All For Health Health For All WHO 1717264537

All for Health,
Health for All

Investment case 2025--2028

All for Health,

Health for All
Investment case 2025--2028
All for Health, Health for All - Investment case 2025--2028
All for Health, Health for All: investment case 2025-2028
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Design and layout by blossom.it

Contents 3
Contents
Foreword from the Director-General 4
Acknowledgements5
Abbreviations6
Summary8
1. What WHO will deliver in 2025-2028 14
1.1. Promote good health and well-being 17
1.2. Provide health services where they are needed most 21
1.3. Protect the world from health emergencies 26
2. Transforming for impact 30

2.1 Leading by example 33
2.2. Science and data for impact 36
2.3. Strengthening country offices to increase impact 39
3. Invest in WHO for a safer and healthier world 40
4. Together creating value for all 44
References46
Annex Voluntary contributions to base segment, revenue47

4 All for Health, Health for All - Investment case 2025--2028
Foreword from the

Director-General
When the Constitution of the World Health threatens the very habitability of our planet
Organization (WHO) came into force in 1948, on which all life depends. In addition, conflict,
average life expectancy globally was 46 years. insecurity and displacement abound, while the
Smallpox still struck at least 10 million people disturbing trend of attacks on health care workers
every year, while polio, measles, malaria, and facilities has escalated alarmingly.
meningitis and other deadly diseases killed
millions of children around the world, unchecked The 14th General Programme of Work (GPW14)
Dr Tedros Adhanom by vaccines. Unnumbered women and children has been built to support Member States to
Ghebreyesus died from complications of childbirth. The risks address these challenges, and this investment
Director-General of tobacco use were unknown; WHO staff even case lays out the resources needed to implement
World Health smoked in their offices. GPW14. It builds on the significant improvements
Organization that have already been made as part of WHO’s
Seventy-six years later, average life expectancy transformation to make our financing more
has climbed to 71.4 years, with the biggest gains predictable, flexible and sustainable.
in the poorest countries. Smallpox no longer
exists, and polio will soon join it. Vaccines can Investments in WHO delivers a healthy return of
now prevent more than 30 deadly diseases, US$ 35 for every US$ 1 invested, in terms of the
and the list keeps growing. Forty-two countries economic benefits of improving health outcomes
have eliminated malaria, and the human by scaling up interventions based on WHO’s
immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis trusted guidance and support.
epidemics have been pushed back. In the past 20
years alone, smoking prevalence and maternal The global health architecture is far more
mortality have both fallen by one third, while complex today, with considerably more
child mortality has more than halved. capability, than it was in 1948. Nevertheless, WHO
remains a unique organization, with a unique
Despite these gains, health is arguably under mandate, unique legitimacy, a unique global
more threat now than at any time since WHO’s footprint and unique expertise. It is often said
founding. Our world is riven by severe inequities that if WHO did not exist, it would need to be
and inequalities in health, which were amplified created, and in the current geopolitical climate, it
by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. is far from certain it could be.
More than half the world’s population is not fully
covered by one or more essential health services, A strong and sustainably financed WHO is
and 2 billion people face financial hardship due therefore essential for the world to meet the
to out-of-pocket health spending. multiple threats to health it faces. We deeply
appreciate the generous support of Member
The consequences are profound: the number States and other donors who have invested in
of children who have not received a single WHO throughout its history, especially in recent
vaccine dose is climbing for the first time in years. We seek their continuing commitment
modern history; noncommunicable diseases are to realize our timeless founding vision for the
now the leading cause of premature mortality, highest attainable standard of health for all
especially in lower-income countries; mental people, as a fundamental right.
health disorders are far better understood, and
yet far more prevalent than anyone imagined;
antimicrobial resistance threatens to unwind a
century of medical progress; and climate change
Acknowledgements 5
Acknowledgements
WHO gratefully acknowledges the contributions all its Member States through fully flexible assessed
contributions which have funded this report. The report is the product of an iterative development
process with Member States and partners. We acknowledge the valuable contributions of experts
in disease modelling both within the WHO Secretariat and from modelling consortia and leading
academic experts including members of the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health. Funding was
received from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to support additional modelling required for the
complete estimate of lives saved.
Abbreviations
Africa CDC Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
ADB Asian Development Bank
AFDB African Development Bank
AMR Antimicrobial resistance
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum
APPFGH Asia Pacific Parliamentarians Forum on Global Health
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ATACH Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health
AUC African Union Commission
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EUL Emergency Use Listing
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
FCV Fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings
GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation
GPW 13 13th General Programme of work
GPW 14 14th General Programme of work
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abbreviations 7
IHR International Health Regulations
IP Intellectual property
MS Member State
NCD Noncommunicable diseases
NTD Neglected tropical diseases
PHC Primary health care
PQ Prequalification
R&D Research and development
SADC Southern African Development Community
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
STIs Sexually transmitted infections
TB Tuberculosis
UHC Universal Health Coverage
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene
WHO World Health Organization

Summary
Summary 9
Over the past 5 years, the Secretariat of the World and partners across the wide domain of health
Health Organization (WHO) has helped countries will have saved at least 40 million lives. Through
to apply the latest science and health practice WHO’s work, tangible results will be achieved to
with measurable results: 1.2 billion people promote, provide and protect health, for example
are living healthier lives through reduced risks by improving access to insulin and basic health
and healthier environments; nearly 430 million care for diabetes, creating 10 000 climate- and
more people are covered by essential health shock-resilient health facilities, training 3.2
services without financial hardship; and 600 million more health workers and detecting
million people are better protected from health threats through analysis of more than 9 million
emergencies. These results are achieved with an pieces of surveillance information monthly.
annual budget of US$ 2.75 billion – or less than
US$ 0.35 per person. At the organizational level, the most
comprehensive transformation exercise in
But the journey towards achieving the health- WHO’s history has renewed the Organization’s
related Sustainable Development Goals by capacity to focus on science, data and results,
2030 is far from over. With challenges such and provide more efficient and tailored support
as climate change, shifting demographics to countries. The role of the Chief Scientist
and epidemiology, and the constant threat of has been established, data divisions have
outbreaks and conflicts, bold, comprehensive been unified and global business functions
solutions are needed now more than ever. streamlined to deliver more efficiency. Country
offices have more resources and delegated
With its participatory governance structure authority, together with strengthened
including all 194 Member States, shared accountability and more effective reporting.
priorities, and active partnerships with health
coalitions and civil society, WHO is central to But to deliver on this strategy, WHO needs to be
creating a healthier future for all. Only WHO predictably and sustainably financed. The total
possesses the reach and legitimacy to set and budget need for the 4-year GPW14 is US$ 11.1
implement evidence-based global standards for billion. Member States have set a path to increase
health; WHO plays a leading role in mobilizing assessed contributions that will cover US$ 4
equitable access to life-saving technologies, billion of this budget. This leaves a WHO funding
fortifying health systems worldwide; and only gap of US$ 7.1 billion, which needs to be filled
WHO has the coordinating role for global early- through voluntary contributions.
warning systems to detect outbreaks. WHO’s
new strategy for 2025–2028, the 14th General Investment in WHO is an investment in humanity,
Programme of Work (GPW14), is a co-creation of an investment that makes the world a healthier,
all Member States and partners facilitated by the fairer and safer place.
WHO Secretariat that will accelerate progress in
health and well-being for everyone, everywhere. It is an investment that moves us all closer to the
vision of health for all.
By 2028 through the GPW14, WHO will have
realized further major health gains: the combined But to turn this vision into reality, we need
efforts of WHO together with Member States your support.
All for Health,

Health for All
10 All/ Atul
Visitors to a market in Binta village, India, undergo tests, including for malaria and dengue. © WHO for Health, Health
Loke / Panos for All - Investment case 2025--2028
Pictures
Working with Member States and partners,

WHO will contribute to saving at least
40 million
additional lives from actions taken
between 2025 and 2028
Summary 11
Through its role in health stewardship, development of public health goods and in-country technical support,
WHO will support Member States to accelerate towards the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals
Climate
change
7.5
million
Health
emergencies b
Risk factors a
4.0
and antimicrobial
resistance
8.5
million
million
>40
million
Maternal and
child health lives saved1 Infectious
diseases
6.3
million
5
million
Noncommunicable
Vaccination
4.5
diseases
million
6.5
million
a
Includes tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet
b
Includes preparedness and prevention of high-threat outbreaks, including for example measles, yellow fever, meningitis and the risk of a pandemic event
Working with Member States and partners, WHO is extending its billion targets to promote good health,
provide health services without financial hardship and protect people from health emergencies with a focus
on eventually reaching the world’s population under each target, to achieve the goal of health for all.
Promote health 6 billion people by 2028 +2 bn

living healthier lives
Provide health 5 billion people by 2028 +1.5 bn

accessing health services without financial hardship
Protect health 7 billion people by 2028 +1.1 bn

better protected from health emergencies
To achieve these goals, Member States need a strong WHO Secretariat to:
Promote good health Provide services through the Protect the world from
and well-being for all primary health care approach health emergencies
Strengthen climate resilience Strengthen health workforce Humanitarian response

Develop and implement national Support 55 countries to educate and Provide access to health services for more
adaptation plans for climate change, employ an additional 3.2 million than 150 million people in 30 countries,
and make 10 000 health facilities fully health workers. including 40 million primary care visits.
functional, including with solar
electrification.
Improve access to services Outbreak alerts and response
Increase the number of vaccines delivered Identify, assess and inform on 30 health
Implement NCD Best Buys by 247 million in 20 priority countries; threats per month and coordinate
Reduce obesity in 31 countries covering increase the people on antihypertensive parallel response to 60 emergencies
1.2 billion people, reduce tobacco, treatment to 200 million in 42 countries. at any given time.
alcohol use and physical inactivity in 52
countries covering 3.2 billion people.
Accelerate disease elimination Improve preparedness
84 countries reach WHO targets for disease Increase scores under the International
Healthy and age-friendly cities elimination, e.g malaria and transmission of Health Regulations reporting tool,
74 cities implement proven neglected tropical diseases, and elimination improving preparedness for 83
interventions for NCDs, and expand of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, countries covering 1.4 billion people.
age-friendly cities network to >2000. hepatitis B or syphilis.
Power global health to deliver faster
Faster access Better data Targeted country support

Complete guidance and associated Strengthen access to timely reliable data Every WHO Country Office drives
prequalification within 12 months for through the World Health Data Hub; use national progress through technical
400 health products. these data to set targets and catalyse cooperation guided by a theory of
progress towards health targets in more change showing WHO’s unique
than 100 countries. contribution.
Ensure a strong WHO to perform for health
Demonstrate organizational excellence Sustainable financing Strengthen country offices

Accountability, transparency and Fund high-priority outputs Implement a predictable country
efficiency shown through audits and up to 80% of their planned budgets. presence and increase proportion of
oversight mechanisms. staff on long-term contracts at all levels.
Summary 13
All for Health

WHO embodies the collective commitment
of its Member States and partners to health as a global goal
Health for All

WHO is a catalyst for country progress towards
the well-being of all, guided by evidence-based standards,
and stepping forward when emergencies threaten lives
Poison centre worker rushes to deliver an antidote by ambulance in Bangkok, Thailand. © WHO / Blink Media - Amanda Mustard
1 What WHO
will deliver in
2025–2028
What WHO will deliver in 2025–2028 15
preparedness for emerging threats. Governance

“The World Health Organization has the
has become more complex with a need for agile
moral authority and unique global reach to solutions that traverse the local to the global
sphere, and mobilize state, civil society and
drive forward the long-term strategies we
private sector actors.
need for real well-being.”
Gordon Brown, WHO Ambassador for Global Health Financing In the coming 4 years, through its 14th General
Programme of Work, 2025–2028 (GPW14), WHO
will continue to put making measurable impacts
in countries at the centre of its work and results
framework. WHO’s work is anchored in the
Over its 75-year history, WHO has advanced principles of the Sustainable Development
global health, reducing mortality rates and Goals (SDGs) of leaving no one behind, with
increasing life expectancy. Yet, challenges commitment to health equity, gender equality
persist: increases in life expectancy have and human rights, and to the promotion of
slowed, maternal mortality has stagnated and healthy lives and well-being across the life
conflicts exacerbate health crises. In 2024, nearly course (Fig. 1).
300 million people require humanitarian aid,
underscoring the urgent need to protect health WHO will lead focused efforts to put the world
care during emergencies and ensure peace on track to meet the ambitious targets of the
for health. When health care is unprotected SDGs, while at the same time future-proofing
in humanitarian emergencies, lives are put at health and health care systems for the post-SDG
immediate risk. Disruptions to health systems era. By 2028, WHO, together with Member States
also create a cycle of reduced health access and and all other key partners, will ensure that, of
more poverty. the projected 8.4 billion people living in the
world, 6 billion will be enabled to live healthier
WHO‘s agenda setting, the creation of global lives, 5 billion will be able to access health
health goods and its provision of country services without financial hardship and 7 billion
support are the foundation of global health will be protected from health emergencies.
initiatives. This robust foundation not only These absolute targets reflect WHO’s
facilitates partnerships, but also catalyses commitment to health for all and on ensuring
additional health investments. WHO that all people in the world are eventually
facilitates and increases the focused efforts of covered under these goals.
organizations such as Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance,
and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Achieving these targets will have immense
and Malaria (Global Fund), philanthropy and impact on the health of the world’s population.
the private sector. Moreover, WHO‘s role extends This is not only about numbers. It’s about real
beyond setting the global health agenda; it people living longer, healthier lives. Each year,
serves as the steward of an innovation-friendly 55 million people die, with 28 million – half of
ecosystem where advances benefit all. By all deaths - occurring prematurely before the
spearheading a shift towards a primary health age of 70.
care approach, WHO is propelling universal
health coverage (UHC) forward while addressing
the unique needs of different countries.
40
At least
Addressing today‘s complex health
challenges demands multisectoral action.
Noncommunicable diseases cause more than
half of global mortality, requiring upstream
interventions in social, behavioural and million
environmental areas. Climate change further
increases health risks, underscoring the lives will be saved globally
need for coordinated global governance and over the next 4 years
Through the collective efforts of WHO, Member The rate of return on investing in WHO was
States and partners, we can save at least 40 calculated taking the estimated 40 million lives
million additional lives globally over the next saved and using a conservative assessment of the
four years.1 portion of those benefits that can be attributed
to the actions of WHO.3 The estimates have been
The economic case for investment in WHO is developed in close consultation with partners,
strong. For every US$1 invested in WHO, health including the Lancet Commission on Investing in
gains valued at US$ 35 are produced.2 Health, and progress will be monitored with the
support of leading academic partners.
The health impact and return on investment
were estimated based on collaborative modeling
efforts drawing from more than 50 academic
modeling groups and consortia. These estimates
35
were combined across programmes, taking
account of comorbidities and overlaps. The
WHO Secretariat's contribution to lives saved
US$
is made through developing guidelines and
recommending interventions, approving
technologies, supporting Member States
to pass these into policy and supporting
implementation. This estimate does not take
value of health gains
account of a scenario where existing efforts produced for every US$1
from partners would backslide. invested in WHO
Fig. 1
Strategic objectives of WHO’s 14th General Programme of Work, 2025–2028
Promote health Perform

health
Respond to climate change, an escalating health threat
A strong,
Address health determinants and root causes of ill health efficient and
effective WHO
HEALTH AND Provide health

WELL-BEING FOR Advance primary health care and essential health system
EVERYONE, capacities for universal health coverage
EVERYWHERE Improve service coverage and financial protection
Power
health
Science and
data to guide
impact
Protect health
Prevent, mitigate and prepare for health risks from all hazards
Rapidly detect and sustain response to health emergencies
1.1 Promote good health

and well-being
Respond to climate change, annually from malnutrition, malaria and other
climate-related issues, with air pollution alone
an escalating health threat in
causing more than 7 million deaths a year.4,5
the 21st century.
Over 2025–2028, WHO will make climate change
Address health determinants a priority across all divisions, from norms
and the root causes of ill health and standards to operational work, touching
in key policies across sectors. all areas of WHO’s work. The Organization
will support Member States to: build health
Since 2018, 1.2 billion more people now lead systems of the future, which are more resilient
healthier lives, largely due to better indoor air to climate risks and have the lowest possible
quality and access to water, sanitation and hygiene. greenhouse gas emissions; enhance protection
However, reaching SDG targets requires greater from climate-related emergencies and disease
progress. Tobacco use persists, obesity rates are outbreaks; and guide key sectors, including
rising and climate change poses increasing health energy, food, transport and urban systems,
risks. WHO promotes good health and well-being by to improve health through climate change
prioritizing prevention and promotion efforts both adaptation and mitigation.
within and beyond the health sector, emphasizing
evidence-based implementation. In the next 4 WHO will continue to lead the global health
years, WHO, working with partners, aims to ensure architecture in making health a central issue in
6 billion people are living healthy lives, thus moving the international response to climate change.
towards the goal of health for all. The Organization will further strengthen its role
in providing evidence and technical guidance
Climate change is a growing threat to human on health in a changing climate, monitoring
health, amplifying extreme weather events progress that underpins global climate and health
that affect the lives of millions of people, investments, and building capacity and technical
increasing the disease burden and the chance support for Member States. This will enable
of future outbreaks, disrupting vital systems Member States to develop, among other things,
and undermining health determinants that the health components of national adaptation
disproportionately impact already vulnerable plans and nationally determined contributions to
populations. By the middle of the 21st century, meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement,
climate change could cause millions more deaths and to implement cost-effective solutions, such
as integrating climate and health surveillance
systems, developing early warning systems for
“The Climate Crisis is the central challenge of climate-sensitive diseases, and implementing
solar-powered electrification in health facilities. For
our time. Not only are we seeing the impacts
example, WHO will work with partners to ensure
of heat, droughts and floods on health, but the electrification of 10 000 health facilities through
also the worrying exponential spread of solar-powered systems, and improve water, waste
and facility management, and climate resilience.
diseases borne by mosquitoes and other
vectors. The World Health Organisation Through WHO’s initiative, the Alliance for
Transformative Action on Climate and Health
understands this. We need solutions that (ATACH), the Organization has brought together
realise that financing, equity and access are Member States and more than 40 development
partners to build climate resilient and sustainable
not different problems, they are all linked.” health systems and economies, thus multiplying
The Honourable Mia Mottley, Prime Minister, Barbados impact in protecting health.
Half of all health outcomes are shaped by interventions at the country level to build a
where people are born, grow, work and age, healthier, safer and more sustainable world for
and these conditions are startlingly unequal. everyone, everywhere.
WHO is championing efforts to promote and
sustain health and well-being at all ages, for In 2025–2028, WHO will increase its focus on
all people, by addressing health determinants multisectoral action on the root causes of health
in a coordinated way to translate global inequities. WHO’s Special Initiative for Action
commitments into local action. on Social Determinants of Health for Advancing
Health Equity will work to integrate health
Over the 4 four years, WHO will seek to achieve equity into the social and economic policy
healthier populations by focusing on stronger platforms of at least eight countries. By scaling
prevention and promotion strategies, and up policies, such as social protection coverage,
effective implementation of evidence-based this partnership aims to improve the social
determinants of health for at least 20 million
1.2
people experiencing disadvantage in these
countries by 2028.
billion
Social health investments, such as fostering social
connections, have been overlooked and can benefit
people of all ages. As population demographics
change and more older people need access to
more people now lead healthier lives, services, WHO is working with countries to build
largely due to better indoor air quality and long-term care systems by using available public
access to water, sanitation and hygiene and private resources, including the policies,
Box 1
Challenge of climate-related ill health: strengthening the resilience of Small

Island Developing States
WHO is working with Member States to: build the health Adaptation Project. This initiative began with a thorough
systems of the future, which are more resilient to climate assessment, which identified more than 50 health facilities
risks and have the lowest possible greenhouse gas needing urgent retrofitting. WHO is directing renovation
emissions; enhance protection from climate-related efforts towards improving accessibility for individuals with
emergencies and disease outbreaks; and guide key mobility challenges, ensuring sustainable access to electricity
sectors, including energy, food, transport and urban from solar power, providing safe water and upgrading
systems, to improve health through climate change sanitation facilities. Additionally, training programmes for
adaptation and mitigation health workers and communities have been developed and
rolled out to foster climate resilience. These collaborative
Small Island Developing States are already facing efforts by the health ministry and WHO are pioneering a
escalating climate challenges, leading to a spike in resilient health system in Fiji, ready to face the climate crisis.
climate-related diseases and weather-induced casualties.
An urgent upgrade of the health infrastructure is needed With the strong leadership of the Governments of
to withstand the impacts of climate change, and Fiji and Barbados, the 2023 Bridgetown Declaration
countries are responding and adapting to the future addresses action needed to tackle the interconnection of
needs of health systems. environmental crises, and noncommunicable diseases and
mental health. Furthermore, the commitments to action
Under the leadership of Fiji’s Ministry of Health and made by the 39 vulnerable Member States need urgent
Medical Services, WHO launched the Strengthening Health financial support.
Fig. 2
Examples of WHO actions to promote health and well-being, 2025–2028
TACKLING HEALTH DETERMINANTS IN THE NEXT 4 YEARS
The WHO Partnership for The WHO Global Network

Healthy Cities unites for Age-Friendly Cities and
mayors from 74 cities Communities extends
committed to creating support to over 2000 cities
healthier, safer and more to improve living conditions
equitable urban centres. for older residents.
WHO sets international food

safety and quality standards
through FAO/WHO expert The WHO Best-buys for
committees, maintaining NCDs, comprising 28
the Codex Alimentarius low-cost, highly effective
which is a refence point for strategies, form the basis
national authorities and for Member States policies
thousands of industry users. to tackle NCD risk factors.
WHO will provide specialized

technical assistance, aiding 20 additional countries
in law development, tax will implement the
analysis and practical INSPIRE package,
implementation to ensure an protecting an extra 130
estimated 66 million more million children from
people will quit smoking. violence.
Under the Acceleration Plan

to Stop Obesity 31 countries Through concerted action
will be supported to with Member States WHO
introduce new policies will reduce deaths from
related to obesity road traffic crashes by more
reduction, covering 1.2 than 500 000 per year
billion additional people. globally from 2025 to 2028.
“Road traffic crashes devastate tens of

millions of families around the world each
year. By championing stronger road safety
laws, WHO is leading groundbreaking work to
make our roads safer – and prevent so many
unnecessary tragedies.”
Michael Bloomberg, WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable
Diseases and Injuries
systems and infrastructure for universal long-term WHO’s work to address health risk
care coverage and financial protection for older factors – tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol,
adults. WHO will support urban governance for obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy
health and well-being through initiatives that diets – will continue unabated. Fig. 2 highlights
strengthen participatory processes in decision- some of the key areas and targets of WHO’s work
making with multisectoral action and civil society to tackle health risk factors and determinants
engagement at the local level. between 2025 and 2028.
“WHO brings together partners from

beyond the health sector to focus on the
social inequity which is the root cause
of most ill-health.”
Sir Michael Marmot, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health
at University College London
Elderly residents exercise, assisted by a physical therapist, at Bishkek social center, Kyrgyzstan. © WHO / Arete / Maxime Fossat
1.2 Provide health services where

they are needed most
Advance the primary health care (PHC) approach as the most equitable,
care approach and essential effective and efficient path to UHC. Over the
next 4 years, WHO will support Member States
health system capacities for to realize the right to health, and achieve
universal health coverage. universality and equity by focusing on three
priorities: (i) reorienting health systems to a
Improve health service PHC approach; (ii) strengthening and expanding
the health workforce to leave no one behind;
coverage and financial and (iii) enhancing health financing and
protection to address inequity financial protection for the poorest and most
and gender inequalities. vulnerable people.
To drive the PHC approach, WHO will intensify

Since 2018, nearly 430 million more people have tailored and flexible support to more than
gained access to health services without financial 120 countries with a combined population of
hardship. One hundred and forty countries more than 3 billion people by deploying 150
enshrine the right to health in their constitutions, UHC health policy advisers through the UHC
yet more than half the world’s population is still Partnership6 – the world’s largest and most
not covered by essential health services and widely recognized platform for international
one person in four suffers financial hardship cooperation on UHC and PHC. During 2025–2028,
in accessing health services. Although global the UHC Partnership will accelerate learning and
progress towards the SDG target for UHC is not policy advancements by facilitating knowledge
on track, around 30% of countries have increased exchange among countries.
both service coverage and financial protection,
showing progress is possible even in difficult The health workforce and infrastructure are
fiscal conditions. expected to need the biggest investment
to meet the health-related SDGs7. Despite
After the 2023 high-level meeting on UHC, recent progress, an estimated shortfall of
national leaders committed to redouble 10 million health workers is expected by 2030.
UHC progress and invest in a primary health WHO’s multipronged workforce plan builds on
Box 2
A leap towards access: collaborating on primary health care in Pakistan
Since 2018, Pakistan has made significant advances Islamabad and Charsadda. The initiative catalysed the
towards universal health coverage (UHC), yet nearly half refurbishment and equipping of 15 health facilities,
the population remains underserved. In 2021, under the enhanced the skills of health care workers in patient
Government’s leadership, WHO brought together eight safety and service delivery, improved referral systems,
partners within the SDG3 Global Action Plan for Healthy and increased community engagement. Underpinned by
Lives and Well-being for All to collaborate on primary a robust theory of change and vigilant monitoring, the
health care by creating a foundation to accelerate initiative led to significant health service enhancements
progress towards UHC. This partnership delivered the and intersectoral cooperation. This successful model is
Family Practice Approach, with the cornerstone being now ready for expansion across Pakistan.
the new UHC benefit package which was piloted in
430
consensus among Member States and partners at
the Fifth Global Forum on Human Resources for
Health in 2022. WHO will support Member States
million to double the health workforce in 55 countries

with the greatest need, support efforts to
educate and employ 3.2 million health workers,
additional people have gained access to strengthen the public health and emergency
health services without financial hardship workforce, promote ethical migration, and
address gender inequalities in a predominantly
female workforce.
Financial hardship has progressively worsened

“Worldwide, countless individuals over the past 2 decades, exacerbated by
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
endure mental health, neurological and
behavioural conditions. Through programs Ensuring financial protection for all, especially
like its Special Initiative for Mental Health, the poorest people, is crucial as service
coverage expands. Despite progress in
WHO is shedding light on often overlooked widening financial protection, the poorest
issues, and empowering nations to bridge people remain the least covered by essential
health services and bear the brunt of out-of-
the vast service gap” pocket health spending. Since 2018, WHO has
Cynthia Germanotta, WHO Goodwill Ambassador collaborated with 111 countries to enhance
for Mental Health financial protection and 143 countries to
Box 3
Multidisease elimination: consigning more infectious diseases to history
Remarkable progress has been made in tackling many the market for better access to human papillomavirus
communicable diseases. The number of people dying tests and integrative approach; and support countries to
from causes related to human immunodeficiency develop efficient, effective and equitable approaches to
virus (HIV) infections is 70% lower than its peak 20 multidisease elimination.
years ago. Tuberculosis death rates declined 18%
between 2015 and 2022. WHO has targeted more than By 2028, another 84 countries could reach the WHO targets
30 communicable diseases for elimination, and 25 for disease elimination. These targets include elimination
countries have eliminated at least one tropical disease of transmission (e.g. malaria and some neglected topical
over the past 5 years. diseases) and elimination of a public health problem,
such as for cervical cancer transmission pathways (e.g.
Over the coming 4 years, WHO will accelerate efforts mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis
to control, eliminate and eradicate diseases. The and Chagas disease), or an acute public health event
Organization will: align partners around the scale-up (e.g. outbreaks of meningitis, mpox and hepatitis E or
of equitable access to malaria vaccines and dual- A). Twenty-nine countries could achieve two or more
active ingredient mosquito nets; support research and elimination targets. Many more will make measurable
development for a new tuberculosis vaccine through progress on the path towards longer-term elimination
the tuberculosis vaccine accelerator council; implement goals. A multidisease elimination approach facilitated by
the research and development blueprint for neglected WHO will result in less fragmentation, with convergence
tropical diseases; apply the successful HIV self-testing around common platforms to deliver essential services
model to other disease areas including sexually and interventions, which will lead to greater efficiency,
transmitted infections, and hepatitis B and C; shape effectiveness and equity in elimination efforts.
Box 4
Mental Health Special Initiative: providing cost-effective comprehensive cover
As many as one in eight people worldwide lives with a across all six WHO regions. The goal of the initiative
mental health condition and 700 000 people die each is to introduce new services at the primary and
year from suicide. Yet, only a small portion of these secondary levels of health care, often in districts
people can access appropriate care and support. WHO with little or no mental health service capacity. An
is catalysing efforts to close this treatment and service estimated 52 million people now have access to newly
gap. The Organization and partners have developed available local services. These services are highly cost-
global and regional action plans and a comprehensive effective: for every US$ 1 million spent, more than 2
body of information, evidence and guidance to support million people have access to newly available mental
country-level implementation of mental health health services in their communities – a per person
strategies. However, implementation progress to date cost of less than US$ 0.50. In the next 4 years, the
has been patchy and far short of the goal to increase special initiative will be extended to more countries
service coverage globally by 2030. and 24 countries with plans to strengthen their mental
health surveillance systems will be supported to
WHO’s Special Initiative for Mental Health will boost generate the data needed to accurately monitor and
progress and is already operational in nine countries report service coverage.
implement policy changes to improve health

financing. Over the next 4 years, WHO aims
to further bolster health financing capacity
in at least 50 countries, emphasizing
evidence-informed policies to enhance both
service coverage and financial protection,
and ensuring that no one is left behind.
Countries emerged from COVID-19 with new

appreciation of the value and impact of health
on equity, economic recovery and resilience.
The pandemic reversed years of progress
in the provision of many essential health
services, including for routine immunization,
noncommunicable diseases, mental health,
HIV, hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections,
tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical
The WHO Academy will increase diseases. As the evidence of these disruptions
the provision of high-impact became clear over the course of 2020 and 2021,
WHO and partners began to organize efforts to
state-of-the-art training to mitigate the impact. These efforts to increase
millions of health workers and access to health services will continue over the
coming 4 years (Fig. 2).
policy-makers worldwide
This work will include high-level political
The WHO Academy Mass Casualty Management learning programme ran its first simulation advocacy for the most important health
activity in a custom-built simulation centre in Lyon, France. © WHO / Eric Leroux priorities, issuing leading normative guidance,
providing direct technical support to Member implementation research. For example, WHO’s
States, facilitating the recommendation, cervical cancer elimination initiative will support
prequalification, donation and procurement Member States to reach the 90–70–90 targets
of medicines, developing new service-delivery for the percentage of girls vaccinated, women
models, using digitalization, health literacy screened and women treated by 2030 through a
and self-management, and strengthening PHC-oriented approach.
monitoring and evaluation, as well as
Key to guaranteeing access to services is
ensuring an integrated delivery of services
to promote health, and prevent, detect and
treat diseases and provide rehabilitation
“One of the most pressing issues on from them across the life course through a
the continent of Africa is the education, PHC approach. WHO’s guidance on disease-
specific interventions is oriented towards this
employment and retention of a skilled integration. To this end, WHO issues guidance
health workforce to meet the needs of for primary care-based interventions and
supports countries towards multidisease
the growing population and improve the elimination, while recognizing that higher-
resilience of the health system against level care, such as for cancer, is a vital part of
robust PHC-oriented health systems. This work
future shocks” will continue over 2025–2028 so that these
Dr Diana Atwine, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health, Uganda ambitions become a reality for Member States.
Box 5
Women’s health: bridging the gender health gap and overcoming entrenched
inadequate care
Some 75 million years of life are lost each year due to a stalwart advocate globally for women’s health. This
the gender health gap8. Gender inequality drives health includes supporting countries to: improve reporting and
disparities, with women facing unique health challenges use of sex disaggregated data; conduct gender analysis;
including to receiving adequate care. and identify and address all conditions that differently or
disproportionately affect women.
Since 2018, WHO has increased attention to these
challenges by applying a gender lens to all its work. The Working closely with the United Nations Population
Director-General has also prioritized the leading killers of Fund and United Nations Children’s Fund, the Secretariat
women, including through a call to action to eliminate will also intensify technical support to 42 high-burden
cervical cancer, which has led to the introduction of the countries to reduce maternal and newborn mortality,
human papillomavirus vaccine in 58 countries since 2020. and, under the WHO Family Planning Accelerator Plus
Project, support countries to implement evidence-based,
Despite these advances, challenges remain. Particularly gender-responsive family planning interventions. The
worrying is the lack of progress in reducing maternal Global Strategy for Cervical Cancer Elimination will
mortality, violence against women and breast cancer. scale up the three pillars for cervical cancer elimination,
including increasing coverage of human papillomavirus
Over the coming 4 years, WHO will continue to apply a vaccination and screening and treatment of women
gender lens across the Secretariat’s work and serve as based on the latest WHO guidance.
Fig. 3
WHO actions to provide health services to those in need
Up to
42 90 million
high burden
257 million
additional vaccines
countries
will reduce child
additional people
treated through
intensified technical
42 countries 25 countries
supporting national
delivered working with mortality through a support to the highest scale-up of HEARTS will roll out WHO
Immunization Agenda WHO core package of tuberculosis burden to diagnose and emergency care training
2030 partners. essential services. countries. manage hypertension. across 750 facilities.
42 11 countries 70 countries 22 1 billion

high burden will benefit from effective will benefit from highest burden people in 100
and equitable use of improved access to countries will be
countries countries
investments in malaria life-saving medicines to covered by services
will work to reduce will receive intensified
interventions, including improve chances through expansion of
maternal and newborn technical support for
new types of insecticide of survival from Rehabilitation 2030.
mortality through WHO HIV, hepatitis and
treated bed nets. childhood cancer.
in partnership with sexually transmitted
UNICEF and UNFPA. infections.
“We cannot create a world free of poverty or make progress to address inequality
without tackling gaps in health care. Quality, affordable health care remains
out of reach for too many in developing countries which severely impacts
their development and well-being. The World Bank Group is committed to the
ambition of health for all, which underpins our goal of reaching 1.5 billion people
with health services by 2030. We need effective partnerships and a strong WHO
to make progress on the global health agenda, so together we can scale up what
works and ensure that health is not just a promise, but a reality for everyone.”
Ajay Banga, President, World Bank Group
1.3 Protect the world from

health emergencies
Prevent, mitigate and prepare These efforts are designed to bolster the
for risks to health from all world’s collective capacity to respond efficiently
and effectively to future health crises and
hazards. reinforce the importance of unified action in an
increasingly fragmented world.
Rapidly detect and sustain an
effective response to all health 1.3.1 Prevent, mitigate and prepare
emergencies. for emergencies
Since 2018, WHO‘s efforts have resulted in 600 The world is experiencing an unprecedented
million more people being better protected from increase in global health emergencies,
health emergencies. This significant progress driven by factors such as climate change,
was driven by expanded vaccination coverage, conflicts and the expanding interface between
enhanced preparedness and quicker responses human and animal habitats. Notably, about
to emerging threats. These accomplishments 75% of new infectious diseases originate in
underscore WHO‘s vital role in reinforcing global animals, highlighting the urgent need for
health security. a comprehensive One Health approach to
protect populations. The urgency to address
The COVID-19 pandemic has sharply highlighted these complex, interconnected threats was
the urgent need for enhanced equity, resilience a focus at the United Nations (UN) High-
and global coordination in preventing and Level Meeting on Pandemic Prevention,
responding to health emergencies. Over the Preparedness and Response in 2023.
next 4 years, WHO will continue this work with
Member States. The ongoing negotiations for the WHO is at the forefront of enhancing global
pandemic agreement and the amendments to health security, with its expertise in surveillance,
the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR safe and scalable care, rapid access to medical
(2005)) are set to play a pivotal role in forging a countermeasures and emergency coordination
more effective and equitable global framework for for protecting vulnerable communities and
pandemic preparedness, response and recovery. enabling swift responses to crises. Both a clear
Spearheaded by Member States and facilitated opportunity and a moral imperative exist to
by WHO, these initiatives aim to secure crucial bolster emergency preparedness systems
investments, accelerate research and development and capabilities. Strengthening these areas
of vaccines and treatments, and expand global is vital to significantly reduce the risk of future
manufacturing capacities through technology pandemics and safeguard global health and
transfer and voluntary licensing. Achieving the development gains.
objectives of these initiatives is central to extending
protection against health emergencies to a Central to WHO’s strategy is supporting countries
projected total of 7 billion people. at risk in building resilient health systems that
600
act as the first line of defence against emerging
threats. These systems must be adaptable to
specific local contexts and designed to handle
million
varied health threats effectively. This resilience
not only ensures uninterrupted care and
equitable access to essential treatments during
emergencies, but also protects the health and
more people are better protected from well-being of people in crisis zones, thereby
health emergencies as a result of WHO’s enhancing community readiness and overall
efforts since 2018 system robustness.
Box 6
Health care for displaced populations: ensuring access to leave no one behind
Displacement and migration are key determinants of health assistance in strengthening the delivery of essential health
and well-being, not only for internally displaced people, services, notably in humanitarian setting and health
refugees and migrants, but also for the populations in their systems, including through capacity-building and technical
communities and countries of destination, transit and origin. assistance to national programmes to improve access of
About 282 million people – 13% of whom are children – live migrants and refugees to comprehensive, good quality and
outside their country of birth, and 110 million people have culturally sensitive health services to accelerate progress
been forcibly displaced, including refugees, asylum-seekers towards universal health coverage. Furthermore, WHO will
and internally displaced people.9 WHO’s work has been advance the translation of research into evidence-based
guided by the WHO Global Action Plan on promoting the policy-making by implementing the Global research agenda
health of refugees and migrants, 2019–2030 and relevant on health, migration and displacement at regional and
regional frameworks and resolutions. national levels, and will provide support to 16 countries
hosting refugee and migrant populations. WHO support
WHO will continue to support Member States facing during 2025–2028 is expected to lead to a 25% increase in
these growing global challenges, specifically 41 countries the number of countries with policies that ensure equal
experiencing increasing migration, humanitarian access to essential and emergency health care for displaced
emergencies and internal displacement, as well as 42 people and a 25% decrease in these populations who do not
countries hosting refugees. These countries will receive have equal access.
Each month, WHO analyses 9 million pieces

“The COVID-19 pandemic cost the world of surveillance data and identifies about 4500
trillions of dollars in public expenditure and potential risks, which lead to about 30 verified
threats. This vital function will continue
foregone output. For a fraction of a percentage over the next 4 years, with the support of
point of those costs, we can put in place the WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic
Intelligence in Berlin. This hub is pivotal to
public health infrastructure and preparedness
enhancing access to multiple data sources
systems that would improve countries’ and developing advanced tools to generate
odds of nipping the next health crisis in the insights on disease emergence, evolution
and impact, thereby strengthening global
bud. Making these investments – including capacities for disease detection, assessment
support for a properly-resourced World Health and response.
Organization – is a no-brainer.” Using the framework set by the IHR (2005),

Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director-General, World Trade Organization WHO‘s sophisticated surveillance networks
are instrumental in the early detection of
health threats, enabling prompt, science-
based actions. In 2022, WHO successfully
1.3.2 Rapidly detect and maintain verified over 70% of IHR (2005) signals within
an effective response 48 hours, demonstrating its prompt response
capabilities. Over the next 4 years, WHO aims
The constant threat of localized outbreaks to strengthen its preventative strategies further
escalating into global pandemics underscores by using updated risk assessments the One
the need for strong international cooperation Health approach, and extending its global
to ensure timely detection and effective outreach. The objective is to proactively
containment. Collaborative efforts are crucial to identify and neutralize risks at their source,
avert the extensive devastation that can result significantly diminishing the frequency and
from unchecked disease outbreaks. intensity of future emergencies.
Biochemists examine samples for antimicrobial resistance delivered to the laboratory at Malbrán Institute in Buenos Aires,
Argentina. © WHO / Sarah Pabst
Box 7
Antimicrobial resistance: tackling this silent pandemic
Only a concerted effort can hold and reverse the including young people, policy-makers and media, and
growing threat of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), promote the voices of survivors of antimicrobial resistance
which already today causes more than 1 million direct to emphasize the impact of antimicrobial resistance
deaths and contributes to almost 5 million deaths every on lives and livelihoods; (iv) deliver a comprehensive
year. If antibiotics and other antimicrobials lose their approach to stewardship so that prescribed antibiotics
effectiveness, the cost to the global economy would be at limit the risk of the emergence of resistance; and (v) finalize
least US$ 1 trillion annually by 2030. Furthermore, modern and disseminate a package on how to implement the
medicine would cease to exist – a simple cut or sore could people-centred framework for antimicrobial resistance
prove life-threatening. into health systems. These activities will be delivered
through an integrated approach that will involve all
WHO tackles this challenge with multiple partners from both divisions and levels of WHO.
public and private sectors, and coordinates a One Health
approach across human and animal health and ecosystems Integrated surveillance across pathogens is a critical piece
to prevent antimicrobial resistance, working with the Food of WHOs work to monitor the emergence of drug resistance.
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Specifically, WHO will work to ensure that 1.5 million people
Nations Environment Programme and World Organisation with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can access WHO’s
for Animal Health. A joint global plan provided the impetus recommended treatment, support digital technologies,
for 178 countries to develop national action plans on AMR, and expand access to WHO-recommended diagnostics and
underpinned by WHO’s core packages of the most effective drug-susceptibility tests, which will significantly improve
interventions. Yet only 27% of countries report that they treatment outcomes and save more lives. Enhanced
have the capacity to implement and monitor their plans and antimicrobial resistance surveillance for gonorrhoea is now
only 11% have dedicated funding in their national budgets. in place in 14 sentinel countries across the six WHO regions,
and an additional 73 countries are capable of tracking
Over the next 4 years, WHO will: (i) consolidate strategic the emergence and spread of resistance to the last-line
information systems to guide decision-making at the treatment for gonorrhoea as a result. This surveillance can
country level; (ii) support increased investment in research reduce the further development and spread of antimicrobial
and development, and improve equitable access by resistance and has the potential to avert 82 million
tackling barriers along the value chain; (iii) raise awareness untreated infections that could lead to 800 000 adverse
of antimicrobial resistance among key stakeholders sexual and reproductive health outcomes.
1.3.3 Save lives in humanitarian hubs, including Gaza, South Sudan and Ukraine,
settings making it one of the most purchased emergency
kits globally.
WHO’s collaborative efforts with countries
substantially enhance health care access during Over the next 4 years, WHO is committed to
emergencies, benefiting millions. As a vital continuing its support for health services
provider of last resort and lead of the Global to more than 150 million people across 30
Health Cluster, WHO works in conflict and countries, including facilitating 40 million PHC
disaster areas, partnering with humanitarian visits annually. WHO‘s extensive global presence
organizations to deliver essential supplies and and partnerships strengthen local response
services and cater to the needs of affected capabilities, ensuring that vital assistance reaches
communities. For example, in the past 2 years, people in dire need.
WHO has provided scaled-up mental health
and psychosocial support services to 2 million
4 500
people in the Syrian Arab Republic and Türkiye
after the 2023 earthquakes and deployed experts
in mental health and psychosocial support to
12 complex emergency countries including
Ukraine. Additionally, more than 142 000
noncommunicable disease and mental health
emergency kits developed by WHO have been
distributed to 28 countries affected by conflicts potential risks are identified
and natural disasters and placed in humanitarian each month
In response to a cholera outbreak in Sudan, WHO staff monitor water quality at a site hosting displaced families. ©️ WHO / Ala Kheir
2 Transforming
for impact
Transforming for impact 31
“WHO is vital in its support to countries to tropical diseases, tuberculosis, obesity, pathogen
surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, cancer
direct their health efforts to have the greatest and mental health, digital health and artificial
impact. Parliamentarians across the world are intelligence, and climate change. In addition,
WHO’s engagement in high-level multilateral
united in their acknowledgement of the ways partnerships has increased.
WHO serves the people.”
Since 2021, WHO has been implementing
Martin Chungong, Secretary-General, Inter-Parliamentary Union
and reporting on initiatives to enhance the
Organization’s performance and to further
strengthen its accountability, budgetary,
Introduced in 2018, the transformation agenda programmatic, finance and governance
is WHO‘s most ambitious reform in its 75-year systems and processes, as well as to
history. The main aim of the agenda is to substantially increase its transparency. These
modernize WHO, ensuring seamless delivery efforts have also improved efficiency and
of measures designed to have a public health effectiveness in administration, finance,
impact at the country level. The agenda commits human resources and procurement, and
all levels of the organization to transparent saved costs. In 2022, 95 efficiency gains worth
prioritization of issues guided by the needs nearly US$ 150 million were identified and
of Member States. Implementing the reforms implemented. By investing in modernizing
has been a high priority for the Secretariat, its enterprise resource planning by moving
and it has paid close attention to ensuring to the more modern business management
coherence across these reforms to ensure system, launching in 2024, the Secretariat
efficiency, sustainability and impact (Fig. 4). will drive future efficiencies through the
New capabilities, including the Chief Scientist optimization and automation of business
and data divisions, have driven a renewed processes. Similarly, WHO has led all UN
focus on science and data across many areas agencies in efforts to develop, improve
of WHO’s work, including malaria, neglected and implement systems to prevent and
Fig. 4
Implementation rates of audit and evaluation

recommendations as of April 2024
WHO-accepted UN Joint Inspection Unit recommendations
90%
2021-2022 Management Response Plan-Preventing and Responding to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
93%
Secretariat Implementation Plan and Report
84%
Agile Member States Task Group recommendations assigned to WHO
91%
respond to sexual misconduct, including development of efficient global corporate functions

advancing accountability, culture change, such as the Global Service Centre in Kuala Lumpur
policies, investigative capacity, training, risk and corporate hubs in Budapest, Dubai and Tunis.
management, dedicated human resources, and
victim- and survivor-centred support. WHO is committed to continuous improvement
and has demonstrated this commitment.
Over the next 4 years, WHO will further prioritize To sustain its achievements to date, and to
country support and adjust its results framework meet the new demands of a changing world,
to better measure public health impact. WHO a longer-term organizational change agenda
will continue to optimize its core business and will be embedded across the Organization.
technical processes to ensure the Organization This agenda includes an ambitious people
delivers value for money and meets the needs of strategy developed to focus on the WHO’s most
Member States. To this end, the Organization has important asset – attracting, retaining and
restructured core functions, such as supply chain developing a diverse, motivated, empowered
and communication capacities, and continued the and fit-for-purpose workforce.
WHO’s unique
value:
• Global Health
Stewardship
• WHO Public Goods
• Country Support
WHO/Dubai Global Logistics Hub pharmacist performing

a medical supplies inventory check at the WHO’s
warehouse within Dubai Humanitarian, United Arab
Emirates. © WHO / Yoshi Shimizu
2.1 Leading by example

Partnerships are integral to WHO‘s work and the quadripartite collaboration (Food and
how it influences the global agenda. The UN Agriculture Organization of the United
reform and Lusaka agendas have given added Nations, United Nations Environment
focus to streamlining efforts of international Programme and World Organisation for
partners and aligning with national priorities. Animal Health and WHO) has advanced a
For example, WHO‘s collaboration with coherent One Health project.
Box 8
Health Impact Investment Platform: mobilizing national health financing
In a landmark development aimed at investing in alignment of financing decisions with national health
and strengthening essential, and climate- and crisis- priorities and strategies under a one-country, one-plan
resilient primary health care services, four multilateral approach. The platform will be governed by a steering
development banks have joined with WHO to launch the committee with representatives from the four banks,
Health Impact Investment Platform. with WHO hosting the secretariat and operational
functions.
The platform will raise an initial €1.5 billion of funding to
be made available to low- and middle-income countries It is expected to be fully operational by 2025.
as concessional loans and grants to expand the reach
and scope of their primary health care services, By gathering all data and evidence related to
especially for the most vulnerable and underserved investments, the platform will de-risk investment and
populations and communities. leverage co-financing to increase the concessionality
of loans. This financing comes in addition to the more
The African Development Bank, European Investment than US$ 1 billion which WHO has leveraged since 2016
Bank, Islamic Development Bank, Asian Development for countries’ health sectors through its partnership
Bank and WHO founded the platform. WHO is the with the World Bank. Further partnerships will allow this
platform’s policy coordinator, responsible for ensuring platform to be scaled up.
“The EIB is proud to partner with WHO and

our fellow multilateral development banks on
the Health Impact Investment Platform for an
innovative approach to financing that will ensure
more resilience to the shocks of future health
crises, safeguarding communities and economies.”
Nadia Calviño, President, European Investment Bank
Furthermore, a trilateral cooperation between and certifying progress; prequalifying medicines,

WHO, World Trade Organization and World diagnostics and vaccines; and directly enabling
Intellectual Property Organization has created programme delivery in some of the most fragile
an intellectual property agreement aligned with health systems and dangerous on-the-ground
public health goals. WHO’s network of more than circumstances.
800 collaborating centres further enhances the
Secretariat’s production of global knowledge.
800
WHO enables the work of key partners and
global health institutions such as Gavi, the
Global Fund and the Global Financing Facility,
philanthropy and the private sector at every
step of their value chain, by: identifying health
issues and the burden of disease and the
countries and communities most vulnerable; collaborating centres
supporting innovation in response strategies enhance the production
and validating effective responses; monitoring of global knowledge
Box 9
WHO and digital health: shaping health care for the 21st century and beyond
To meet the growing demand from countries for digital translations so that no one misses out on the benefits of
health solutions, WHO is expanding further into digital digital health.
health and innovation to future-proof and build resilience
of national and global health systems. An opportunity Digital health and innovation is essential to build resilient
exists to reimagine health through interconnected digital health systems and future-proof against pandemics and
systems to strengthen primary health care, universal other threats. Devastating as it was, the coronavirus
health coverage and routine health system functions. disease 2019 pandemic accelerated the adoption and
expansion of digital technologies and. WHO led digital
While 120 Member States have developed digital health innovation with our partners and collaborators.
health strategies, progress is unequal with important One example is the Global Digital Health Certification
gaps in infrastructure, gender inclusion and accessibility Network, which was launched with the European Union.
to digital services. In response, WHO launched This global health infrastructure currently connects
the Global Initiative on Digital Health to support 76 countries across all income levels and regions, and
transforming country strategies into action. With a enables people to digitally carry their verifiable health
focus on strengthening institutions, developing policy and immunization records or to benefit from cross-
and regulatory environments, and building capacity, border electronic prescriptions or telemedicine services.
this initiative promotes WHO’s norms and standards
and guidelines to facilitate the transformation of WHO is is providing leadership on artificial intelligence
health systems. (AI) by bringing together global experts to develop
the guidance document on the ethics and governance
While all WHO guidance and guidelines are freely of AI for health, which is among the the most
available, access remains a challenge for the people accessed resources in the WHO library. WHO is
who need them the most and WHO is creating access to committed to ensuring digitalization of health
real time updates and digital codes for easy language benefits everyone, everywhere.
“WHO’s key role in providing technical support to

countries and setting global standards is a vital
ingredient for our Vaccine Alliance’s success.”
Dr Sania Nishtar, Chief Executive Officer, Gavi
“The world needs a strong WHO to ensure that the

global health ecosystem delivers the maximum impact
towards achieving SDG3. Only by ensuring WHO and its
partners are sustainably funded can we continue to save
lives and beat AIDS, TB and malaria by 2030.”
Peter Sands, Executive Director, The Global Fund
WHO team in Dhaka is monitoring dengue data during the outbreak, Bangladesh. © WHO / Fabeha Monir
2.2 Science and data for impact

2.2.1 Creating faster, fairer access quality assurance standards, support effective
to innovation priority-setting, and ensure timeliness and
equity. The need to correct global imbalances in
Access to safe and effective diagnostics, health innovation has never been more evident,
medicines and vaccines depends upon but it will require sustained efforts to improve
confidence which is underpinned by global country and regional capacity, resilience and
standards. WHO is the steward of an increasingly self-reliance, including through geographically
complex global ecosystem that drives forward diversified and sustainable scientific effort,
innovation in medicine and translates science research and development, and quality-assured
into products and health programmes that reach manufacturing capacity.
all people who need them (Fig. 5).
WHO provides two essential global services:
WHO identifies gaps and opportunities to the development of recommendations and
establish and maintain normative guidance and guidance on the use of important health
Fig. 5
WHO end-to-end role in accelerating access to life-saving innovation
Science and research Intellectual property Manufacturing Global policy and regulation
and development and market access • High-quality • Strengthening of regulatory capacity
• Convening and catalyzing • Technology, knowledge manufacturing • Reliance:
science, horizon scanning transfer and licensing • Training and quality - guidelines and normative
• Pathogen, sample and • Target product profiles assurance functions
product sharing for research • Equitable access schemes • Regional production - WHO listed authorities
and multicentre trials - pre-qualification
1 2 3 4
Innovation ACCESS Innovation
7 6 5
Impactful use Selection, procurement National policy for health

• Health care worker capacity and and supply products
infrastructure • Technical specifications • Translation into national policy
• Workflow and digital integration • Standardized nomenclature • Essential lists, technical
• Implementation research and policy updates • Market shaping assessment, insurance coverage
Box 10
WHO's regional presence: multiplying impact through regional partnerships
At regional level WHO’s presence serves as a vital hub organizations, continental organs such as the European
to promote collaboration among countries, facilitate Union Commission, the African Union Commission and
knowledge exchange, and catalyse regional and global Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, regional
action to improve health outcomes. The regional offices political groupings such as the Asia-Pacific Economic
work to implement WHO’s global health policies and Cooperation Forum and the Association of Southeast
programmes within their respective regions, adapting Asian Nations, and regional development banks such
these policies to suit the specific needs, priorities and as the Asian Development Bank, African Development
contexts of the countries they represent. And, just as they Bank, and others. WHO’s engagement with regional
respond to their own distinct contexts and tailor global partnerships takes a number of forms – from advocating
prescriptions to regional and national needs, they also for health at the political leadership level, collaborating on
play a role by aggregating and translating these national technical support to countries and leveraging financing
experiences to shape global perspectives. for investment in Member States’ health systems. During
the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, WHO also
WHO regional offices coordinate and align partnerships engaged actively through regional partnerships to support
between country governments, development partners countries’ responses, for example, in facilitating and
and public health institutions, and regional authorities, coordinating donations of vaccines. WHO has also played
Regional Economic Committees (for example South a key role in establishing and promoting political fora
African Development Community, Economic Community dedicated to advancing universal health coverage, such as
of West African States), private sector and civil society the Asia Pacific Parliamentarians Forum on Global Health.
products, for example, the model lists of essential solutions for data collection, analysis and
medicines and essential diagnostics list; and the presentation.
prequalification of these product so they can
be safely and rapidly used more widely. Current WHO‘s commitment to accessible health data
practice is to develop recommendations and assess prompted the development of the World Health
prequalification sequentially. A new method is Data Hub, which combines WHO‘s databases
now being adopted for all products to synchronize into one secure platform to provide countries,
processes and conduct them in parallel. The partners and the public with trustworthy health
target for the dual processes is 12 months from data. Over the next 4 years, WHO will enhance the
the start of the recommendation development to hub, with improved visualization, translation into
formally accepting a manufacturer’s dossier for other languages, and transparency of sources
prequalification assessment. At the same time, and real-time information on health risks, making
WHO will support Member States to identify and it a comprehensive platform for streamlined
clear roadblocks to adoption, and reduce the lag consultations and improved access to high-
time to access at the national level which currently quality data.
can be longer than 10 years.
As the world faces challenges to achieving the
2.2.2 Providing equitable access targets of the SDGs, accurate and timely data are
to the world’s health data needed to inform prioritization and set targets.
WHO uses country-specific, co-developed
Good data are essential for public health but quantifiable targets and a strategic plan to meet
many challenges exist at global, regional and country targets and monitoring and evaluating
country levels, including data fragmentation, progress supports progress. This approach will
insufficient access, weak health information be expanded in the next 4 years from 50 to 100
systems in countries and a lack of standardized countries. WHO’s annual flagship monitoring
WHO staff reviews immunization records with health workers to support performance monitoring in Marsabit County Referral Hospital, Kenya. ©️ WHO / Billy Miaron
reports, such as the world health statistics reports the Global Heath Facilities Database, and support
and UHC monitoring reports, along with regularly ministries of health to maintain a georeferenced
updated global health estimates, give Member health facility master list to enable the world to
States better information to address health identify the location and functional capacities
challenges. To further support Member States to of all health facilities, with all low- and middle-
strengthen their health systems, WHO will finalize income countries covered by 2028.
“The world is now even more aware of the significance

of timely, reliable and accessible data to deal with health
emergencies like pandemics, and to promote public
health policies within and across countries. The role of
the WHO is essential in this, as the only international
organization with the required reach, expertise and credibility.
This is one of the reasons why supporting the WHO is
critical for achieving health for all, in any country.”
Dr. Jayati Ghosh, Professor of Economics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Member of
the WHO Council on the Economics of Health For All
2.3 Strengthening country offices

to increase impact
One of WHO’s greatest assets is the breadth WHO country offices perform a variety of
and depth of its network of 154 country offices, functions to support the countries they serve,
six regional offices and multiple headquarters underpinned by their role as trusted counterparts to
campuses (Fig. 8). This is an unparalleled national governments. WHO provides unbiased and
resource for global health, putting technical trustworthy advice, technical support and expertise
expertise closest to where impact is achieved. across a wide range of public health issues. In
health and humanitarian emergencies, WHO
country office teams provide operational support in
“Viet Nam works closely with WHO the delivery of essential health services, as well as
sustained support to build resilience.
in our country's journey to better
health for our people - via advancing In the next 4 years, reflecting a country-by-country
analysis of health systems and humanitarian
Universal Health Coverage and response capacity, country offices will be
strengthening primary health care, strengthened by ensuring each office has the
core capacity to perform its role.. Priorities and
improving pandemic preparedness and targets will be agreed through country cooperation
response capacities, and tackling the strategies, and a stronger focus on implementation
and impact across the three levels of the WHO
risk factors for diseases.” Secretariat will direct support on accelerating
Dao Hong Lan, Minister of Health, Viet Nam progress towards achieving the targets of the SDGs.
Fig. 6
WHO’s offices around the world
Headquarters Special office Regional office Multicountry office Country office

3 Invest in WHO
for a safer and
healthier world
Invest in WHO for a safer and healthier world 41
“Facing increased threats to global health, States. This source has declined in relative terms
and accounts for less than a quarter of WHO’s
the world needs to come together to ensure funding, with the remaining three quarters from
sustainable funding of WHO. The increase in voluntary contributions, mostly from a small
number of donors. The contributions are often in
assessed contributions and the investment the form of short-term grants, mostly earmarked
round are key steps to achieve this goal, and for specific programmes or offices. This means
that WHO writes more than 3000 reports to
fully supported by Norway.” donors each year and, given the short-term
Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister, Norway nature of the donations, cannot plan the long-
term work needed to meet its mandate.
Sustainable funding means funding which is Member States and bodies such as the
flexible, predictable and resilient (Table 1). Independent Expert Oversight Advisory
When WHO was founded, it received almost all Committee have long recognized that receiving
of its funding from assessed contributions that funding in this way creates challenges and risks
Member States pay predictably each year. These for WHO’s mission. The COVID-19 pandemic
contributions can be flexibly deployed and are, brought this issue into stark relief as the
by definition, from a broad base of Member Organization needed to respond flexibly and on
Table 1
Call for sustainable financing for WHO
Objectives Present Future
Flexible Assessed contributions Assessed contributions cover

funding represent 23% of the approved 50% of base budget by 2030.
base budget for the 2024–2025 Voluntary contributions have
biennium. greater flexibility.
Voluntary contributions
represent 77% of the approved
base segment budget for the
2024–2025 biennium.
87% of currently available
voluntary contributions are
strictly earmarked.
Predictable Over 60% of country office staff More voluntary contributions

funding are on short-term contracts. are pledged for 4 years,
permitting better planning and
longer-term staffing.
Resilient 69% of voluntary contributions The donor base is expanded.

funding are from 10 donors.
WHO: World Health Organization.

Fig. 7
Funding gap for WHO’s base Breakdown of WHO’s budget for

budget, 2025–2028 2025–2028 across strategic objectives
Projected assessed contributions
(with increase) + programme
support costs
US$ 4.1 bn Promote Provide
Perform
GPW 14
2025-2028
base budget10
US$ 11.1 bn
US$ 7.1 bn Power Protect

Funding gap
US$ 1bn
7.1
part of the increase has mainly been allocated
to strengthen preventing and responding to
sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment, and
US$ billion accountability and oversight capacities. Member

States also approved the launch of an investment
round to broaden the source of voluntary
in voluntary contributions are contributions and promote larger and more
needed for 2025-2028 flexible grants pledged for 4 years, aligning with
the outcomes and outputs of the GPW14 and
WHO’s corporate reporting.
an unprecedented scale. In 2022, Member States Full and sustainable financing of WHO’s budget
requested budget proposals which reflect the for 2025–2028 is needed for the GPW14 to
aspiration of increasing assessed contributions achieve its objective: contributing to saving more
to 50% of the base segment of the programme than 40 million additional lives, with a return on
budget by 2030. Based on the proposal, the investment of US$ 35 for every US$ 1 spent.
2022 World Health Assembly approved the first
increase in assessed contributions to allow WHO The total funding required for GPW14 is
to realize its goals. More than three quarters of US$ 11.1 billion, to be allocated across the
the increased flexible funding has been allocated WHO’s strategic objectives (Fig. 711), which
to regions and country offices. The remaining includes dedicated funding for strengthening:
Sustainable financing is a prerequisite for US$ 4.1 billion of the total budget need for
the 4-year period of the GPW14. This leaves a
WHO to deliver on its constitutional mandate voluntary contribution funding need for 2025–
fully and effectively. The gradual increase in 2028 of at least US$ 7.1 billion (Fig. 7).
Assessed Contributions is one historic step The investment round is a unique opportunity
in this direction. In parallel to the increase to rally all stakeholders around the GPW14
to make the necessary progress to achieve
in AC, WHO requires greater predictability
the targets of SDG 3. It aims to safeguard the
and increased flexibility of Voluntary political commitment to global health and to
Contributions for the full four-year period. WHO, and seeks commitments to fully fund
GPW14 by backing the increase in assessed
Her Excellency Dr. Hanan Mohamed Al Kuwari, Minister of Public Health, Qatar contributions and providing voluntary
contributions to cover the US$ 7.1 billion
financing gap by the end of 2024.
country offices which will receive a greater share Contributions are also invited from philanthropic
of the funds; polio transition; and data and and private-sector partners to capitalize on their
innovation.12 strengths to bring better health to people and
maximize impact. This is in line with the WHO
In line with Member States’ decisions and Framework of Engagement with non-State Actors
requests, assessed contributions – including and working with the WHO Foundation.
anticipated future increases – will account for
A briefing on the processes related to the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body at the side of the 154th session of the WHO Executive Board. ©️ WHO / Pierre Albouy
4 Together
creating value
for all
“Strengthening multilateral cooperation in of disease outbreaks will be better combatted

through all-hazards early warning systems and
health, with the WHO at the centre, not only systematic improvements in preparedness based
unites us as humans but also serves each of on the IHR (2005).
our nation’s interests. Quite apart from the
Progress towards UHC will be accelerated
moral and epidemiological imperatives, it is through greater local emphasis on implementing
the financially prudent and responsible thing PHC approaches, together with health financing
reform that gives countries the fiscal space to
to do for each of our nations, rich or poor.” provide the public health systems that underpin
His Excellency Tharman Shanmugaratnam, President of Singapore and health resilience. WHO will support countries
Former Co-Chair of the G20 High Level Independent Panel on Financing the over the last mile of their efforts towards
Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response eliminating public health threats, from HIV,
tuberculosis and malaria to cervical cancer
and neglected tropical diseases. WHO will work
Extending the benefits of the latest vaccines and with Member States and partners to prioritize
treatments, protecting the world from the next and invest in prevention and health promotion
pandemic – including the silent pandemic of strategies to address the effects of climate
antimicrobial resistance – tackling the impact change and the determinants that drive ill health.
of climate on health and strengthening health
systems everywhere are important global public The investment round started by Member
health goals. Achieving these goals depends on States marks a profound change in the
the public health goods provided by WHO. These way WHO is financed and is an innovative approach
goods are rooted in the evidence-based norms, to tackling the unpredictability of financing. It
standards, research and data brought together promises to bring a new dynamism to financing, to
by WHO and its systematic efforts to enhance better identify emerging needs and predictably and
capacities to deliver health for all. effectively match resources to them.
The global health goods created by WHO, with The world spends US$ 9 trillion a year on
support of the best experts and expertise around health. A fully financed WHO over 4 years
the world, benefit everyone – if they are available requires a 1000th of that amount. In return for
and applied everywhere. Making these goods that investment, the world gains authoritative,
available depends on WHO’s network of regions evidence-based norms and standards on
and country offices working with and supporting every facet of health, a framework for access to
national governments to implement globally agreed quality-assured health products, early warning of
standards and best health practice. In the words outbreaks, support to national health systems in
of the WHO Constitution, “Unequal development every country, and health workers and supplies
in different countries in the promotion of health on the ground when crises hit.
and control of diseases, especially communicable
disease, is a common danger.” This is as true today To deliver the results promised by WHO for
as it was more than 75 years ago. 2025–2028 requires its budget of US$ 11.1 billion
to be fully and flexibly funded. Member States
Over the coming 4 years, WHO will change the have responded to the call to action to establish
trajectory of global health. a stronger WHO by agreeing to increase their
annual assessed contributions. Now, we call on
It will identify the solutions that maximize climate, Member States and partners to fill the US$ 7.1
equity and health co-benefits. The escalating threat billion gap needed to achieve the GPW14 goals.
Together, we can
secure health for all.
References
1. World Health Organization. Methods for the third WHO investment case (upcoming). Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2024
2. A healthy return: investment case for a sustainably financed WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
(https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/354372, accessed 8 May 2024).
3. Sheehan, P., Rasmussen, B., Sweeny, K., Maharaj, N. and Symons, J. (2022). WHO Investment Case 2.0:
Technical Report, Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne
https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43539/7/WHO_Investment_Case2.0TechnicalReport310522FINAL-REV-B.pdf
4. Zhao Q, Guo Y, Ye T et al. Global, regional and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient
temperatures from 2000-2019: a three-stage modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021; 5: e415-25.
5. Lelieveld J, Haines A, Burnett R. Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling
study. BMJ 2023,383:e077784
6. Universal Health Coverage Partnership [website]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021
(https://extranet.who.int/uhcpartnership/, accessed 8 May 2024).
7. Sustainable Development Goals: health price tag [website]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017
(https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/sustainable-development-goals-health-price-tag,
accessed 8 May 2024).
8. Whiting K. 5 conditions that highlight the women’s health gap [internet]. World Economic Forum. 3 May 2024
(https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/02/womens-health-gap-healthcare/, accessed 8 May 2024).
9. UNHCR Global Trends 2022 [website] Copenhagen: United Nations High Comissioner for Refugees; 2022
(https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022, accessed 20 May 2024).
10. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic
analysis. Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):629-655. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0.
11. The GPW14 budget breakdown is indicative only, prioritization and budget allocations are ongoing.
12. WHO's Programme Budget Portal [website] Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 https://open.who.int/2024-
25/home
Annex 47
Annex
Voluntary contributions to base segment, revenue
Top 30 sovereign and foundation voluntary contributors to WHO

base segment, revenue, 2020-2023 (US$ million)
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
United States of America

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The United Kingdom
Germany
European Commission
Norway
France
India
Sweden
Republic of Korea
Japan
Australia
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
Saudi Arabia
Russian Federation
Bloomberg Family Foundation
Susan Thompson Buffett…
Luxembourg
Denmark
Spain
Belgium*
Canada
Switzerland
L'institut de France
Wellcome Trust
Nigeria*
Romania*
China
Vital Strategies
Qatar Flexible Thematic Earmarked
*This contribution includes pass-through and/or other forms of allocations from other donors channeled to WHO through this partner.
Contributors do not include Gavi, GFATM, and UN contributors
World Health Organization

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All for Health,

Health for All

All for Health,

All for Health, Health for All: investment case 2025-2028

ISBN 978-92-4-009540-3 (electronic version)

© World Health Organization 2024

Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/.

Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.

Design and layout by blossom.it

Foreword from the Director-General 4

1. What WHO will deliver in 2025-2028 14

1.1. Promote good health and well-being 17

1.2. Provide health services where they are needed most 21

1.3. Protect the world from health emergencies 26

2. Transforming for impact 30

2.2. Science and data for impact 36

2.3. Strengthening country offices to increase impact 39

3. Invest in WHO for a safer and healthier world 40

4. Together creating value for all 44

Annex Voluntary contributions to base segment, revenue47

Foreword from the

ADB Asian Development Bank

AFDB African Development Bank

AMR Antimicrobial resistance

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum

APPFGH Asia Pacific Parliamentarians Forum on Global Health

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ATACH Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health

AUC African Union Commission

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EUL Emergency Use Listing

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

FCV Fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings

GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation

GPW 13 13th General Programme of work

GPW 14 14th General Programme of work

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IHR International Health Regulations

NCD Noncommunicable diseases

NTD Neglected tropical diseases

PHC Primary health care

R&D Research and development

SADC Southern African Development Community

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

STIs Sexually transmitted infections

UHC Universal Health Coverage

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene

WHO World Health Organization

All for Health,

Working with Member States and partners,

Promote health 6 billion people by 2028 +2 bn

Provide health 5 billion people by 2028 +1.5 bn

Protect health 7 billion people by 2028 +1.1 bn

Strengthen climate resilience Strengthen health workforce Humanitarian response

Power global health to deliver faster

Faster access Better data Targeted country support

Foreword from the Director-General 4

1. What WHO will deliver in 2025-2028 14

1.1. Promote good health and well-being 17

1.2. Provide health services where they are needed most 21

1.3. Protect the world from health emergencies 26

2. Transforming for impact 30

2.2. Science and data for impact 36

2.3. Strengthening country offices to increase impact 39

3. Invest in WHO for a safer and healthier world 40

4. Together creating value for all 44

Annex Voluntary contributions to base segment, revenue47