ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• It is made up of dutless that secrete

NERVOUS SYSTEM chemicals called hormones that produce
a response in the body.
• Bodies and communication station.
HORMONES – can spread to any part of the body
Central nervous system
it may be cell or not.
• Receives and processes all of the
information from all parts of the body.
WATER SOLUBLE – epinephrine
LIPID SOLUBLE – testosterone
a. Brain – control
ANDRENALINE – [ Epinephrine ]
Cerebrum
Cerebellum GLANDS HORMONES ACTION
Brain stem
Pineal Melatonim Cicardian
b. Spinal cord rythym
Anterior Growth Cell growth
40-50 cm long pituitary hormones
Connects the brain and the body
Posterior pit. ADH water balance
Composed of grey and white matter
Thyroid T3/T4 Metabolism
Transmits impulses all over the body
Calsitonim Lowers blood
Responsible for involuntary
Ca
(e.g. movements)
Parathyroid PTH Raises blood
Ca
Peripheral Nervous System
• Carries impulses from the sensory nerves
Pancreas Insulin Lowers blood
to the CNS and from the CNS to the
sugar
motor nerves.
Glucagon Raises blood
sugar
a. SOMATIC
- regulates the activity that are under Adrenal Glucocorticoics Anti-
conscious control such as the SKELETAL, cortex inflammatory
NOSE etc. Andrenal Epinephrine Fight or
Medulla flight
- muscular system and EXTERNAL
reception. Ovary Estrogen Female sex
charac.
b. AUTONOMIC Testes Testosterone Male Sex
- regulates the activity that are charac.
involuntary or done without conscious
will.

- INTERNAL reception.

1. Sympathetic
- fight or flight response
- controls the internal function of the
body.
- rise of blood pressure

2. Parasympathetic
- Rest and digest
- decrease or slow down the blood
pressure.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM Classification of Neuron
• Increase rate of processes.
01. Sensory or Affective Neurons – carry impulses
from the sense organs to the brain and spinal
cord.

02. Motor and Effective Neurons - carry impulses

from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles.

03. Associative Neurons – located in the CNS,

interrupt the cloth or impulses.

HOW IS MESSAGE TRANSMITTED; SENSORS

Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
AFFERENT NEURON – cell which transmit signal Olfactory receptors
from the sensory organs to the CNS. Chemoreceptors
Pain: Nociceptors
EFFERENT NEURON - cell which transmit signal Temperature: Thermoreceptors
from the CNS to the muscles and glans\ds
Stimulus > Sensory Organ > Sensory Neuron > CNS
> Motor Neuron > Effector

HOMEOSTASIS
• Conditional wherein the human body
system is maintained in balance despite
changing external factors.

• Responsible in the regulation and

maintenance of the internal
environment.

REGULATES:

1. Body 2. Salt acids

temp. and gases
3. Fluids 4. Nutrients

CONTROL CENTER
• Receives the info. From the sensory. 60-
100 bpm.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

• A control system to reduce or minimize
any internal or external change of the
body.
6 SECTIONS OF THE BRAIN Menstruation
1. Cerebrum
• Longest part of the brain.

4 LOBES

Parietal lobe Integrating sensory info.

Temporal lobe Denditory info. from the
ears.
Frontal lobe Reasoning and thought
Occipital lobe Visual info. from the
eyes.

2. Cerebellum
• Muscle coordination
• Balance
• Posture
• Muscle tone

3. Diencephalone

Thalamus behaves directs sensory

impulses to cerebrum.
Hypothalamus Controls and regulates
appetite, temperature. 2 phases of ovarian cycle are:
Memory processing
Follicular phase
4. Midbrain Luteal phase
• Below the cerebrum
• Responsible for eye and auditory Ovulation – hormone causes follicles to mature,
reflexes. but only one will mature and burst releasing an
ovum.
5. Pons
• Below midbrain Menstrual Cycle – is a process that occurs due to
• Responsible for certain reflex action. the shedding of the endometrial lining.

6. Medulla Oblongata Menstrual Phase – starts from the fifth day of

• Regulates: blood vessel function, the cycle. It occurs when the fertilization of the
digestion, respiration, swallowing. ovum fails.

Proliferative phase – the estrogen level rises.

Secretory phase – the progesterone level rises

and estrogen level deacreases.
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Testis
• More complex • Where sperm is produced
• Acidic
• Ovum production Scrotum
• Fertilization • Bag like structure
• Pouch which contains the testis.
Egg cell = ovum – is non motile
Epididymis
Ovary – where the egg cell is located • Massive coils
• Travel to go to female body.
Fimbriae • To carried outside the testis
• helped to hold the ovum released and
sweep to the tubes Vas Deferens
• It can’t travel alone (the ovum) • Long coil
• Can carry through the ejaculatory ducts
Fallopian Tube
• Connect ovaries and uterus Ejaculatory Ducts
• Site of fertilization • Heads to a destination where SPERMS GET
MIXED with a nourishing fluid
Uterus • Sperms needs NOURISHMENT to survive
• site of development of a baby. they also need protection from acidic.

Vagina Seminal Vesicles

• a small passage that opens to the • Secretes a fluid that helps in nourishing
exterior site where sperm is received in the sperm.
the female body.
• Birth canal Prostate gland
• Helps in secreting the prostate fluid.
Vulva – external female genital
Urethra
1. Mons pubis - a tissue mound made up of • Floating to the fluid which can reach to
fat located directly anterior to the pubic the urethra from where they can release
bones. outside the body.
- covered in pubic hair
Bulbourethral gland
2. Labia majora - are larger, with hair on • Another vital secretion called the coopers
the outer surface. (outer) gland.

3. Labia minora - are small and hairless. Penis

(inner) • Where sperm is release

4. Clitoris - an erectile female genital organ Nucleus Head region

at the anterior end of the vulva. Mitochondria Provides energy to swim
accross
Tail Help the swimming process
5. Vaginal opening – where in penis occur to
female reproductive system.

6. Urethral opening - conducting urine from

the bladder to the outside of the body