1.

Creating Hello World Application

activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
android:textSize="30dp"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java
package com.example.helloworldapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

2.Creating an application that displays message based on the screen orientation.

AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

<application

android:allowBackup="true"

android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
 android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"

android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:supportsRtl="true"

android:theme="@style/Theme.SecondProgram"

tools:targetApi="31">

<activity

android:name=".NextActivity"

android:exported="false" android:screenOrientation="landscape"
/>

<activity

android:name=".MainActivity"

android:exported="true"

android:screenOrientation="portrait">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
/>

</intent-filter>
 </activity>

</application>

</manifest>

activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

tools:context=".MainActivity">

<Button

android:id="@+id/button1"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"

android:layout_marginTop="112dp"

android:onClick="onClick"

android:text="Launch next activity"

app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.612"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editText1"

app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.613" />

<TextView

android:id="@+id/editText1"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"

android:layout_marginStart="8dp"

android:layout_marginTop="124dp"

android:ems="10"
 android:textSize="22dp"

android:text="This activity is portrait orientation"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.502"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.secondprogram;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

public void onClick(View v) {

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,NextActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

activity_next.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

tools:context=".NextActivity">
 <TextView

android:id="@+id/textView"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"

android:layout_marginStart="8dp"

android:layout_marginTop="180dp"

android:text="this is landscape orientation"

android:textSize="22dp"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.502"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

NextActivity.java
package com.example.secondprogram;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class NextActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle

savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_next);