Vectors

head

tail
 B
AB

A
What are the Physical Ǫuantities?
 Do you remember,
what are the following quantities called?

Pressure Length

Height Temperature

Mass Time

These all are measurable quantities

Classification of Physical Ǫuantity

Scalars Vectors
Scalar Quantity
A quantity that has only magnitude and NO direction

➔ Length
➔ Volume
➔ Mass
➔ Temperature
➔ Time
➔ Work
➔ Energy
Vector Quantity
These quantities have both Magnitude & Direction.

➔ Velocity
➔ Force
➔ Displacement
➔ Acceleration

A vector quantity obeys vector laws of addition

Total Mass ?

A. 5 kg
B. 3 kg
C. 4 kg
D. 7 kg
4 kg

3 kg
Total Inflow ?

A. 7 litres/sec
B. 4 litres/sec
C. 3 litres/sec
D. 5 litres/sec 4l /s
3l /s
Total Current I coming out ?

A. 10 A
B. 5A
C. 25 A
D. 7A
Net Force on Body ?

A. 10 N
B. 5N
C. 11 N
D. ZERO

5N 5N
Net Force on Body ?

A. 10 N
B. 5N
C. 11 N
D. ZERO

5N 5N
Net Force on Body ?

A. 1N
B. 7N
C. 5N
D. ZERO

3N 4N
 2N
Net Force on Body ?

A. 1N
B. 7N
C. 5N
D. ZERO

3N 4N

2N
Net Force on Body ?
A. 10 N
B. ZERO
C. Cannot be determined
D. None of these 5N

5 N
Let’s calculate the Resultant and Direction

5N

5N
5N
Magnitude of Resultant Force?

A. 5N
B. √21N
C. √29N
D. √31N
Magnitude of Resultant Force?

A. 5N
B. √21N
C. √29N
D. √31N
 Magnitude of Resultant Force?
A. 5N
B. 7N
tan 37 0 = 3 / 4 C. 9N
D. 11N
 Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition
If 2 vectors of same type acting simultaneously at a point are represented in magnitude
& direction along 2 adjacent sides of a parallelogram then their resultant vector is
represented in magnitude & direction by the diagonal drawn from the same point.

Ǫ R

P
If the magnitude of resultant of 2 vectors of equal magnitudes is
equal to the magnitude of either vectors, then find the
angle b / w the 2 vectors.

A.
B.
C.
D.
 Find magnitude of resultant force of the 2 vectors.

F
60 0

2F
 VECTORS in 3D
𝖠𝖠𝖠
 Along +ve direction Along – v e direction
i represents unit vector along x axis
j represents unit vector along y axis
k represents unit vector along z axis
Magnitude of a Vector
How are two 3D vectors added?
 Addition of 2 vectors resolved along 3 Dimensions

Y
^
j ^
-k

^ ^
-i i
X

^
k ^
-j
Z
How to Multiply Vectors?
DOT Product
Introduction to scalar product or DOT product

θ
P. Q Q
= PQ cosθ
θ is the angle between the vectors,
denotes the dot product

Scalar product of t w o vectors is defined as product of magnitude of t w o

vectors and cosine of the angle between the t w o vectors
 a . b = ab cos θ

cos θ = a . b
ab

=0 ⇒ θ = 90°
a . b

a . b >0 ⇒ θ = Acute

a . b <0 ⇒ θ = Obtuse
 ^ ^ ^
A = Ax i + Ay j + Az k
4) If
B= Bx^i + B ^j + B ^k
y z

A . B = A x B x + A y By + A z Bz
A. 15 J
B. 25 J
C. 35 J
D. 45 J
What is Vector Product / Cross Product?
Area of ||gm - Cross Product

θ a
A.

B.

C.

D.
An expression for cross product of two vectors

^i ^j ^k
= ^i + j^+ k^
A ×B = Ax Ay Az
B = B ^i + B ^j + B ^k
x y z
Bx By Bz

Proof
An expression for cross product of t w o vectors

Proof
How to calculate cross product for t w o 3D vectors?
A. 34i + 27j + 24k
B. 33i + 27j + 23k
C. 33i + 27j + 13k
D. 23i + 28j + 23k
Solution
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two vectors A & B are acting in the same plane & the vector C is
perpendicular to the plane. The resultant of these vectors
A. May be zero
B. Cannot be zero
C. Lies between A & B
D. Lies between A & -B
Forces of 1 & 2 unit are acting along x = 0, y = 0 respectively. The
equation of the resultant line is

A. y - 2x = 0
B. 2y - x = 0
C. y+x=0
D. y- x=0
A force of 5N acts on a particle along a direction making an angle of
60 0 with vertical. It’s vertical component be

A. 10N 60 0 5N
B. 3N
C. 4N
D. 2.5N
 ➝ ➝

ፀ |Δ➝a|
A. 0
B. a dፀ
C. a
D. 2a d ፀ
Unit Vector parallel to the Resultant Vector of will be
 The 3 vectors
➝

A = 3î - 2ĵ +1k
➝
B = 1î - 3ĵ + 5k
➝
C = 2î + 1ĵ - 4 ̂ form
A. An Equilateral triangle
B. Isosceles triangle
C. A right angled triangle
D. No triangle
k̂
 P

➝ ➝ R
a c
O Ǫ
➝
b
The angle between the vectors (î + ĵ) & (ĵ + ̂ ) is

k̂
The projection of a vector➝r = 3î + ĵ + 2k ̂ , on the x-y plane has magnitude

A. 3
B. 4
C. √14
D. √10
Force acting on a particle (2î + 3ĵ) N. work done by this force is zero,
when the particle is moved on the line 3y + kx = 5 Here value of k is
(Work done ➝W➝= F.d)

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
 Which of the following is the unit vector perpendicular to and ?

A.

B.

C.

D.
Equation of line BA is x + y = 1. Find a unit vector along the reflected ray
AC.
Y
A.
B
C
B.

C.
D.
O A X
Let a, c be the three unit vectors, such that ➝
➝ ➝b, ➝ a +➝b + ➝
c is also a unit vector.
If pairwise angles between
➝➝ b, c are θ1, θ2 & θ3 respectively.
a, ➝

cosθ1 + cosθ2+ cosθ3= ?

A. 3
B. - 3
C. 1
D. -1
2 balls are moving on the same smooth horizontal plane. Their velocity
components along one edge of the square plane are 10√3 m/s & 20 m/s
respectively. Their velocity components along a perpendicular edge are
30 m/s & 20 m/s. Find the angle between their directions of motion

A. 100
B. 150
C. 30 0
D. 45 0
 If the position vector of the vertices of a triangle are î - ĵ + 2k ̂ ;
2î + ĵ + ̂ and 3î - ĵ + 2k̂ , then find the area of the triangle.

A. 3
B. √3
C. 6
D. √5
k̂
Forces proportional to AB, BC & 2CA act along the sides of triangle ABC
in order. Their resultant represented in magnitude and direction as

A. CA
B. AC
C. BC
D. CB
A. 30 0
B. 45 0
C. 60 0
D. 90 0