxide from Industries, Usable Electric devices,
Mechanical Devices, etc there are also other gases produced that harmful
to the environment. Such as N2O and CH4, the globe can be affected by
these gases. Likewise, Plastic pollution is also one of the global warming
problems [19]. These problems can be solved by taking advantage of IoT.
For example, using IoT base Electric Vehicles (EV) will approximately
reduce greenhouse gases to 14 % in UK [17]. If all vehicles that use non-
renewable sources of energy replace by EVs. The study [13] finds, In
nearly 95% of the world, driving an electric car is more environmentally
beneficial compared to conventional petrol cars.
 Figure 2.1: Google trend Search of IoT in UK

In Smart cities, the IoT can be used to improve the efficiency of urban
infrastructure, such as traffic management, energy usage, and waste
disposal [21]. In industries, the IoT can be used to improve the efficiency
of industrial processes, such as manufacturing and logistics [23]. In Smart
Health Care, the

IoT can be used to monitor patients’ health remotely and provide

personalized care [12] . In Smart Home, the IoT can be used to Smart Cities
Industrial IoT

automate homes and make them more energy efficient [9]. In the
transportation area, the IoT can be used to improve traffic management and
make transportation more efficient [16]. In the environment, the IoT can
be used to monitor environmental conditions, such as air quality and water
pollution [10]. Similarly, for security and privacy, the IoT will generate a
massive amount of data, which will need to be secured and protected from
unauthorized access [11].The biggest challenge in the smart city concept
is the efficient networking and operation of different sensing technologies.
This requires a reliable and secure network infrastructure. It also requires
a workforce that is skilled in the installation, maintenance, and operation
of IoT devices and systems. The smart city concept is not just about using
IoT technologies. It is also about changing the way cities are designed and
managed. Cities need to be more flexible and adaptable in order to
accommodate the changes that IoT technologies will bring. In Figure 2.2,
it is shown that the majority of the Market focus on Smart Cities and IoT
Industries [19]. So it is now clear that in Smart cities everything needs to
be used IoT. Therefore for the Muslim community, Mosque also needs to
be fully operated on the principle of the IoT in Smart city. That should
reduce the cost of energy, consumption of energy and improve the overall
experience of the worshipper.

Mosque Al-Nabawi and Al-Haram

Muslims perform the Hajj every year during the month of Dhul Hijjah. It
is one of the five pillars of Islam and is considered to be a mandatory
religious duty for all Muslims who are physically and financially able to
make the journey. The Hajj is a journey of spiritual and physical
purification, and it is an opportunity for Muslims to come together from
all over the world to worship Allah.

IoT Technology has the potential to reorganize the Hajj and Umrah.
IoT can enable to the management of transportation from different
countries to Makkah, It can control and manage the crowd [6] and their
food, and water distribution. Shambour and Gutub study that [20], Smart
2.2 portable screen devices are being used to help
pilgrims and Umrah performers find their way
around the holy cities. The devices use NFC technology to track the user’s
location and provide them with directions. However, the gap in existing
research is that NFC technology uses radio waves to communicate between
the device and a reader, which allows the device to track the user’s location
even if they are not connected to the internet. In conclusion, smart portable
screen devices are a valuable tool for pilgrims and Umrah performers who
want to find their way around the holy cities easily and efficiently.

2.3 Energy Efficient Mosque

2.3.1 Smart Lights

Smart lights also play a very important role in the development of IoT
technology. It can reduce energy consumption and very important concept
for global warming control. The world needs Smart lights in all places
where light needs, such as in Mosque rooms, in streets, and in classrooms.
Mantalbo [18] build such a model, in which he used Bluetooth, relay
switch, and App. During class time the light will turn on, it may also be
controllable from a manual App switch. Thus we can implement this idea
in Mosque for prayer time. We have done this by connecting ESP8266with
wifi and establishing connectivity between ESP8266and NTP server to
update the current time in the current location. It will synchronize the real-
time internet clock with ESP8266using the

”pool.ntp.org” address this address can be used to request every second to

update time [22]. This time can be used to synchronize prayer time and
display it on LCD . Further, it can be used to turn on the light when prayer
time is equal to the current time or just 5 minutes before.

The review [14] discusses the implementation of an intelligent lighting

system using the WiFi module. The system utilizes various modules such
as a clock module, lighting module, human body infrared sensor module,
and communication network. The software design involves
communication between these modules to perform system tasks. The
module enables wireless communication for networking purposes.

2.4
Limited Water Consumption
In Islam, Muslims perform prayer five times daily and, as part of this
practice, they must perform ablution [25], which is a ritual washing of the
face, hands, arms, feet, and head. While performing ablution, Muslims are
instructed to use only a small amount of water, as excessive water use is
considered wasteful [?]. This emphasis on limited water consumption is
rooted in the Islamic belief that water is a precious resource that should be
used wisely. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, states: ”And waste not by
excess, for Allah loves not the wasters.” (Quran 7:31)
Smart water management systems can be used in buildings that do not
have a constant water supply. The system [7] uses sensors to monitor water
levels and quality, and can send alerts if there are any problems. The
system has been shown to be effective in Saudi Arabia, and could be used
in other countries with similar water challenges.

2.5
Prayer Time Management
Prayer time management is a challenging task in Smart Mosque. For this
task, we need one ESP8266board to connect to wifi and take the current
location and time from the NTP server, once the time is updated on
DISPLAY, then we can use it for prayer time management purposes [22].
We will use the Islamabad prayer time map [3]. The time can be saved in
a C++ array. The array further uses to display five prayer times on LCD.
We can use another audio player module to play audio Adhan when prayer
time is reached. This is not permissible in Islam to play Adahn in the Audio
file because Muslims announced Adhan for the sake of Allah. However, if
the muezzin is not present after some time it may be permissible to play an
audio file in a loudspeaker to announce a call for prayer.

2.6
Security and Real-time alert
The security issue is also an important aspect of Smart Mosque. Security
needs to detect real-time alerts. As Emergency alert system should be
implemented to send alerts to Mosque Community in case of fire detection.
Also, an alert message can be sent to the fire department [4]. In addition to
security measures, a Smart Mosque can also use realtime alert systems to
keep people informed of important events. For example, an alert system
can be used to notify people when the next prayer time is approaching, or
when there is a change in the schedule. This can help to ensure that people
are able to pray on time and that they are aware of any important
announcements [5].

Chapter 3

Methodology

3.1
System Architecture &
Hardware Components
In system Architecture, all hardware and software components have been
selected for Smart Mosque. These include Arduino Mega,
ESP8266module, and the development of software for real-time
monitoring. The Arduino mega is the central component of the Smart
Mosque that can control the Mosque Load devices such as Air
conditioning, Fans, Lights, Motors, etc, and can measure sensor data.
While ESP8266is the communication device that will send real-time data
to the mobile app. It can be established connectivity between different
servers such as NTP, HTTP, mock API Server, etc. Moreover, DISPLAY,
sensors, and load devices can be used to interact with each other.

3.1.1 ESP8266 ESP8266and Arduino Mega

The Arduino Mega is a versatile microcontroller board that offers a wide

range of features and capabilities. Powered by the ATmega2560
microcontroller, it operates at a relatively slower clock speed compared to
the MODULE. However, the Mega offers a much larger amount of
memory and input/output pins, making it suitable for more complex
projects that require a lot of processing power and connectivity. It is often
utilized in projects involving large amounts of data, complex sensors, and
multiple actuators. The Arduino Mega can be programmed using the
Arduino programming language, which is based on C/C++.

On the other hand, the MODULE is a microcontroller board that stands

out due to its built-in Wi-Fi capabilities. Powered by the MODULE
microcontroller, it operates at a faster clock speed compared to the Arduino
Mega. The MODULE provides a smaller amount of memory and
input/output pins, but it is well-suited for more complex projects that
require wireless communication. It is often utilized in projects involving
internet connectivity and the creation of IoT devices. The MODULE can
be programmed using either the Arduino programming language or the
native MODULE programming language.
 ESP8266

ARDUINO UNO

I am utilizing both the Arduino Mega and MODULE development

boards. The Arduino Mega is a powerful microcontroller board that can be
used to control a variety of devices. It has 54 digital input/output pins, 16
analog input pins, and a 16 MHz clock speed. The MODULE is a WiFi-
enabled microcontroller board that can be used to connect to the internet.
It has 10 GPIO pins, 32 KB of RAM, and 4 MB of flash memory. The
Arduino Mega serves as the central component of the Smart Mosque that
will read sensor data, and process, and handle the data. The data will
further use to transmit to MODULE. The Esp module will send those data
to the server for real-time monitoring. We use Arduino Mega to control
loads such as lights, Fans, Air conditioners, Motors, and Water valves. We
use an 8-channel relay that should be connected to Arduino Mega and load
appliances of the Smart Mosque. The sensors used in the Smart Mosque
include ultrasonic sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors.

Table 3.1: Specifications Comparison: ESP8266vs. Arduino Mega

Specification ESP8266Arduino Mega

Microcontrol ATmega25
ler 60
MODU
LE
 Operating 5V-12V
Voltage
3.3V
Digital I/O 54
Pins
11
Analog 16
Input Pins 1
(ADC)
UART 1 1
SPI 1 1
I2C 1 1
Flash 256KB
Memory
4MB
SRAM 8KB
80KB
Clock Speed 80MHz 16MHz
WiFi Connectivity Yes No
Operating System ESP8266firmware N/A

3.1.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

The DHT11 is a basic digital temperature and humidity sensor that operates
using a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor for temperature
measurement. It works by periodically sampling the surrounding air and
converting the analog data into digital signals. The humidity measurement
is obtained by measuring the capacitance changes caused by water vapor
absorption and desorption in the sensor. The temperature mea- surement is
achieved by measuring the resistance of the thermistor, which varies with
temperature. The sensor communicates with a microcontroller through a
singlewire digital interface, providing accurate temperature and humidity
readings for various ap- plications

The formula to calculate relative humidity (RH) as a percentage is given

by:

ρ w×
100% RH =
 ρs

In this formula, ρw represents the density or partial pressure of water

vapor present in the air, and ρs represents the density or saturation pressure
of water vapor at a specific temperature.

Figure 3.3: DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module

The DHT11 sensor has a precise calibration, and its calibration

coefficient is not accessible or programmable. The temperature
measurement has an error range of ap- proximately +/- 2°C, and the
humidity measurement has an error range of approximately

+/- 5% RH. The communication between the sensor and the Arduino Mega
is established through a 1-line bus. The data transmitted by the DHT11
sensor to the Arduino consists of 40 bits, including 16 bits for relative
humidity, 16 bits for temperature, and 8 bits for the checksum value.

To connect the DHT11 sensor to the Arduino Mega, we need to use

a pullup resistor between the Vcc (power supply) and the output pin of the
sensor. A resistor value between 4.7K and 10K is recommended for this
purpose. This resistor ensures proper signal communication between the
sensor and the Arduino Mega.

3.1.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used to measure distances and detect the
presence of objects. It has a transmitter and receiver which are commonly
called Chrip and Echo respectively. The Chrip emit high-frequency sound
wave and when it hit the object then it bounces back to echo. We will use
this sensor for the level measurement of the water tank. When the water
level becomes low or the tank become empty then the water pump will get
start to refill the tank. The complete specifications of the HC-SR04 module
are shown in Table 3.4.

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor works by emitting a high-frequency

sound wave (40 kHz) and then measuring the time it takes for the sound
wave to bounce back from an object. The distance to the object is then
calculated using the following formula:

distance = (speed of sound * time) / 2

Figure 3.5: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor

Table 3.4: Ultrasonic Sensor Specifications

Specificatio Descriptio
n n
Model HC-SR04
Operating 5V DC
Voltage
Operating 40 kHz
Frequency
Measuring 2 cm - 400
Range cm
Resolution 1 cm
Accuracy ± 0.5% of
the
measured
distance
Beam Angle 30 degrees
 Trigger 10 µs TTL
Signal pulse
Echo Signal Output
proportiona
l to
distance
Output Digital
Format (High/Low)
or Analog
(Voltage)
Interface GPIO, I2C,
UART
Operating -10°C to
Temperature 60°C
Dimensions 20 mm x 16
mm x 12
mm
Weight 3 grams

Additional Temperature
Features compensation,
Filtering
options

3.2
I2C LCD
 The circuit schematic shows how to use the I2C (InterIntegrated Circuit)
communicati on protocol to integrate an Arduino Uno microcontroller
with an LCD display. The primary control unit, the Arduino Uno,
coordinates communication between vario us parts.
With the help of an I2C interface, which just needs two wires (SDA and
SCL) to trans mit data, the LCD display and Arduino Uno are connected.
This streamlined connection technique makes it easier to integrate the LCD
display int o the system and requires fewer pins on the Arduino.
The Arduino may now send data to the LCD display in this configuration,
enabling the visualisation of data like sensor readings, system status, or
personalised messages. Effective and dependable communication
between the Arduino and the LCD is made p ossible by the I2C protocol.
• High contrast ratio

• Wide viewing angle

• Long lifespan

The DISPLAY1306 DISPLAY module finds applications in various

fields, including:

• Consumer electronics

• Industrial automation

• Medical devices

• Wearable devices
 3.3
Software Components
We used a web-based application called Web IoT to monitor the
temperature, humidity, water tank level, Light status, and events in a
Mosque. This application can be used to remotely check the conditions in
the Mosque and make sure that everything is running smoothly. For
example, if the prayer time gets updated then it will push a notification to
the Mosque user and community. In the future, we plan to convert the
application into a standalone app that can be used by anyone who visits the
Mosque. This way, everyone will be able to see the current conditions in
the Mosque and stay informed about any important events.

Here are some common features and functionalities that can be found
in a Smart Mosque app:

1. Prayer Times: The app provides accurate and up-to-date prayer times
based on the user input update time. It includes the timing for Fajr, Dhuhr,
Asr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers, along with reminders and notifications to
help users stay updated with their prayer schedules.

2. Mosque Locator: The app includes a Mosque locator feature that enables
users to find the Mosque location.
3. events, sermons, lectures, and community gatherings taking place in the
Mosque. It allows the Mosque administration to share announcements and
important infor- mation with the community in a timely manner.

4. Educational Resources: The app may provide access to a collection of

Islamic ed- ucational resources, such as Quranic verses, Hadiths (sayings
of Prophet Muham- mad, peace be upon him), and other Islamic literature.
It may also offer audio lectures, videos, and articles on various topics
related to Islam.

5. Daily Reminders: The app can send push notifications and reminders for
prayer time, events, daily inspirational Quranic Ayat, Daily Hadith, and
security notifi- cations.
 3.3.1 NTP Server

NTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is a protocol that allows devices
to synchronize their clocks over a network. NTP servers are devices that
provide a reliable time reference for other devices on the network. To use
an NTP server for IoT, we would first need to identify a reliable NTP
server that is available on our network. Once we identified an NTP server,
we would need to configure our IoT device to synchronize its clock with
the NTP server. This can be done by setting the NTP server’s IP address
or hostname in the device’s configuration settings.

We will use this server for the following purposes.

1. Timestamping data: NTP can be used to timestamp data collected by IoT

devices. We will use it in Smart Mosque for tracking the time, displaying
the exact time on IoT devices, for event management, and taking action on
time.
2. Scheduling tasks: NTP can be used to schedule tasks on IoT devices. We
will use it for tasks that need to be executed at specific times, such as
turning on lights or sending alerts. The flow diagram for the NTP server
connection is shown in Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.9: Synchronize Time with NTP server
3.3.2 HTTP Request and Response

HTTP requests and responses are the two types of messages that are used
to communicate between two devices. In our case, we use ESP and Web
app Server to connect these two devices. ESP is a microcontroller that can
be used to control physical devices, while Web app Server is a cloud-based
platform that can be used to send and receive text messages.

When ESP receives an HTTP request from Web app Server, it will
perform the action that is specified in the request. For example, if the
request is to send a text message, ESP will send the text message to the
specified recipient. Once ESP has completed the action, it will send an
HTTP response back to Web app Server. The response will contain
information about the status of the action, such as whether or not the text
message was successfully sent.
 HTTP request and response messages are a powerful way to connect
two devices. They are used by a wide variety of applications, including
web browsers, mobile apps, and IoT devices. By using HTTP request and
response messages, we can easily connect ESP and Web app Server to
create a system that can send and receive text messages.

3.3.3 API Server

The circuit design shows how to couple an Arduino Uno other module to
enable web application communication to an API. microcontroller with a
Bluetooth.The Arduino Uno, which serves as the brains of the system, talks
to the ESP8266to create a wireless connection to other networks or
devices.
The web application and Arduino can communicate data using the API,
allowing for e asy integration and interaction.
With this setup, the Arduino may retrieve or send data to the web
application, allowing for real-time automation, control, and monitoring
of linked sensors or devices. Through this configuration, the system's
overall functionality is improved and efficient data interchange is made
possible by bridging the gap between digital platforms and p hysical
components.

Figure 3.10: Connection btw ESP & Web app using HTTP request

Chapter 4
 System Design and Implementation
In the first section of the system design and implementation, we will
explain how the MODULE device connects with the NTP server to
accurately determine the current time based on the country. This
information is crucial for managing important events and notifications in
the Smart Mosque system. The system can display prayer times on an LCD
screen and a Web app, send SMS alerts, and even share Quran verses with
Mosque users. Additionally, the system allows event notifications to be
sent to Mosque community members. Furthermore, the system can play
Adhan automatically when the Adhan time approaches. This feature can
be enabled and disabled through Web.

Moving on to the second section, we will explore how sensors interact

with the MODULE and Arduino to collect data and monitor various
aspects. The sensor data can be sent to the Web app, enabling users to view
and take necessary actions when required. Moreover, this section will
elaborate on controlling lights and other devices through the mobile app,
providing convenient access and control to the users. There are many
different types of sensors that can be used with the MODULE and Arduino,
such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors, and motion
sensors. The sensor data can be collected at regular intervals or in response
to specific events. The data can be stored locally on the MODULE or
Arduino, or it can be sent to a remote server.

4.1 Time Management and Event

Notifications

4.1.1 DISPLAY Time

Unit of the system to connect with WiFi. After establishing a connection

with Wifi, the MODULE then established a connection with the NTP
server to update the time every second. The ESP will display time on LCD
and it will also send time string to the Web app. The Web App will accept
the time string using API endpoints. Then the time will be displayed on the
Web displayed widget. This time will be displayed on LCD every 5 sec.
We have used very Small DISPLAY in our System design. The resolution
of LCD is 12*8 pixels. So due to the limitation of the rows and columns,
we use to display time for five sec and then display prayer time for five
seconds.

Figure 4.2: Server Synchronize Time on Web Widget

4.1.2 DISPLAY Prayer Time

The prayer time is stored in different variables. These five prayer times are
displayed on LCD and Web widget. These can be changed from the Web
terminal. The Web terminal. I have set different commands for changing
prayer time. For example, if I want to change the fajr time in the Web
terminal then I can send a command ”fajr 3:45

AM” to ESP. The ESP will extract the Fajr time from the String and then
the ESP will change the previous value of the String with the new value.

When I send a command from the Web app to change the prayer time
then the prayer time will get updated in the Web widget.
4.1.3 SMS and Email notification for Update Time

The same algorithm we have applied. When the user sends a command to
change the prayer time then the Mosque members or those who registered
in the Smart Mosque community will get an update with the new prayer
time. These notification alerts will be sent through SIM card using web
app and also it will be sent to the Email of the user. The App will also get
notified of new prayer times.

SMS alerts also include Quran verses for inspiration. We will discuss this
in the upcoming section

4.1.4 Daily Quran Verses

We have stored Quran verses in an array. The inspirational verses will be

sent to the Mosque user daily at 9:30 PM or 9:30 AM. We can change this
time from the Web terminal. For example, to change the time to 10:30 AM
for daily Quran verses to send to the Mosque user, we would send the
command change 10:30 AM to the Web terminal. If the string contains the
word change, it will replace the previous time value with the new time
value by extracting 10:30 AM from the command string. The server will
then update its records and send Quran verses at the new time value to the
Mosque user. The Mosque user will then receive Quran verses at the new
time value and update their settings accordingly. This process can be
repeated as needed to change the time for sending the Quran verses.
\

figure :-
Screenshot
from the app

4.2 Sensor Data Collection and

Device Control in Smart Mosque System

In this section, we will discuss how the sensor collects data to monitor on
Web App. Then we will discuss how Mosque fans, lights, and other
devices are controllable through mobile Apps and PIR motion sensors. We
use sensor data to take action when it needs. For example, the water tank
level can be measured through the ultrasonic sensor..

4.2.1 Serial Transmitter and Receiver

In the designed system the Arduino Mega is used as the transmitter and the
ESP8266act as a receiver. The transmitter development board transmits
sensor data to the receiver development board. The receiver ESP8266is
connected to WiFi and Web App cloud to transmit sensor data to Web IoT
cloud for remote Monitoring.

ESP8266. The only difference between these

two boards is the design. ESP8266design is the same as Arduino Uno. I

have connected the ESP8266with Arduino Mega. The Connection
Diagram between Arduino Mega and ESP8266is shown in Figure 4.13.

Figure 4.13: Serial and Arduin Mega

4.2.2 Mobile App and Web dashboard interface

The web app we use in Smart Mosque to monitor temperature and

humidity. This app provides us good services that can be used for every
type of project. However, this app also has some limitations to implement
in Smart Mosque. We will develop Smart

Mosque’s own app in future work. We included necessary libraries for

ESP8266to connect with WiFi and web App. This data is DISPLAYed on
the Web app. Some libraries are included in the code for sending alert
messages to SIM cards, Email, and Web app notification panels. Total of
eight switch widget has been created in the Web app to control Mosque
lights, Fan, motors, and valve.

The Web app can also monitor the previous data measured by sensors.
This data can be analyzed hourly, weekly, and even yearly. In Figure 4.16
the temperature and humidity, flame, and gas leakage data are measured in
the Web app widget.
4.2.3 Circuit Diagram

An Arduino Uno microcontroller device is shown as the central processing unit

(CPU) of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart mosque automation system in
the circuit schematic. Numerous parts, each essential to the operation of the
system, are attached to the Arduino Uno. The system includes:
An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor to help track the amount of ambient
light in the mosque. a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor, which senses motion and
human presence. A heat sensor, which makes temperature monitoring easier and
guarantees the mosque's ideal level of comfort. Fans are connected to the Arduino
Uno via suitable drivers or relays to control airflow and uphold a comfortable
climate. LEDs, or lightemitting diodes, are used as visual cues to indicate various
system statuses or circumstances. A module for Bluetooth, included into the
configuration, allowing wireless connectivity through a specific web application to
provide remote monitoring and control.This integrated system provides an
advanced method of mosque automation, enabling smooth management over many
components of the mosque's infrastructure and realtime monitoring of
environmental data.The system uses Internet of Things (IoT) techn ology to
improve comfort, convenience, and efficiency while maintaining a worshipful
atmosphere.
 Figure 4.19: Circuit Diagram

Chapter 5
Discussion and Conclusion

5.1
Discussion
The system uses sensors and devices to monitor the environment in a mosque.. The
web app makes it easy for Mosque user’s to see the sensor data and control the
devices remotely. This means that they can take action quickly if there is a problem.
The system has the potential to make Mosque safer and more convenient for
everyone. It can also help to save energy and money. It can detect in real time, It
can help to save energy by automatically turning off lights and other devices when
they are not in use. It can make mosques more convenient by allowing people to
control the environment remotely, such as adjusting the temperature or turning on
the lights.

The integration of the Mega proved very effecient data trans- mission. The Mega
module, acting as the central controller, handles the sensor readings and device
control, ensuring reliable data collection and automation. This combination allows
for remote monitoring and control, enabling the Mosque management to access real-
time data and receive alerts even when users are not physically present there.

5.3 Conclusion
In conclusion, the implemented IoT technology is used to monitor Mosque
environment and

control appliances using the Mega, along with the IoT

platform. By integrating various sensors, actuators and devices, the system provides
real-
time data on temperature, humidity, water level, gas levels, and flame status,
allowing monitoring and control.

While the implemented system finds IoT-based solutions in a Mosque

environment, further improvements can be made to enhance its functionality and
scalability. For instance, additional sensors or devices can be integrated to monitor
air quality, occupancy levels, or energy consumption. Moreover, the system can be
expanded to include advanced features such as machine learning algorithms for
predictive maintenance or energy optimization. Furthermore, development of Smart
Mosque own App will be implement to improve the user experience and improve
the system quality.

5.1
Future Work
We designed and developed IoT based Smart Mosque using Arduino Mega While
the system has some limitation includes that the existing system need improvement
to add new features to App. We also connect the jammer for security piurpose and
also the solar system to consume less energy. While we have used web app so in the
future work we need to developed separate App for Smart Mosque to use only in
Smart Mosque. New designed app can be include event management, Quran
recitation.. In the hardware part the system need to improve the monitoring
efficiency by using high quality sensors and actuators. So these are some limitation
to implement in future.
68
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