Sheet4 Solution

Operating Systems sheet-3
Chapter 4 – Threads
True / False Questions:

1. The basic unit of dispatching in an operating system is usually referred to as a thread or lightweight process.
(T)
2. An example of a system that implements a single process with multiple threads is MS-DOS. (F) java
3. In a multithreaded environment, a process is defined as the unit of resource allocation and a unit of
protection. (T)
4. The concept of thread synchronization is required in multithreaded systems because threads of a single
process share the process’s process control block (PCB). (F) because they share the same address space
5. In a pure User-Level Thread (ULT) facility, all of the work of thread management is done by the application,
but the kernel is aware of the existence of threads.
(F) kernel is not aware of the threads existence
6. In the field of distributed operating system design, the One-to-Many (Thread-to-Process) relationship is
particularly interesting because it involves the concept of thread migration. (T)
7. One disadvantage to the master/slave shared-memory multiprocessor architecture is that the failure of the
master brings down the whole system. (T)
8. In a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system, each processor has access only to a private main memory
area. (F) also have access to a shared main memory
9. An SMP O/S manages processor and other resources so that the user may view the system in the same
fashion as a multiprogramming uniprocessor system. (T)
10. The primary advantage of the basic microkernel design over layered kernel designs involves increased
performance. (F) performance is a disadvantage
11. The philosophy underlying the microkernel is that only absolutely essential core operating system functions
should be in the kernel. (T)
12. The basic form of communication between processes or threads in a microkernel O/S is messages.
13. Linux makes no distinction between a process and a thread. (T)
14. Windows 2000 is an object-oriented O/S, but only processes (not threads) are implemented as objects in the
WIN2K O/S. (F) threads are also implemented as objects
15. In the Solaris O/S, a User-Level Thread (ULT) in the active state is assigned to a Light-Weight Process
(LWP) and executes while the underlying kernel thread executes. (T)
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The concept of a process in an operating system embodies two primary characteristics, one of which is:
a. Multithreading b- Resource ownership c- Symmetric multiprocessing d- None of the above
2. An example of a system that implements a single process with multiple threads is:
a. WIN 2000 b-Solaris c-Java d-All of the above
3. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between processes and threads:
a. It takes far less time to create a new thread in an existing process than to create a new process
b. It takes less time to terminate a process than a thread
c. It takes less time to switch between two different processes than to switch between two threads
within the same process d-All of the above
4. The basic thread operation related to the change in thread state that occurs when a thread needs to wait for
an event is referred to as the:
a. Unblock operation b-Spawn operation c-Block operation d-None of the above
5. One of the disadvantages of User-Level Threads (ULTs) compared to Kernel-Level Threads (KLTs) is:
a. Scheduling is application specific
b. When a ULT executes a system call, all threads in the process are blocked
c. Thread switching does not require kernel mode privileges d-All of the above
6. In the Linux O/S, multiple threads may be created and executed within a single process. This is an example
of the following Thread-to-Process relationship:
a. 1:1 b-1:M c-M:N d-None of the above
7. The computer system category where a single processor executes a single instruction stream to operate on
data stored in a single memory is called:
a. Single Instruction Single Data (SISD) stream b-Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) stream
c. Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD) stream d-None of the above
8. In a SMP system, each processor maintains a local cache and must alert all other processors that a change
to cache update has taken place. This is referred to as the:
a. Interconnection mechanism problem b-Synchronization mechanism problem
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Operating Systems sheet-3
Chapter 4 – Threads
c. Cache coherency problem d-None of the above

9. Key issues involved in the design of multiprocessor operating systems include:
a. Scheduling b-Synchronization c-Reliability and fault tolerance d-All of the above
10. Early operating systems that were designed with little concern about structure are typically referred to as:
a- Monolithic operating systems b- Layered operating systems
c- Kernel operating systems d-All of the above
11. A benefit of the microkernel organization is:
a. Extensibility b-Portability c-Flexibility d-All of the above
12. In low-level microkernel memory management, an example of an operation that can support external paging
and virtual memory management is the:
a- Grant operation b-Map operation c-Flush operation d-All of the above
13. In a W2K system, the state that a thread enters when it has been unblocked and the resource for which it
has been blocked is not yet available is called the:
a. Transition state b-Waiting state c-Standby state d-None of the above
14. In a Solaris system, a User-Level Thread (ULT) that enters the active state is assigned to a:
a-Kernel thread b-Heavy-Weight Process (HWP) c-Light-Weight Process (LWP) d-None of the above
15. In a Linux system, when a new process is cloned, the two processes share the same:
a- Process identifier b-Virtual memory c-task_struct data structure d-All of the above
Fill-In-The-Blank Questions:
1. In an operating system, the unit of dispatching is usually referred to as a ___________________, while the
unit of resource ownership is usually referred to as a process or task. Threads or lightweight process
2. An example of an operating system that supports a single user process and a single thread is
_______________. MS-DOS
3. An example of an operating system that supports multiple user processes and multiple threads is
_______________. WIN2K/solaris/linux/mach/os2
4. It is necessary to ___________________ the activities of various threads so they do not interfere with each
other or corrupt data structures. synchronize
5. A process that cannot execute until some event occurs is said to be in the _______________ state. blocked
6. The Clouds O/S implements the concept of a thread as primarily an entity that can move among address
spaces which represents the _______ Thread-to-Process relationship. One-to-many
7. In a ________________ system, the kernel can execute on any processor, and typically each processor
does self-scheduling from the pool of available processes or threads. Symmetric multiprocessor
8. In most modern computer systems, processors generally have at least one level of __________________
that is private to the processor. Cache memory
9. With multiple active processes in an SMP system having potential access to shared address space or
shared I/O resources, care must be taken to provide effective _________________.synchronization
10. In the ________________ O/S architecture, functions are organized hierarchically and interaction only takes
place between adjacent sections. layered
11. One advantage of the microkernel architecture is __________________, allowing the addition of new
services as well as the provision of multiple services in the same functional area. extensibility
12. The basic form of communication between processes or threads in a microkernel O/S is
__________________ . messages
13. In a Linux system, if the process has been terminated but, for some reason, still must have its task structure
in the process table is in the _____________ state. zombie
14. In a Solaris system, a User-Level Thread (ULT) in the active state is assigned to a(n)
____________________, and executes while the underlying kernel thread executes.
Light-weight process(LWP)
15. In a Windows 2000 system, a process that has been selected to run next on a particular process moves
from the Ready state to the _____________ state. standby
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Operating Systems sheet-3

True / False Questions:

Multiple Choice Questions:

c. Cache coherency problem d-None of the above

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