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For Bedford/St. Martin’s
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Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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ISBN 978-1-319-27053-7 (mobi)

Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments and copyrights appear on the same page as the text and art selections they cover;
these acknowledgments and copyrights constitute an extension of the copyright page.

At the time of publication all Internet URLs published in this text were found to accurately link to their
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Dear Student,

More than ever before, a college education is an essential step in preparing you
for almost any career. With almost no exceptions, employers today require that job
applicants have a college degree.
Higher education is becoming more expensive, and some people are questioning
whether a college degree is worth the cost. Yes, college is expensive, but the benefits
of a college education are well worth the price tag. According to current statistics, a
college-educated person receives a better salary and enjoys a healthier life, more
confidence, and a more promising future for his or her children than a person who
does not attend college. Of course we can all name a few exceptions: Mark
Zuckerberg of Facebook and Bill Gates of Microsoft were college dropouts who still
managed to be highly successful. Such success stories are very rare, however.
While you might have many reasons for being in college, we hope your primary
goals are to learn and ultimately to graduate, and you will be more likely to graduate
if you have a successful first year. When we were in our first year of college, college
success courses, with few exceptions, did not exist, and there was no “textbook” like
Your College Experience that provided strategies for making the most of college.
Most colleges and universities allowed new students to sink or swim. As a result,
some students did well, some hardly survived, and some dropped out or flunked out.
Beyond graduation, some of you will want to continue your education in
professional or graduate school, but others will want to begin a career. While it may
be tough to land your ideal job immediately, your college education is an investment
that will make you competitive in the marketplace.
You are likely reading Your College Experience because you are enrolled in a
college success course—a special course designed to help you be successful.
Although this book might seem different from your other textbooks, we believe that
it could be the most important book you read this term because it’s all about
improving your chances for success in college and in your career. This book will
help you identify your own strengths, as well as areas where you need to improve.
We know that if you apply the ideas in this book to your everyday life, you are more
likely to enjoy your time in college, graduate, and achieve your life goals.
As college professors, researchers, and administrators with many years of
experience working with first-year students, we know that starting college can be
challenging. But through your college success course, the faculty, staff, and
academic resources on your campus will help you meet that challenge. Welcome to
college!
 about the authors

John N. Gardner brings unparalleled experience to this authoritative text for

first-year seminar courses. He is the recipient of the University of South
Carolina’s highest award for teaching excellence. He has twenty-five years of
experience directing and teaching in the most respected and most widely
emulated first-year seminar in the country: the University 101 course at the
University of South Carolina. He is recognized as one of the country’s
leading educators for his role in initiating and orchestrating an international
reform movement to improve students’ transition to college. He is also the
founding leader of two influential higher education centers that support
campuses in their efforts to improve the learning and retention of first-year
college students: the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience
and Students in Transition at the University of South Carolina (sc.edu/fye),
and the John N. Gardner Institute for Excellence in Undergraduate Education
(jngi.org), based in Brevard, North Carolina. The experiential basis for all of
John Gardner’s work is his own miserable first year of college, which he
spent on academic probation—an experience that he hopes to prevent for this
book’s readers.
Betsy O. Barefoot is a writer, researcher, and teacher whose special area of
scholarship is the first year of college. During her tenure at the University of
South Carolina from 1988 to 1999, she served as codirector for research and
publications at the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience
and Students in Transition. She taught University 101, in addition to special-
topics graduate courses on the first-year experience and the principles of
college teaching. She conducts first-year seminar faculty training workshops
around the United States and in other countries, and she is frequently called
on to evaluate first-year seminar outcomes. She currently serves as Senior
Scholar in the Gardner Institute for Excellence in Undergraduate Education.
In that role she works with both two- and four-year campuses to evaluate all
components of the first year especially first-year seminars.
 brief contents

PART ONE FOUNDATIONS

1 THRIVING IN COLLEGE AND LIFE

2 CULTIVATING MOTIVATION,
RESILIENCE, AND EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
3 TIME MANAGEMENT

4 HOW YOU LEARN

PART TWO PREPARING TO LEARN

5 THINKING IN COLLEGE

6 READING TO LEARN

7 GETTING THE MOST FROM CLASS

8 STUDYING

9 TEST TAKING

10 INFORMATION LITERACY AND

COMMUNICATION
PART THREE PREPARING FOR LIFE

11 MAJORS AND CAREERS

12 RELATIONSHIPS

13 DIVERSITY

14 WELLNESS

15 MONEY
 contents

Letter to Students
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Your Turn Features
Preface

PART
ONE FOUNDATIONS

1 THRIVING IN COLLEGE AND LIFE

Student Profile
WELCOME TO YOUR COLLEGE
EXPERIENCE
Thriving in College
Making the Most of the College Success Course
and This Textbook
The First Day of This Course
INTRODUCING VIPS: VERY IMPORTANT
PEOPLE
Students
Instructors
Staff Members/Administrators/Advisers
THE VALUE OF COLLEGE
Accessing Better Jobs, Higher Salaries, a Better
 Life
Preparing for Graduate or Professional Education
Developing Lifelong Friendships and Professional
Networks
Building Academic Skills
Considering Other Outcomes
EXPLORING PURPOSE AND SETTING
GOALS
Considering Purpose
Getting Started with Goal Setting
Setting SMART Goals
MAKING CHOICES
Locus of Control and Being in Charge
Guided Pathways and the Downside of Poor
Choices
BEING “HIP” IN COLLEGE:
PARTICIPATING IN HIGH-IMPACT
PRACTICES
What Are High-Impact Practices?
When, How, and Why Should I Be HIP?
techtip: E-mail with Style
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

2 CULTIVATING MOTIVATION,
RESILIENCE, AND EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
Student Profile
THE IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION,
ATTITUDE, AND MINDSETS
 Motivation
Attitude
Mindsets

RESILIENCE
UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
Perceiving and Managing Emotions
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Everyday
Life
Improving Emotional Intelligence
Identifying Your EI Skills and Competencies
HOW EMOTIONS INFLUENCE SUCCESS
AND WELL-BEING
techtip: Building a Digital Persona
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

3 TIME MANAGEMENT
Student Profile
MANAGING YOUR TIME
Taking Control of Your Time
Your Memory Cannot Be Your Only Planner
USING TIME-MANAGEMENT TOOLS
PROCRASTINATION
techtip: Get Digitally Organized
Overcoming Procrastination
Dealing with Distractions
MANAGING YOUR ENERGY
 Establishing a Routine
SETTING PRIORITIES
Find a Balance

Don’t Overextend Yourself

Stay Focused
APPRECIATING THE VALUE OF TIME
Creating a Workable Class Schedule
Scheduling Your Classes in Blocks
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

4 HOW YOU LEARN

Student Profile
HOW PEOPLE LEARN
Learning Theories
LEARNING STYLES AND THE TOOLS USED
FOR MEASURING THEM
The VARK Learning-Styles Inventory
Use VARK Results to Study More Effectively
The Kolb Inventory of Learning Styles
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Multiple Intelligences
WHEN LEARNING STYLES AND TEACHING
STYLES CONFLICT
techtip: Correlate Online Learning with your
Learning Style
LEARNING WITH A LEARNING DISABILITY
Attention Disorders
 Cognitive Learning Disabilities
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

PART
PREPARING TO LEARN
TWO

5 THINKING IN COLLEGE
Student Profile
COLLEGE-LEVEL THINKING: HIGHER AND
DEEPER
Problem Solving in and out of Class
Making a Choice between Slow and Fast Thinking
Collaboration
Creativity
BECOMING A CRITICAL THINKER
Asking Questions
Considering Multiple Points of View and Drawing
Conclusions
Making Arguments
Challenging Assumptions and Beliefs
Examining Evidence
Recognizing and Avoiding Faulty Reasoning
APPLYING BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
Bloom’s Six Levels of Learning
Bloom’s Taxonomy and the First Year of College
techtip: Use your Critical-Thinking Skills in
Conducting Research
 BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

6 READING TO LEARN

Student Profile
A PLAN FOR ACTIVE READING

Previewing
Strategies for Marking Your Textbook
Reading with Concentration
Reviewing
IMPROVING YOUR READING
Monitoring Your Reading
Developing Your Vocabulary
What to Do When You Fall Behind on Your
Reading
STRATEGIES FOR READING TEXTBOOKS
All Textbooks Are Not Created Equal
Math Texts
Science Texts
Social Sciences and Humanities Texts
techtip: Embrace the E-Book
Supplementary Material
If English Is Not Your First Language
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

7 GETTING THE MOST FROM CLASS

 Student Profile
BECOME ENGAGED IN LEARNING
PREPARE FOR CLASS
PARTICIPATE IN CLASS
Listen Critically and with an Open Mind
Speak Up
TAKE EFFECTIVE NOTES

Note-Taking Formats
Note-Taking Techniques
techtip: Take Better Notes in Better Ways
Review Your Notes
Compare Notes
Class Notes and Homework
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

8 STUDYING
Student Profile
STUDYING IN COLLEGE: MAKING
CHOICES AND CONCENTRATING
HOW MEMORY WORKS
Connecting Memory to Deep Learning
techtip: Use the Cloud
 Myths about Memory
IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY
Learning Style and Memory
Strategies for Remembering

STUDYING TO UNDERSTAND AND

REMEMBER
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

9 TEST TAKING
Student Profile
GETTING READY . . .
Prepare for Test Taking
Prepare for Math and Science Exams
Prepare Physically
Prepare Emotionally
TIPS FOR TEST TAKING
TYPES OF TESTS
Problem-Solving Tests
Machine-Scored Tests
Computerized Tests
Laboratory Tests
Open-Book and Open-Notes Tests
techtip: Conquer Online Tests
Take-Home Tests
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Essay Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
True/False Questions
Matching Questions
OVERCOMING TEST ANXIETY

Symptoms of Test Anxiety

Types of Test Anxiety
Strategies for Dealing with Test Anxiety
Getting the Test Back
CHEATING
What Is Cheating?
Why Students Cheat and the Consequences of
Cheating
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

10 INFORMATION LITERACY AND

COMMUNICATION
Student Profile
INFORMATION LITERACY
Learning to Be Information Literate
What’s Research—and What’s Not?
CHOOSING, NARROWING, AND
RESEARCHING A TOPIC
USING THE LIBRARY
The 20-Minute Rule
Scholarly Articles and Journals
techtip: Conduct Effective Searches
 Periodicals
Books
EVALUATING SOURCES
Relevance
Authority

Bias
USING YOUR RESEARCH IN WRITING
THE WRITING PROCESS
Steps to Good Writing
Know Your Audience
The Importance of Time in the Writing Process
Citing Your Sources
About Plagiarism
USING YOUR RESEARCH IN
PRESENTATIONS

Guidelines for Successful Speaking

BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE
PART
THREE PREPARING FOR LIFE

11 MAJORS AND CAREERS

Student Profile
CAREERS AND THE NEW ECONOMY
Characteristics of Today’s Economy
BUILDING A PROFESSIONAL MINDSET FOR
LIFE AFTER COLLEGE
WORKING WITH AN ACADEMIC ADVISER

Prepare for Your First Meeting with Your

Academic Adviser
Know the Right Questions to Ask about Your
Major
Learn How to Select Your Classes

Explore Course Options and Pay Attention to

Your Grades
Deal with a Mismatch
FINDING CAREER RESOURCES ON YOUR
CAMPUS
GETTING TO KNOW YOURSELF
Assess Your Career Competencies
Clarify Your Personal and Workplace Values
Understand Your Skills, Aptitudes, Personality,
and Interests

Using the Holland Model

GAINING PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Internships and Other Professional Work
Experiences
techtip: Join the Professional Community
Part-Time Work in College
MARKETING YOURSELF AND PUTTING IT
ALL TOGETHER
Branding “You, Inc.”
Building a Résumé
Writing a Cover Letter
 Putting It All Together

BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

12 RELATIONSHIPS

Student Profile
BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS WITH
COLLEGE INSTRUCTORS
What Your Instructors Expect from You
What You Can Expect from Your Instructors
What You Can Expect from Your Peer Leader
Make the Most of the Learning Relationship
Understanding Academic Freedom
Handling a Conflict between You and an
Instructor
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Roommates

Romantic Relationships
FAMILY CONNECTIONS
Marriage and Parenting during College
Relationships with Your Parents
COMMUNICATING IN A DIGITAL AGE
GET INVOLVED
To Greek or Not to Greek?
 Working

techtip: Build a Digital Persona

Community Service
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

13 DIVERSITY

Student Profile
EXPLORING DIVERSITY
Ethnicity, Culture, Race, and Religion
Other Differences You Will Encounter in College
Stereotyping and Microaggressions
OVERCOMING DISCRIMINATION,
PREJUDICE, AND INSENSITIVITY ON
COLLEGE CAMPUSES
Raising Awareness
What You Can Do to Fight Hate on Campus
SEEKING DIVERSITY
Seeking Diversity in College
Seeking Diversity in the Workplace
Seeking Diversity in Life
techtip: Go Beyond the Filter
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE
14 WELLNESS
Student Profile
UNDERSTANDING WELLNESS
Managing Stress to Maintain Wellness
The Importance of Good Nutrition
Exercising to Maintain Wellness
Getting Enough Sleep to Maintain Wellness
Spirituality
Emotional Health
MAINTAINING SEXUAL HEALTH

Communicating about Safe Sex

Avoiding Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Using Birth Control
Protecting Yourself and Others against Sexual
Assault and Violence
ALCOHOL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
The Use and Abuse of Alcohol
Tobacco and Marijuana
techtip: Surf for Health
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE

15 MONEY
 Student Profile
LIVING ON A BUDGET
Creating a Budget
Cutting Costs
UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL AID

Types of Aid
Navigating Financial Aid
Qualifying for Aid
How to Keep Your Funding
ACHIEVING A BALANCE BETWEEN
WORKING AND BORROWING
Advantages and Disadvantages of Working
Student Loans
MANAGING CREDIT WISELY
Understanding Credit
techtip: Master Budgeting, Version 2.0!
Debit Cards
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE
BUILD YOUR EXPERIENCE
Glossary
Index
your turn features
Make Good Choices
The Decision to Become a College Student
Does Your Planner Work for You?
Select Your Best Study Times
Accept the Challenge to Do Your Best, No Matter What!
If You Had a “Do-Over”
Buy Your Course Materials
Going Back in Time
Choose Review Methods That Work for You
Understand Academic Integrity
Your Online Image through an Employer’s Eyes
Ponder Your Academic Major Choice
Let Previous Work Experience Guide Future Career Choices
What about Online Relationships?
Go for Diversity
Resist Junk Food Temptations
Miscellaneous Expenses

Stay Motivated
What’s Behind Your Current Motivations?
The Predicament of Too Many Obligations
Where Are You on the Cycle of Learning?
Follow the Examples of Others
Do ALL the Required Reading
Use What You Have Learned
The Fun of Improving Your Memory
Avoid Becoming Discouraged
 Learning from Motivational Speakers
Planning an Exciting Future
Dealing with Family Meddling
Don’t Let Harassment Ruin Your College Experience
Being Mindful of Stress
Using Money-Saving Strategies

Work Together
Are You Surprised?
Past Challenges
Considering People Skills
Staying on Task and on Time
Scheduling Your Classes
Sharing Different Approaches to Learning
Moving from Opinion to Logical Conclusion
Comparing Textbook Reading Strategies
Tackle Math as a Team
Do You Ask Questions in Class?
Using Learning Styles to Study and Remember
Is It Worth the Time and Effort to Get Organized?
Is One Type of Exam Better than Another?
Information Literacy—A Survival Skill?
What Can You Believe?
Marketing Yourself to Employers
Evaluating the Rumor Mill: Were Those Stories True?
Explore Involvement Opportunities
Exploring Diversity in Your College Success Classroom
Portion Size and Your Meal Plan
The Link between Cyberbullying and Suicide
Credit or Debit: Which Works Better for You?

Write and Reflect

What Does “the American Dream” Mean to You?
Anger: Friend or Foe?
What Are Your Priorities?
 Discerning the Extraverts from the Introverts in Your Life
Is There Really More than One Type of Intelligence?
Tempted to Use a Logical Fallacy?
Improving Your Powers of Concentration
Building Your Vocabulary
What Note-Taking Method Works Best for You?
Are You Able to Concentrate?
What Advice Would You Give?
Pros and Cons of Internet Searches
Give Freewriting a Try
The Economy and Your Future Plans
Your Important Relationships
When Romantic Relationships End
Gender and Opportunities
The Legalization of Marijuana
Beware: It’s Easy to Waste Money in College

Indicates Your Turn activities that involve high-impact practices. All Work Together and Write
and Reflect activities involve high-impact practices.
 preface

nyone who teaches beginning college students knows how much

A they have changed in recent years. Today’s students are

increasingly job focused, technologically adept, and concerned
about the future. More than ever, students worry about how they
will pay for college. Recently, popular media sources such as the Washington
Post have raised questions about whether the benefits of college are worth the
cost.1 While it is tempting to focus on the few individuals who succeed
without finishing college, we know that for the overwhelming majority of
individuals, a college degree is more essential than ever before.
Today, we see diverse students of all ages and backgrounds enrolling in
two- and four-year public and private institutions, bringing with them the
hopes and dreams that a college education can help fulfill—as well as
expectations that may or may not be realistic. Your College Experience is
designed specifically to give all students the practical help they need to gain
self-knowledge, set goals, succeed, and stay in college so that those hopes
and dreams have a better chance of becoming realities.
While maintaining its approach on goal setting, the Thirteenth Edition of
this text continues the emphasis on the ten high-impact practices identified by
the American Association of Colleges and Universities, and it incorporates
information on the value of peer leaders in supporting students. Your College
Experience teaches skills and strategies in areas where students often need
the most help and that are critical for success in college and the workplace.
These include time management, academic reading, test taking, research, and
career preparation. At a time when institutions are increasing class sizes and
mainstreaming developmental students, students will need more individual
attention and the skills to ask for the help they need. Of course, concerns
about student retention remain, as do pressures on college success
administrators to do more with less. These realities of college and university
life mean that giving students strategies they can use immediately is more
important than ever.
To help you meet the challenges of engaging and retaining today’s
students, we have created a complete package of support materials, including
an Instructor’s Annotated Edition and an Instructor’s Manual. In the
Instructor’s Annotated Edition, you will find clearly marked retention
strategies and activities to help you engage and retain students. These
activities, and all of the instructor support materials, are valuable for both
new and experienced instructors as they prepare to teach the college success
course.
What has not changed in the forty years since the inception of the first-
college success course is our level of commitment to and deep understanding
of our students. Although this edition of Your College Experience has been
significantly revised, it is still based on our collective knowledge and
experience in teaching new students. It is grounded in the growing body of
research on student success and retention and includes valuable contributions
from leading experts in the field. Most of all, it is a text born from our
devotion to students and to their success. Simply put, we do not like to see
students fail. We are confident that if students both read and heed the
information herein, they will become engaged in the college experience,
learn, and persist to graduation.
We have written this text for students of any age in both residential and
commuter institutions. Our writing style is intended to convey respect and
admiration for students while recognizing their continued need for challenge
and support. We have addressed topics that our experience, our research, and
our reviewers tell us are concerns for students at any type of college or
university and with any kind of educational background. We have also
embedded various reading and writing strategies to support students’ efforts
to comprehend the material and apply the skills presented in each chapter,
and we have included technology tools and tips that can enhance students’
studying experience.
Your College Experience uses a simple and logical organization. Part
One, Foundations, begins with strategies for thriving in college, in life, and
opportunities for students to explore their purpose for attending college and
to learn techniques to set goals. Next, students examine ways to cultivate
motivation, resilience, and emotional intelligence. Students are armed with
solid time-management strategies in Chapter Three, and then they explore
learning styles. Part Two, Preparing to Learn, enumerates essential learning
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lapsensänkyä. Pitäähän toki äidilläkin olla hengähtämisen varaa.

Kolopuksen ukko Jahvetti joutui esille pian appivanhempain

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Hänenkin täytyi lausua onnittelunsa hiukan laveammin:

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