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ASSESSMENT Chapter 1
GUIDE Abnormal Psychology: An Overview
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
Learning Objective N/A Multiple Choice 2, 3, 4, 5 1,
Learning Objective 1.1 Multiple Choice 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 8, 14, 19 9, 12
15, 16, 17, 18
Fill in the Blank
Short Answer 116
Essay 129 128
Learning Objective 1.2 Multiple Choice 20, 21, 22, 24, 28 23, 25
Fill in the Blank 111
Short Answer 117 118
Essay
Learning Objective 1.3 Multiple Choice 26, 27 119
Fill in the Blank
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 1.4 Multiple Choice 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42 35, 36, 37
33, 34, 38,
39, 40, 41, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56
Short Answer 122 120, 121
Essay
Learning Objective 1.5 Multiple Choice 57 58, 59
Short Answer 123
Essay
Learning Objective 1.6 Multiple Choice 60, 62, 63 61 64, 65
Fill in the Blank
Short Answer 125 124
Essay 130
Learning Objective 1.7 Multiple Choice 66, 68, 69, 70, 76, 67, 72, 78 71, 73, 74, 75,
77 79
Fill in the Blank
Short Answer 126
Essay
Learning Objective 1.8 Multiple Choice 80, 82, 88, 93, 96 81, 83, 84, 86, 85, 87, 95
89, 90, 91, 92,
94
Short Answer
Essay 131
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
TOTAL
TOTAL
Learning Objective 1.9 Multiple Choice 99, 105, 110 97, 102, 104, 98, 100, 101,
107, 109 103, 106, 108
Short Answer 127
Essay 132
Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches
Section 1 Test Item File

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of family aggregation?

a. Both Jane and her husband are alcoholics.
b. Jim and John, 21-year-old friends, are both schizophrenics.
c. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety
disorder.
d. Kim’s suicide was apparently a reaction to her mother’s abuse.
Answer: c. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety
disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 3
Skill: Apply What You Know
Learning Objective: N/A
2. What does Monique’s case best illustrate?

a. Most individuals with mental disorders are violent.
b. Women are more likely to commit suicide than men.
c. Most individuals who experience a mental breakdown are clearly unwell long before treatment
is sought.
d. Mental illness can have a significant impact on one’s life.
Answer: d. Mental illness can have a significant impact on one’s life.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 2
Skill: Understand the Concepts
3
3. What does Monique’s case best illustrate?
a. Abnormal behavior usually produces more distress in others than the person who engages in the
abnormal behavior.
b. Abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances.
c. Most people who suffer from abnormal behavior are quickly identified as deviant by other
people.
d. When people suffer from mental disorders, they are unable to work or live independently.
Answer: b. Abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 2
4. What does Scott’s case best illustrate?

a. The problems associated with higher education in America today.
b. That homelessness often causes psychopathology.
c. That some psychological conditions are “late onset” —initially occurring in adolescence or
young adulthood.
d. That lower social economic status is a causal factor of psychosis.
Answer: c. That some psychological conditions are “late onset” —initially occurring in adolescence or
young adulthood.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 2
5. Scott is most likely suffering from what psychological condition?

a. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
b. Depression
c. Schizophrenia
d. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Answer: c. Schizophrenia.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 2
6. What makes defining abnormality difficult?

a. There are so many types of abnormal behavior that they can’t be accurately described.
b. There is no one behavior that serves to make someone abnormal.
c. Most of us are abnormal much of the time so that we cannot tell what is normal.
d. Criteria for abnormality have yet to be developed.
Answer: b. There is no one behavior that serves to make someone abnormal.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 3
4
Skill: Remember the Facts
Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
7. Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?

a. Suffering
b. Maladaptiveness
c. Deviancy
d. There is no single sufficient element.
Answer: d. There is no single sufficient element.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 3
8. The fact that body piercings are commonplace today while they would once have been viewed as
abnormal illustrates that
a. modern society is unlikely to change.
b. what is acceptable for men and women is no longer different.
c. American culture values independence.
d. the values of a society may change over time.
Answer: d. the values of a society may change over time.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 5
9. Brett persistently injects himself with pain killers. This has greatly increased his chance of
overdosing and dying. His behavior harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Brett’s behavior
consistent with the definition of a mental disorder?
a. Yes, because many people in society engage in this behavior.
b. Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him.
c. No, because his behavior must also harm the well-being of others in the community.
d. No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control.
Answer: b. Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 5
10. According to the DSM, when is deviant behavior viewed as indicative of a mental disorder?
a. Always
b. Only when the behavior is inconsistent with cultural norms
c. When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual
d. Never
Answer: c. When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
5
11. In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for?
a. Disorders, Science, and the Mind
b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
c. Descriptors for the Science of the Mind
d. Diagnostic Science of the Mind
Answer: b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
12. Which of the following is included in the DSM-5?

a. A discussion of the various causes of mental disorders
b. A means of identifying different mental disorders
c. A description of all conditions for mental illness
d. A description of all of the possible treatments for each disorder
Answer: b. A means of identifying different mental disorders
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
13. In the United States, the standard for defining types of mental disorders is contained in the
________
a. American Psychological Association’s bylaws.
b. American Psychiatric Association’s bylaws.
c. World Health Organization’s classification code.
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Answer: d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
14. Which of the following best describes the DSM?
a. A complete guide to the origin, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders
b. A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known
c. A fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders
d. A collection of random opinions about diagnosing mental disorders
Answer: b. A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known
Difficulty: 2
Page: 7
6
15. According to the case study in the textbook, for Zell Kravinsky the burden of _______ was almost
unbearable.
a. hoarding personal possessions
b. washing his hands compulsively
c. refusing to help others
d. writing and rewriting letters to his family
Answer: c. refusing to help others.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 6
16. What is a reason for classifying mental disorders?
a. A classification system allows information to be organized.
b. So that professionals won’t need to look at as much information about a person.
c. So that professionals can make assumptions about people based on their diagnoses.
d. The diagnosis can have an effect on people’s behaviors.
Answer: a. A classification system allows information to be organized.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
17. Which concept provides psychologists with a consistent naming system that can be used to organize
and identify information in a helpful manner?
a. Epidemiology
b. Classification
c. Brain research
d. Labeling
Answer: b. Classification
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
18. The International Classification of Diseases, revision 10 (ICD 10) is produced by ________
a. the American Psychological Association.
b. the American Psychiatric Association.
c. the World Health Organization.
d. the American Medical Association.
Answer: c. the World Health Organization
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
7
19. Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders?
a. A classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat.
b. When a label is used to describe an individual’s behavior, information about the person is lost.
c. A classification system allows for research to advance.
d. Identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment.
Answer: b. When a label is used to describe an individual’s behavior, information about the person is lost.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 8
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification.
20. Which of the following statements is true concerning classification systems for mental disorders?
a. It is far more important that they be reliable than it is for them to be valid.
b. Classification systems make it more difficult to gather statistics on the incidence and prevalence
of disorders.
c. Classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in
order to authorize payment of claims.
d. Although they assist scientists who are researching disorders, they always inhibit our ability to
communicate about abnormal behavior in a consistent way.
Answer: c. Classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in
order to authorize payment of claims.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 8
21. All of the following are disadvantages of classifying and diagnosing mental disorders except
________
a. stereotyping.
b. labeling.
c. stigma.
d. structure.
Answer: d. structure.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 8
22. Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means ________

a. people are reluctant to discuss their psychological problems because they are afraid others won’t
like them.
b. people feel very sad and upset when they find out they have a mental illness.
c. the automatic and often incorrect beliefs people have about people with mental illness.
d. the problem of removing the diagnosis, even if people make a full recovery from mental illness.
Answer: c. the automatic and often incorrect beliefs people have about people with mental illness.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 8
8
23. What is wrong with describing someone as being “schizophrenic”?

a. It implies someone is depressed.
b. Such a definitive diagnosis is rare.
c. The behavior of the schizophrenic changes so rapidly that this is only true a small percentage of
the time.
d. Labels should be applied to disorders, not to people.
Answer: d. Labels should be applied to disorders, not to people.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 8
24. Which of the following has been shown to reduce stigma of the mentally ill?
a. Educating people that a mental illness is a “real” brain disorder
b. Referring to a mental illness as a “mental disease”
c. Increasing contact with individuals who have a mental illness
d. Applying labels to individuals, such as “schizophrenic” or “bipolar”
Answer: c. Increasing contact with individuals who have a mental illness.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 10
25. What does the case of JGH, a Native American elder, illustrate?
a. Alcoholism has long lasting effects on mood and behavior, even when drinking has ceased.
b. A person may focus on somatic symptoms, rather than mood, when depressed.
c. Depression is not universal.
d. The symptoms of some illnesses are not apparent until after lengthy psychological evaluation.
Answer: b. A person may focus on somatic symptoms, rather than mood, when depressed.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 11
Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal and describe two
different culture-specific disorders.
25. What is a culture-specific disorder?

a. A disorder seen in all cultures
b. A disorder that is seen universally, but presents itself differently depending on cultural factors
c. A disorder that is a product of cultural stressors
d. A disorder seen only in certain cultures
Answer: d. A disorder seen only in certain cultures
Difficulty: 1
Page: 11
9
26. Practically speaking, “abnormal” behavior means

a. any behavior that is “away from the normal“ and causes any distress.
b. any behavior that causes the person distress.
c. any behavior that causes us to consider our values.
d. any behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which the person lives.
Answer: d. any behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which the person lives.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
27. Maria believes that her dead grandmother occasionally speaks to her. In deciding if Maria has a
mental illness or not, which of the following should first be evaluated?
a. How old is Maria?
b. Is Maria’s belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture?
c. Do people in general consider Maria’s belief to be abnormal?
d. Does her belief match any of the symptoms in the disorders in the DSM?
Answer: b. Is Maria’s belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture?
Difficulty: 1
Page: 11
28. Why is it important to know how many people have diagnosable mental illnesses?
a. Such information is needed to plan for the provision of adequate services.
b. The number of people with mental illness and the level of crime are highly correlated.
c. If the incidence of mental illness is rising, there needs to be a corresponding increase in the level
of funding for medical research.
d. Pharmaceutical companies need such information to ensure the appropriate level of drug
production.
Answer: a. Such information is needed to plan for the provision of adequate services.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
Learning Objective: 1.4: Distinguish between incidence and prevalence and identify the most common and
prevalent mental disorders.
29. ___________ refers to the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of a disorder in a given
population at a given point of time.
a. Point prevalence
b. Absolute prevalence
c. 1-year prevalence
d. Lifetime prevalence
Answer: a. Point prevalence.
Difficulty: 2
10
Page: 12
30. What is epidemiology?

a. The exploration of what forms of treatment are most effective
b. A form of psychotherapy
c. The study of the role of genes in mental illness
d. The study of the distribution of a disorder in a population
Answer: d. The study of the distribution of a disorder in a population
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
31. Mental health epidemiology is

a. the study of epidemics in mental disorders among the general population.
b. the study of organic brain diseases among different ethnic populations of a defined geographic
region.
c. the study of the distribution of mental disorders in a given population.
d. a sociological study of psychological disorders.
Answer: c. the study of the distribution of mental disorders in a given population.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 12
32. What does it mean if a disorder is said to be highly prevalent?

a. It is common.
b. It is not curable.
c. It is treatable.
d. It is contagious.
Answer: a. It is common.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
33. What type of prevalence estimate tends to be lowest?

a. Point prevalence
b. 1-year prevalence
c. Lifetime prevalence
d. Virtual prevalence
Answer: a. Point prevalence
11
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
34. ________ rates may be reported in terms of the lifetime risk of contracting a particular disorder.
a. Prevalence
b. Point prevalence
c. Point incidence
d. Incidence
Answer: a. Prevalence
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
35. Which of the following is an example of point prevalence?

a. Forty people had panic attacks in the last year.
b. Seventy people in one graduating class were diagnosed with anorexia at some time during the
past four years.
c. 1% of the population is currently experiencing depressive symptoms.
d. 15% of women will suffer from an anxiety disorder before the age of 30.
Answer: c. 1% of the population is currently experiencing depressive symptoms.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 12
36. What type of prevalence data only counts active cases of a disorder?
a. Point prevalence
d. All prevalence data count both those who have the disorder and those who have recovered.
Answer: a. Point prevalence
Difficulty: 2
Page: 12
37. The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year. The
mayor should ask an epidemiologist for the ________ of the disorder.
a. prevalence rate
b. incidence rate
c. point prevalence
d. acute occurrence
12
Answer: b. incidence rate
Difficulty: 2
Page: 13
38. What type of prevalence estimate tends to be highest?

a. Point prevalence
d. Virtual prevalence
Answer: c. Lifetime prevalence
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
39. What term refers to the number of new cases of a disorder that occur over a given time period?
a. Point prevalence
c. Incidence
d. Valence
Answer: c. Incidence
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
40. Why is it believed that the NCS-R survey used to estimate the prevalence of mental illness
underestimated that prevalence?
a. Most problems are acute.
b. Few people report symptoms of mental illness when completing surveys.
c. The incidence of comorbidity is too high.
d. Measures of several types of disorders were not included.
Answer: d. Measures of several types of disorders were not included.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 13
41. What is the most prevalent psychological disorder among adults in the United States?
a. Anxiety disorders
b. Mood disorders
c. Substance abuse disorders
d. Dissociative disorders
13
Answer: a. Anxiety disorders
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
42. What is important to remember about the apparent high lifetime rate of mental disorders?
a. Many people were probably misdiagnosed.
b. So many people have disorders that this has become a major health issue.
c. Many people with disorders are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a
short time.
d. A large majority of people with disorders seek treatment, so the problem is not as bad as it
seems.
Answer: c. Many people with disorders are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a
short time.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 13
43. What can be said about individuals who have a history of at least one serious psychological
disorder?
a. Most are effectively treated and never experience mental illness again.
b. Over 50 percent have two or more other disorders.
c. Few have a comorbid disorder.
d. Individuals who have sought treatment for one illness are unlikely to ever experience another.
Answer: b. Over 50 percent have two or more other disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 14
44. What individual mental disorder in the United States has the highest 1-Year Prevalence rate?
a. Major Depressive disorder
b. Alcohol Abuse
c. Specific Phobia
d. Social Phobia
Answer: c. Specific Phobia
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
45. What individual mental disorder in the United States has the highest Lifetime Prevalence rate?
a. Major Depressive disorder
b. Alcohol Abuse
c. Specific Phobia
14
d. Social Phobia
Answer: a. Major Depressive disorder
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
46. Comorbidity means ________

a. that a disorder is often fatal.
b. that a person has two or more disorders.
c. that a person has a more severe form of a disorder.
d. that a person is unlikely to recover from the disorder.
Answer: b. that a person has two or more disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 14
47. A major finding from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) was that ________
a. those people who have three or more comorbid disorders have one or more mild and transitory
disorders.
b. over half of the people with a history of one serious disorder had two or more comorbid
disorders.
c. people who have one mental disorder are unlikely to have a second comorbid disorder.
d. as people grow older they are more likely to have multiple severe disorders.
Answer: b. over half of the people with a history of one serious disorder had two or more comorbid
disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 13
48. Most mental health treatment ________
a. occurs in an outpatient setting.
b. requires an overnight stay.
c. does not involve professionals.
d. occurs in psychiatric hospitals.
Answer: a. occurs in an outpatient setting.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
49. Which of the following factors has a significant effect on the rates of severe mental illness among
Americans?
a. Family size
b. Gender
15
c. Geographical region of the country
d. Political affiliation
Answer: b. Gender
Difficulty: 1
Page: 14
50. Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest rates of severe mental illness?
a. American Indian
b. Hispanic
c. Black
d. Asian
Answer: a. American Indian
Difficulty: 1
Page: 14
51. Most people with psychological disorders ________

a. seek treatment as soon as they realize there is a problem.
b. recover only if they seek treatment.
c. delay seeking treatment, sometimes for many years.
d. exaggerate their symptoms so it takes longer for them to recover.
Answer: c. delay seeking treatment, sometimes for many years.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 15
52. The trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years means that ________
a. inpatient hospitalization in public institutions has increased.
b. people with psychological problems more often receive inpatient treatment than outpatient
treatment.
c. people are hospitalized more briefly and then treated on an outpatient basis.
d. the number of community services has skyrocketed.
Answer: c. people are hospitalized more briefly and then treated on an outpatient basis.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
53. Which of the following might work with mental health clients to help resolve family problems?
a. Clinical psychologist
b. Psychiatric nurse
16
c. Clinical social worker
d. Psychiatrist
Answer: c. Clinical social worker
Difficulty: 1
Page: 16
54. Which of the following mental health professionals prescribes medications and monitors the patient
for side effects?
a. Clinical psychologist
b. Psychiatrist
c. Counseling psychologist
d. Occupational therapist
Answer: b. psychiatrist
Difficulty: 1
Page: 16
55. A clinical social worker would provide a patient with help in which of the following areas?
a. Family therapy
b. Occupational therapy
c. Prescriptions
d. Clinical research
Answer: a. Family therapy
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
56. Which of the following conditions accounts for the biggest percentage of the global burden of
disease?
a. Tuberculosis
b. HIV/AIDS
c. Drug use disorders
d. Depressive disorders
Answer: d. Depressive disorders
Difficulty: 1
Page: 15
57. Describing a disorder as acute means that ________
a. it causes very severe distress and impairment.
17
b. it causes very mild distress and impairment.
c. it is a very long-lasting disorder.
d. it is a disorder that is short in duration.
Answer: d. it is a disorder that is short in duration.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 16
Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any
setting.
58. Why is it important to have some understanding of what causes a psychological disorder?
a. A disorder cannot be identified unless there is an understanding of where it came from.
b. All recognized disorders have known causes.
c. Biological treatments only work when a disorder has a biological cause.
d. The selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by assumptions about causality.
Answer: d. The selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by assumptions about causality.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
setting.
59. What does the term etiology mean relative to psychological disorders?
a. It concerns how culture fits in with psychological disorders.
b. It concerns how family fits in with psychological disorders.
c. It concerns the causes of psychological disorders.
d. It concerns the treatments for psychological disorders.
Answer: c. It concerns the causes of psychological disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
setting.
60. One strength of case studies is ________

a. they can help prove causal relationships between variables.
b. they can generate new ideas to explore.
c. they do not involve bias.
d. they are usually highly accurate.
Answer: b. they can generate new ideas to explore.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 17
Learning Objective: 1.6: Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental
disorders.
61. Why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies?

a. Case studies can provide little information about a disorder.
b. Few patients are willing to be used as case studies.
18
c. It is unethical.
d. Conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed.
Answer: d. Conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 17
disorders.
62. Which of the following typically involves having a patient or research participant fill out
questionnaires?
a. Case study method
b. Direct observation
c. Self-report data collection
d. Psychophysiological data collection
Answer: c. Self-report data collection
Difficulty: 1
Page: 18
disorders.
63. Which of the following typically involves the use of trained observers?
a. Case study method
b. Direct observation
c. Self-report data collection
d. Psychophysiological data collection
Answer: b. Direct observation
Difficulty: 1
Page: 18
disorders.
64. A psychologist reports a single case of a disorder, detailing the person’s feelings and responses. This
research strategy is
a. very strong and widely used in abnormal psychology.
b. rarely used in abnormal psychology because few people are willing to examine their own lives
closely.
c. weak because it rarely provides information we can generalize to others with the disorder.
d. weak because it confuses correlational data with experimental data.
Answer: c. weak because it rarely provides information we can generalize to others with the disorder.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 17
disorders.
19
65. Carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he has had several
arrests for driving while intoxicated, Carl reports that he has no problems with drinking. This is an
example of
a. the problems with self-report data.
b. the problems with case studies.
c. the problems of diagnosis.
d. the problems of forming hypotheses.
Answer: a. the problems with self-report data.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 18
disorders.
66. ________ are more or less plausible ideas used to explain something (e.g., a behavior) and can be
tested using research methods.
a. Observations
b. Hypotheses
c. Variables
d. Correlations
Answer: b. Hypotheses
Difficulty: 1
Page: 19
Learning Objective: 1.7: Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a
hypothesis.
67. An important first step in studying a particular disorder is ________

a. selecting the best case study for analysis.
b. determining the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder.
c. deciding upon the appropriate statistical analyses to use on the data to be collected.
d. selecting the appropriate subjects for study.
Answer: b. determining the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 20
hypothesis.
68. Upon deciding to study individuals with a given disorder, what is the next step that should be taken?
a. Select criteria for identifying individuals with the disorder.
b. Determine what treatment approach will be tested.
c. Establish which subjects will be the control group and which will be in the experimental group.
20
d. Gather survey data to determine where your subjects are most likely to reside.
Answer: a. Select criteria for identifying individuals with the disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 20
hypothesis.
69. Ideally, a sample should be what?

a. Random
b. Representative
c. Generalizable
d. Demographically pure
Answer: b. Representative
Difficulty: 1
Page: 20
hypothesis.
70. Why is a representative sample desirable?
a. Such samples are random.
b. Hypotheses can only be tested on representative samples.
c. Only representative samples yield meaningful results.
d. The more representative a sample is, the more generalizable the data.
Answer: d. The more representative a sample is, the more generalizable the data.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 20
hypothesis.
71. Dr. Katz is researching the causes of all phobias. He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for only
people who have an intense, distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study. The
major problem with this is
a. the people who come may not have a phobia.
b. his sample will be too small.
c. he is not getting a representative sample.
d. he doesn’t know if people are telling the truth about their fears or not.
Answer: c. he is not getting a representative sample.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 20
hypothesis.
72. Why would a researcher want to ensure that every person in the larger group of study has an equal
chance of being included in the sample?
a. It helps eliminate a correlational relationship.
b. It increases the chances of finding a causal relationship.
21
c. It provides important epidemiological information such as the prevalence and incidence of the
disorder.
d. It increases the researcher’s ability to generalize findings to the larger group.
Answer: d. It increases the researcher’s ability to generalize findings to the larger group.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 20
hypothesis.
73. A researcher interested in the health problems of people with schizophrenia interviews only those
people diagnosed with the disorder who are in an inpatient facility. The most glaring weakness in
this study is ________
a. the absence of correlational statistics.
b. the failure to use DSM-5 criteria for health problems.
c. having an inappropriate control group.
d. nonrepresentative sampling.
Answer: d. nonrepresentative sampling.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 20
hypothesis.
74. In Dr. Lu’s study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating
disorder and girls who did not have such problems. In this example, the girls with eating disorders
are the ________ group.
a. comparison
b. control
c. criterion
d. treatment
Answer: c. criterion
Difficulty: 1
Page: 21
hypothesis.
75. In Dr. Lu’s study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating
disorder and girls who did not have such problems. In this example, the girls without eating
disorders are the ________ group.
a. conforming
b. control
c. criterion
d. treatment
Answer: b. control
Difficulty: 1
Page: 21
22
hypothesis.
76. What is MTurk?

a. An online labor market that connects requesters with workers.
b. A method to make a correlational study more powerful.
c. The relationship between internal and external validity.
d. One method to create a valid sample from any population.
Answer: a. An online labor market that connects requesters with workers.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 19
hypothesis.
77. What is external validity?

a. The extent to which research findings are consistent with hypotheses.
b. The extent to which the sample equals the population.
c. The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the study.
d. A measure of how powerful the statistics being used are within a study.
Answer: c. The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the study.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 21
hypothesis.
78. To determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, and not just of people
with mental disorders, it is important to use
a. an experimental design.
b. a representative sample of individuals with the disorder.
c. a control group.
d. a criterion group.
Answer: c. a control group.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 21
hypothesis.
79. What is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders?
23
a. People who have an eating disorder and a wide range of educational backgrounds.
b. A group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except that they eat normally.
c. A group that is drawn from the sample of people with eating disorders.
d. People who used to have eating disorders but say they no longer do.
Answer: b. A group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except that they eat normally.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 21
hypothesis.
80. In what significant ways do correlational research designs differ from experimental research
designs?
a. Correlational research does not require the selection of a sample to study.
b. Correlational research does not generate hypotheses.
c. There is no comparison group in correlational research.
d. There is no manipulation of variables in correlational research.
Answer: d. There is no manipulation of variables in correlational research.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 22
Learning Objective: 1.8: Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot
be used to make causal inferences.
81. Why are correlational research designs often used in abnormal psychology?
a. They are best at determining cause and effect.
b. They are the most useful for comparing groups.
c. They give in-depth descriptions of the disorder being studied.
d. It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal
psychology.
Answer: d. It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal
psychology.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
82. What is the most important limitation of correlational studies?

a. They cannot determine cause and effect.
b. They are very subject to bias.
c. They rarely have representative samples.
d. They are very difficult to do.
Answer: a. They cannot determine cause and effect.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 22
24
83. Researchers have observed that women who wear bras for more than 16 hours a day are more likely
to develop breast cancer than those who spend less time in a bra. In other words, there is a
correlation between wearing a bra and breast cancer. Based on this finding, which of the following
statements is true?
a. Wearing a bra causes cancer.
b. All women should avoid wearing a bra for more than 16 hours a day.
c. There is no relationship between wearing a bra and breast cancer; these data are clearly flawed.
d. Some additional variable may serve to explain the relationship observed between wearing a bra
and developing cancer.
Answer: d. Some additional variable may serve to explain the relationship observed between wearing a bra
and developing cancer.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
84. Which of the following may be safely inferred when a significant negative correlation is found
between variables x and y?
a. x causes y
b. y causes x
c. as x increases, y increases
d. as x increases, y decreases
Answer: d. as x increases, y decreases
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
85. Dr. Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol
when they were young adolescents. Knowing this strong association we can conclude that ________
a. cigarette smoking causes drinking, which causes heroin addiction.
b. if cigarette smoking and drinking could be stopped in adolescence, heroin addiction would be
stopped too.
c. heroin addiction is caused by the same factors that cause early smoking and drinking.
d. there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.
Answer: d. there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.
Difficulty: 2
25
Page: 22
86. Individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have
alcohol problems. This would suggest that ________
a. genetic factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems.
b. environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems.
c. both genetic and environmental factors cause an individual to have problems.
d. although there is an association, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded.
Answer: d. although there is an association, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 22
87. Dr. Francis has discovered that the more spaghetti people eat, the less likely they are to be
diagnosed with depression. Based on this finding, what statement can be made about the relationship
between spaghetti and depression?
a. There is a positive correlation between spaghetti eating and depression.
b. There is a negative correlation between spaghetti eating and depression.
c. Spaghetti prevents depression.
d. There is no relationship between spaghetti eating and depression.
Answer: b. There is a negative correlation between spaghetti eating and depression.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
88. It has been demonstrated that those who were prenatally exposed to the influenza virus are more
likely to develop schizophrenia. In other words, prenatal exposure to the influenza virus is ________
correlated with developing schizophrenia.
a. not
b. randomly
c. negatively
d. positively
Answer: d. positively
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
26
89. A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y. Which of the following may
be safely inferred?
a. x causes y
b. y causes x
c. as x increases, y increases
d. as x increases, y decreases
Answer: c. as x increases, y increases
Difficulty: 2
Page: 22
90. What does the notation p < .05 next to a correlation mean?
a. The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 95 out of 100
b. The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 5 out of 100
c. The probability that a positive correlation will be found purely by chance
d. The probability that a negative correlation will be found purely by chance
Answer: b. The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 5 out of 100
Difficulty: 2
Page: 23
91. Which of the following terms is defined as the size of the association between two variables
independent of the sample size?
a. Statistical significance
b. Clinical significance
c. Effect size
d. Association size
Answer: c. Effect size
Difficulty: 2
Page: 23
27
92. What is the term for the statistical approach that calculates and then combines the effect sizes from
multiple studies?
a. Meta-analysis
b. Effect analysis
c. Multiple-effect analysis
d. Correlational analysis
Answer: a. Meta-analysis
Difficulty: 2
Page: 24
93. Which research approach requires subjects to recall the past?

a. Reconstructive
b. Repressed
c. Retroactive
d. Retrospective
Answer: d. Retrospective
Difficulty: 1
Page: 24
94. A researcher says, “These studies make it too easy for investigators to find the background factors
they expect to find. However, they would be more valid if we found documents like school reports
that show the background factor before the disorder emerges.” What kind of research strategy is the
researcher referring to?
a. Prospective strategies
b. N=1 strategies
c. Retrospective strategies
d. Analogue studies
Answer: c. Retrospective strategies
Difficulty: 2
Page: 25
28
95. What type of research design begins with the identification of individuals who are likely to develop
a particular disorder?
a. Correlational
b. Experimental
c. Prospective
d. Retrospective
Answer: c. Prospective
Difficulty: 1
Page: 25
96. In most prospective studies, ________

a. large samples of individuals are interviewed to see if there are any risk factors that differentiate
those with the disorder of interest.
b. children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up.
c. analogue research is used because of the ethical problems with other experimental research.
d. a representative sample of a general population of adults is used.
Answer: b. children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 25
97. A researcher who provides a certain treatment for one group and withholds treatment from a
completely comparable group is using the ________ research method.
a. correlational
b. epidemiological
c. case study
d. experimental
Answer: d. experimental
Difficulty: 1
Page: 25
Learning Objective: 1.9: Explain the key features of an experimental design.
29
98. A researcher who studies children who are home-schooled and compares them to children who
attend school is using the ________ research method.
a. correlational
b. epidemiological
c. case study
d. experimental
Answer: a. correlational
Difficulty: 3
Page: 25
99. Which variable is manipulated in an experiment?

a. Comparison
b. Criterion
c. Dependent
d. Independent
Answer: d. Independent
Difficulty: 1
Page: 25
100. In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the ice cream can be described as what?
a. The dependent variable
b. The independent variable
c. A correlational variable
d. A confounding variable
Answer: b. The independent variable
Difficulty: 1
Page: 25
101. In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described
as what?
a. The dependent variable
b. The independent variable
c. A correlational variable
d. A confounding variable
Answer: a. The dependent variable
Difficulty: 1
Page: 25
30
102. Which of the following is an example of an ABAB design?
a. Half of the subjects receive one treatment and the other half are not treated.
b. All subjects received one of two treatments.
c. A subject is observed and treated.
d. A subject is observed both before and after two exposures to the treatment.
Answer: d. A subject is observed both before and after two exposures to the treatment.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 28
103. Fred refuses to speak at school, although he speaks normally at home. His therapist plans out a
treatment where Fred is given a gold star every time he answers his teacher, and he can then trade in
his stars for prizes. Fred begins speaking in class. The therapist then tells the teacher to stop the
program for a couple of weeks. Fred stops talking during that time. The teacher then starts giving
Fred stars again, and Fred again begins to talk. This is an example of ________
a. a case study.
b. a correlational study.
c. an ABAB experimental design study.
d. a self-report study.
Answer: c. an ABAB experimental design study.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 28
104. What is the value of using an ABAB design?

a. It permits the study of the effects of multiple forms of treatment on a single subject.
b. Subjects can be selected randomly.
c. The effects of a single form of treatment are studied twice in the same subject.
d. Generalizability is ensured.
Answer: c. The effects of a single form of treatment are studied twice in the same subject.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 28
31
105. A psychologist wishes to test the hypothesis that the experience of chronic physical pain can cause
clinical depression, but the Ethics Committee of his university will not allow him to conduct a study
in which he inflicts pain on the subjects. What kind of research design might best allow the
psychologist to test this hypothesis while circumventing the committee’s objection?
a. Experimental
b. Prospective
c. Analogue
d. Longitudinal
Answer: c. Analogue
Difficulty: 3
Page: 29
106. Which of the following is an example of an analogue study?

a. Families with a history of schizophrenia are compared to families with no family history of
mental illness.
b. Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome.
c. Blood is taken from a group of individuals with panic disorder both before and after viewing a
disturbing film.
d. Survey data is examined to determine the prevalence of mental illness.
Answer: b. Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 29
107. Dr. Brown wants to study social phobia. She induces temporary anxiety by having normal subjects
believe they will be negatively evaluated by another person. This is an example of
a. a path analysis.
b. an analogue study.
c. an experimental epidemiological study.
d. a correlational study.
Answer: b. an analogue study.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 29
32
108. What did Seligman find by studying dogs exposed to uncontrollable shock?
a. Seligman demonstrated that dogs can get depressed.
b. Seligman found that the dogs became aggressive.
c. Seligman found that uncontrollable shock led the dogs to behave much like depressed humans.
d. Seligman found that the exposure to the shock altered the level of brain chemicals known to be
involved in depression.
Answer: c. Seligman found that uncontrollable shock led the dogs to behave much like depressed humans.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 29
109. A major scientific problem with analogue studies is ________

a. the difficulty of disentangling intercorrelated factors.
b. the difficulty of manipulating variables in a laboratory.
c. the inability to draw causal inferences from such studies.
d. the difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occurring phenomenon.
Answer: d. the difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occurring phenomenon.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 29
110. Random assignment means ________

a. most research participants have a chance at being placed within the no-treatment condition.
b. most research participants have a chance at being placed within the treatment condition.
c. every research participant has a chance of being placed within the treatment or no-treatment
condition.
d. every research participant has a chance of being placed within the treatment condition.
Answer: c. every research participant has a chance of being placed within the treatment or no-treatment
condition.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 26
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
111. _______________are automatic beliefs concerning other people based on little information.
Answer: Stereotypes
Difficulty: 1
Page: 8
33
112. The number of people who have suffered from a particular disorder at any time in their lives is
__________.
Answer: lifetime prevalence
Difficulty: 1
Page: 13
113. When mental disorders are short in duration, they are known as acute. When they are long in
duration, they are __________.
Answer: chronic
Difficulty: 1
Page: 16
setting.
114. If the score on one variable is high and the score on another variable is low, this is known as a
__________ correlation.
Answer: negative
Difficulty: 1
Page: 22
115. ______________are used to study questions that would not be possible to study with human
subjects.
Answer: Analogue studies
Difficulty: 1
Page: 29
Short-Answer Questions
116. Why is it difficult to agree on a definition of abnormal behavior?

Answer: There are no sufficient or necessary conditions. Also, what is abnormal at one point in time may
no longer be considered abnormal at another time.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 3
34
117. What are the benefits of classifying mental disorders?
Answer: Most sciences rely on classification to provide nomenclature, to structure information, and
facilitate research.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 8
118. Discuss one disadvantage of developing a classification system for mental disorders.
Answer: Multiple possible answers: 1. There is a loss of information when a classification scheme is applied
to behavior, as will happen when any single word is used to convey something as complex as a mental
disorder. 2. In addition, there may be some stigma attached to receiving a psychiatric diagnosis. 3.
Stereotyping may occur, leading to incorrect assumptions about and expectations of an individual who has
received a psychiatric diagnosis.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 8
119. Explain what a culture-specific disorder is and provide an example of one.
Answer: A culture-specific disorder is a disorder that occurs most commonly in or exclusively in a specific
culture. While many disorders may present themselves differently in different cultures, these are disorders
that are unique to a particular culture. Koro, a disorder seen most commonly in young Asian males, is one
example. This anxiety disorder is characterized by an extreme fear that a body part is shrinking.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 11
120. What is mental health epidemiology? How is it studied?
Answer: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of a health-related problem within a population.
Mental health epidemiology is the distribution and frequency of mental disorders. A key element in
studying this is the frequency of mental disorder, which includes prevalence rates.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 12
121. Discuss the difference between prevalence and incidence.
Answer: Prevalence is the number of active cases of a disorder in a given population during a given period
of time. Incidence is the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 12
35
122. What is comorbidity?

Answer: The presence of two of more disorders in the same person. This is common in serious mental
disorders, rarer for mild disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 14
123. Briefly discuss why research in abnormal psychology is important.

Answer: Through the use of research, the characteristics of disorders can be studied and our understanding
of the etiology of disorders is furthered. In addition, research must be used to determine the effectiveness
of treatment.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 16
setting.
124. What is a case study and what are its benefits and drawbacks?
Answer: An in-depth, detailed account of a single case. They are good sources of research ideas and
hypotheses. However, information from them does not generalize. They are uncontrolled and often
impressionistic, so any conclusions drawn may be incorrect.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 17
disorders.
125. Discuss the limitations of self-report data.

Answer: Can be misleading, sometimes deliberately lie, misinterpret questions or try to present themselves
more favorably or less favorably than is true.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 18
disorders.
126. What is sampling and why is it important?

Answer: Sampling is the procedure used to select subjects to study. As it is not possible to study all of the
population of interest, a subset of the population is selected. The sample studied needs to resemble the
larger population on all relevant variables so that findings made when studying the sample can be
generalized to the population. In other words, results obtained with a sample should provide accurate
information about the larger population.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 20
36
hypothesis.
127. What is an analogue study?

Answer: A study of an approximation of the real thing in which the researcher is interested. Often done if
studying the real thing is difficult or it would be unethical to manipulate the variables of interest.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 29
Essay Questions
128. Discuss some of the difficulties involved in attempting to define abnormal behavior.
Answer: “Abnormal” presupposes some norm from which behavior deviates, but there is no definition of
“normal” about which people can all agree. Abnormal is also related to behavior that is deemed undesirable
by society. Value issues therefore always complicate the objective definition of disorders. What, exactly,
comprises distress, disability, or dysfunction is also difficult to define. In addition, definitions of
abnormality vary not only with culture, but over time. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 points for
each difficulty discussed.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 3
129. What is the DSM and what is the definition of a mental disorder for the DSM-5?
Answer: The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The DSM is published by
the American Psychiatric Association and provides information to be used in identifying mental disorders.
The DSM does not provide information as to the cause of mental disorders. A mental disorder, according
to the DSM-5, is a syndrome that occurs in an individual and involves clinically significant disturbance in
behavior, emotion regulation, or cognitive functioning. These disturbances are thought to reflect an
underlying biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction, the consequences of which are
clinically significant distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (impairment in one or more important
areas of functioning such as social, occupational, or other activities). It must not be a merely expected
response to common stressors and losses (for example the loss of a loved one) or a culturally sanctioned
response to a particular event (for example, trance states in religious rituals). It is not primarily a result of
social deviance or conflicts with society. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 points for what DSM stands
for, 2 points for explaining what it is, 4 points for correct definition of “mental disorder.”
Difficulty: 1
Page: 7
37
130. What is an observational research design and how can such an approach further our understanding
of abnormal behavior. What limitations are there of such designs and how can these be overcome?
Answer: When an observational research design is employed, no manipulation is made, and data is merely
gathered on the subject or subjects of interest. A group that is at risk for some disorder or one that has a
particular disorder may be studied in order to gather information as to the factors that might influence the
development of the disorder or the progression of the disorder. Just as a control group is used in an
experiment, a control group must be used when conducting observational research. It is important, however,
to recognize that no conclusions can be made about cause and effect. Correlational data, observing that two
factors are related, does not permit such conclusions to be made as other factors may be the true cause for
the observed relationship. For example, if a researcher observes a correlation between obesity and
depression, it can’t be concluded that depression causes obesity or that obesity causes depression. While
either may be true, it cannot be determined from such data. In addition to these obvious causal connections,
there could be additional factors that are causing both problems. Thus, while observational research designs
provide information as to how things are related, no conclusions can be made as to cause and effect.
GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points for explaining observational research design, 2 points for
how it can be used, 3 points for limitations, 3 points for how limitations can be overcome.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 18
disorders.
131. Describe the retrospective and prospective research designs. What are the benefits and problems of
these designs?
Answer: Retrospective: Study people with a disorder by collecting information about their lives before they
became sick. Problem is faulty and selective memory, bias on the part of the person and the researcher.
Prospective: Find people with high risk of developing a disorder before they have it, measure variables
ahead of time and track the person to see who develops the disorder. Problem: Can’t know how many will
develop the disorder; small sample size. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, 5 points each.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 24-25
132. Describe the ABAB research design and give an example.

Answer: A type of single case research design. A way of using case study to develop and test therapy
techniques within a scientific framework. The same subject is studied over time. Phase A - collect
information about the subject but don’t intervene. Phase B - intervention. Repeating the phases tells whether
it is what was done in the B phase that produced any changes. Many possible examples. GRADING
RUBRIC: 10 points - 5 for description, 5 for example.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 28
38
TOTAL
GUIDE Revel Multiple Choice Assessments
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze It
Learning Objective 1.1 EOM_Q1.1.4 EOM_Q1.1.3 EOM_Q1.1.2 EOM_Q1.1.1
EOM_Q1.1.5 EOC Q1.2
EOC Q1.1
Learning Objective 1.2 EOM Q1.2.1 EOM Q1.2.4 EOM Q1.2.2
EOM Q1.2.3 EOC Q1.4 EOC Q1.3
EOM Q1.2.4
EOC Q1.5
EOC Q1.6 EOC Q1.7
Learning Objective 1.5 EOM Q1.5.1
EOM Q1.5.2
EOM Q1.5.3
EOC Q1.8
EOC Q1.9
Learning Objective 1.7 EOC Q1.10 EOM Q1.7.1 EOM Q1.7.2
EOM Q1.7.3 EOC Q1.11
EOC Q1.12 EOC Q1.13
Learning Objective 1.9 EOM Q1.9.1 EOM Q1.9.2 EOM Q1.9.3 EOM Q1.9.4
EOM Q1.9.5 EOC Q1.14
EOC Q1.15
Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions

End-of-Module Quiz
EOM_Q1.1.1
Consider the criterion of subjective distress in the determination of a mental disorder. Which statement best
describes its usefulness in deciding whether a given situation is “abnormal?”
a. Subjective distress is not a sufficient or necessary condition for us to consider something as
abnormal.
b. Subjective distress is necessary but not a sufficient condition for us to consider something as
abnormal.
c. Subjective distress is not necessary but is a sufficient condition for us to consider something as
abnormal.
d. In order to consider something as abnormal, its subjective distress is both necessary and sufficient.
Answer: a. Subjective distress is not a sufficient or necessary condition for us to consider something as
abnormal.
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Analyze It
39
EOM_Q1.1.2
The vast majority of people have not climbed to the peak of Mount Everest. Those who have represent a
very small portion of the total population, but they would not be labeled as abnormal for having done so.
This demonstrates the pitfall of using ________ as a lone criterion of abnormality.
a. statistical deviancy
b. subjective distress
c. maladaptiveness
d. dangerousness
Answer: a. statistical deviancy
Difficulty: 2
EOM_Q1.1.3
Which symptom represents the irrationality and unpredictability criterion of abnormality?
a. A person who begins to speak in rhymes instead of using coherent sentences.
b. A person who rides a roller coaster with their hands over their head, screaming in delight throughout
the ride.
c. A person who adheres to a religion that is not regarded as being mainstream in her cultural
surroundings.
d. A person who is able to hold their breath under water for 3 full minutes.
Answer: a. A person who begins to speak in rhymes instead of using coherent sentences.
Difficulty: 1
EOM_Q1.1.4
The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ________, was
published in 2013.
a. DSM-5
b. DSM-IV-TR
c. DSM-III-R
d. DSM-7.1
Answer: a. DSM-5
Difficulty: 1
40
EOM_Q1.1.5
What is meant by the statement that the development of the most recent version of the DSM was based on
some contradictory themes?
a. The process sought to maintain continuity with the previous edition while also placing no limits on
the changes that were needed.
b. The new DSM significantly reduced the number of identified mental disorders in an era where
mental illness appears to be increasing.
c. The most recent DSM has separated diagnoses into those that are deemed “treatable” and those that
are called “untreatable.”
d. Diagnostic categories that have been validated by years of research were removed from the latest
DSM because insurance companies refused to pay for the treatment of these conditions.
Answer: a. The process sought to maintain continuity with the previous edition while also placing no limits
on the changes that were needed.
Difficulty: 3
EOM Q1.2.1
At its most fundamental level, the classification of mental disorders gives us a _________, which provide(s)
clinicians with a common language and shorthand terms for complex clinical situations.
a. nomenclature
b. stigma
c. stereotype
d. set of assessment tools
Answer: a. nomenclature
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q1.2.2
Marlon has been diagnosed with a learning disability, and every other day leaves his 4th grade class to work
with a specialist to enhance his understanding of mathematics. He is worried that his classmates will find
out about his diagnosis and that they will tease him for it. Marlon is most worried about the ________
associated with the classification of a psychological problem.
a. stigma
b. nomenclature
c. validity
d. reliability
Answer: a. stigma
Difficulty: 1
41
EOM Q1.2.3
Automatic beliefs concerning other people that we learn as we grow up in a given culture are called
________.
a. stereotypes
b. prejudices
c. nomenclatures
d. discriminations
Answer: a. stereotypes
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.2.4
Goodwin (2014) analyzed 55 horror movies made between 2000 and 2012, and found that murderers are
most often people who are depicted as suffering from ________.
a. psychosis
b. depression
c. a personality disorder
d. bipolar disorder
Answer: a. psychosis
Difficulty: 3
EOM Q1.2.5
Which of the following would be the best use of language to describe a person who has been diagnosed
with a psychiatric condition?
a. A 23-year old person with schizophrenia
b. A 40-year old manic-depressive
c. A 15-year old anorexic
d. A 65-year old insomniac
Answer: a. A 23-year old person with schizophrenia
Difficulty: 1
42
EOM Q1.3.1
Which of the following examples best demonstrates how cultural variations impact the way in which one
views and defines a mental disorder?
a. People from Christian countries often believe that the number 13 is unlucky, while Japanese people
are more likely to avoid the number 4.
b. A person who grew up in Texas may use regional dialects that are different from someone who grew
up in New England.
c. People in Mexico may take an hour or two off in the middle of the day, a custom known as siesta.
d. There are no cultures in the world where homosexuality is regarded as the expected, primary sexual
orientation.
Answer: a. People from Christian countries often believe that the number 13 is unlucky, while Japanese
people are more likely to avoid the number 4.
Difficulty: 3
EOM Q1.3.2
A person who goes to a therapist and describes themselves as being depressed would most likely be from
which culture?
a. European American
b. Native American
c. Native Alaskan
d. Southeast Asian
Answer: a. European American
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q1.3.3
José’s father, Bastian, immigrated to America from the Caribbean ten years ago. Two months ago, Bastian’s
wife died after a lengthy battle with cancer. Bastian has recently been displaying crying fits, seizure-like
episodes and, at times, aggressive behaviors. Medical professionals have been unable to identify a physical
cause for Bastian’s stress. Caribbean family members suspect that Bastian is suffering from __________.
a. ataque de nervios
b. jinjinia bemar
c. windigo
d. mal de ojo
Answer: a. ataque de nervios
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.4.1
43
The term ________ refers to the number of active cases of a given condition or disorder that occurs during
a given period of time.
a. prevalence
b. incidence
c. epidemic
d. standard
Answer: a. prevalence
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q1.4.2
Why is there no comprehensive lifetime prevalence data regarding diagnosis of disorders as spelled out in
the DSM-5?
a. The manual has not been in use long enough to gather those data.
b. The American Psychiatric Association has not allowed the data to be released to the public.
c. Insurance companies are unwilling to let the general public be informed about overall prevalence
rates of psychiatric disorders.
d. It is unethical to collect data on such prevalence rates according to a single diagnostic system.
Answer: a. The manual has not been in use long enough to gather those data.
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q1.4.3
According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which person would be most likely
to suffer from more than one diagnosable psychiatric condition?
a. Annabelle, who has been diagnosed with severe panic disorder and depression.
b. Brian, who has been diagnosed with moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. Charlene, who has been diagnosed with mild bipolar and generalized anxiety disorder.
d. Dominic, whose therapist has yet to make a definitive diagnosis to describe his symptoms.
Answer: a. Annabelle, who has been diagnosed with severe panic disorder and depression.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.5.1
44
While a(n) ________ condition is somewhat short in duration, a(n) ________ condition lasts for a longer
period of time.
a. acute; chronic
b. distal; proximal
c. primary; secondary
d. explicit; implicit
Answer: a. acute; chronic
Difficulty: 1
setting.
EOM Q1.5.2
What is a main reason why our understanding of mental disorders has grown so much over time?
a. The methodologies used to study these conditions is constantly expanding and improving.
b. We no longer rely on nonexperimental techniques to study these illnesses.
c. The ethical restrictions that used to prevent such research are no longer in place.
d. Research journals have finally started publishing data related to the incidence and prevalence of
psychiatric conditions.
Answer: a. The methodologies used to study these conditions is constantly expanding and improving.
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Understand the Concept
setting.
EOM Q1.5.3
Which of the following statements best reflects Kazdin’s quote about research methodology?
a. Research methodology consistently reflects prevailing cultural interests and values.
b. Research methodology is an approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge.
c. Research methodology is simply a compilation of practices and procedures.
d. Research methodology is often plagued with scientist bias and assumptions.
Answer: a. Research methodology consistently reflects prevailing cultural interests and values.
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Understand the Concept
setting.
EOM Q1.6.1
45
Why are case studies subject to the effects of bias?
a. The writer of the case study selects what information to include and omit.
b. They do not lend themselves to statistical analysis, which is needed to eliminate bias.
c. They cannot use random assignment for the elimination of the effects of confounding variables.
d. People responding to the questions of a case study may give answers that they think you want to
hear rather than being truly honest.
Answer: a. The writer of the case study selects what information to include and omit.
Difficulty: 2
disorders.
EOM Q1.6.2
One of the problems with case study research is the issue of ________, or the extent to which findings in
that one study can be used to draw conclusions about other, similar cases.
a. generalizability
b. internal validity
c. standardization
d. statistical relevance
Answer: a. generalizability
Difficulty: 1
disorders.
EOM Q1.6.3
Theresa, a developmental psychologist is studying nurturing play among preschool girls. She has been
trained in observing certain nurturing behaviors in young girls. Theresa observes girls playing on their
preschool playground and records the number of times the girls, hug, hold hands, and wave at each other.
This type of observation is called ________.
a. direct observation
b. indirect observation
c. guided observation
d. natural observation
Answer: a. direct observation
Difficulty: 2
disorders.
46
EOM Q1.7.1
What distinguishes scientific hypotheses from everyday vague speculation?
a. Scientists attempt to test their hypotheses with appropriate methodologies.
b. Hypotheses always become theories, while speculation usually leads to no further consideration.
c. Hypotheses are generally correct, while speculation is generally inaccurate.
d. Hypotheses are made based on theoretical data while speculation is a result of real live observations.
Answer: a. Scientists attempt to test their hypotheses with appropriate methodologies.
Difficulty: 2
hypothesis.
EOM Q1.7.2
Dr. Ray has just conducted a study examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors among non-heterosexual
teenagers. He is very confident that the results of his study are accurate. Dr. Ray would thus say that his
study has high ________.
a. internal validity
b. external validity
c. interrater reliability
d. test-retest reliability
Answer: a. internal validity
Difficulty: 2
hypothesis.
EOM Q1.7.3
What is the difference between a comparison group and a criterion group in abnormal psychology research?
a. The comparison group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while
people in the criterion group do.
b. The criterion group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while people in
the comparison group do.
c. The comparison group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder
is given, while those in the criterion group are studied after the treatment has been given.
d. The criterion group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder is
given, while those in the comparison group are studied after the treatment has been given.
Answer: a. The comparison group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while
people in the criterion group do.
Difficulty: 2
hypothesis.
47
EOM Q1.8.1
When someone says that the findings of a given study are statistically significant, what are you being told?
a. The study’s findings were rather unlikely to have occurred by chance.
b. The data gathered were capable of being analyzed using known statistical methods.
c. There was a strong association between the two research variables that was independent of the size
of the sample.
d. The movement of one variable is a direct predictor of the movement of a second variable.
Answer: a. The study’s findings were rather unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.8.2
Why is a meta-analysis a better way to summarize research findings than a standard literature review?
a. The meta-analysis uses effect sizes from many different research studies.
b. A meta-analysis has statistical significance, while a literature review does not.
c. A meta-analysis is a form of experimental research, while a literature review is only correlational in
design.
d. A meta-analysis uses actual research participants while a literature review does not.
Answer: a. The meta-analysis uses effect sizes from many different research studies.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.8.3
Courtney recently learned about a correlational study that revealed that 40 percent of persons diagnosed
with schizophrenia are also left-handed. What can be assumed about schizophrenia and left-handedness on
the basis of this information?
a. A positive correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being
left-handed.
b. Being left-handed may cause schizophrenia.
c. A negative correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being
left-handed.
d. Left-handed persons are more likely to have psychological problems.
Answer: a. A positive correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and
being left-handed.
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Analyze It
EOM Q1.9.1
48
In experimental research, a phenomenon that is observed—the outcome variable of interest—is called the
________ variable.
a. dependent
b. independent
c. extraneous
d. confounding
Answer: a. dependent
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q1.9.2
Why does experimental research allow for conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between
variables?
a. There is manipulation of one variable and then observation of how another variable is affected.
b. This type of research allows for the elimination of a control group.
c. It is the only type of research that gathers data capable of being analyzed statistically.
d. It allows for the determination of a correlational coefficient that describes the relationship between
two variables.
Answer: a. There is manipulation of one variable and then observation of how another variable is affected.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.9.3
An experimenter wants to make sure that all of her participant groups are as similar as possible before the
intervention being researched is applied. She takes her pool of participants and divides them into four
different groups, making sure that each person has the same chance of being placed in any of those groups.
What is the name for the procedure used to keep these groups approximately equivalent?
a. Random assignment
b. Random selection
c. Snowball sampling
d. Representative sampling
Answer: a. Random assignment
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q1.9.4
49
What is the central feature of a single-case research design that employs the experimental method?
a. The same individual is studied over time, perhaps before and after a specific treatment has been
applied.
b. Records about a single individual are studied in-depth after that person’s death to determine the
nature of their psychological challenges.
c. Two variables are measured as they applied to a single person, allowing for the calculation of an
individual correlation coefficient.
d. Two or more different experimental groups are designed, each with one participant. This helps
eliminate external variables from influencing the research.
Answer: a. The same individual is studied over time, perhaps before and after a specific treatment has been
applied.
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Analyze It
EOM Q1.9.5
A(n) ________ study uses an approximation of a given topic as the central focus of the research. This might
involve using animals and then generalizing from their behaviors to those that may be seen in human beings.
a. analogue
b. comparative
c. zoological
d. quasi-experimental
Answer: a. analogue
Difficulty: 2
End-of-Chapter Quiz
EOC Q1.1
Prior to 1974, homosexuality was included in the DSM and classified as a mental disorder. The removal of
homosexuality from the DSM is an example of ________
a. how social or cultural shifts affect how we define abnormality.
b. the impact of biological explanations on understanding human behavior.
c. the recognition by the American Psychiatric Association that homosexual persons are not
dangerous.
d. the failure of psychological assessment to find consistent indicators of abnormality with homosexual
populations.
Answer: a. how social or cultural shifts affect how we define abnormality.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
EOC Q1.2
50
During his abnormal psychology class exam, Peter began to pound the desk and make loud quacking noises.
His classmates cast worried glances at the professor as Peter continued to quack and pound the desk. Which
of the indicators of abnormality presented in your text best represents Peter’s behaviors?
a. Dangerousness
b. Irrationality and unpredictability
c. Statistical deviancy
d. Subjective distress
Answer: a. Dangerousness
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
EOC Q1.3
How has the effort to educate the public to the fact that mental illness is a neurological disorder impacted
the amount of stigma associated with the diagnosis?
a. Being more aware of the origins of mental illness does not reduce the stigma associated with mental
illness.
b. Awareness of the causes of mental illness has led to a reduction in the amount of stigma associated
with mental illness.
c. Most persons are skeptical of scientific findings and do not fully embrace the concept of
neurologically based mental illnesses and therefore maintain their original beliefs about mental
illness.
d. Media-based mental illness stereotypes militate against any efforts at educating the public about
biologically based mental illness.
Answer: a. Being more aware of the origins of mental illness does not reduce the stigma associated with
mental illness.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification.
EOC Q1.4
Which groups are most likely not to seek out mental health treatment as the result of perceived stigma?
a. Younger people, men, and ethnic minorities
b. Older people and ethnic minorities
c. Highly educated women and men
d. Working, married persons
Answer: a. Younger people, men, and ethnic minorities
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification.
51
EOC Q1.5
Some forms of psychopathology are culture-bound. For example, in Japan, an anxiety disorder called
__________ involves a marked fear that one’s body, body parts, or body functions may offend or embarrass
others.
a. taijin kyofusho
b. koro
c. dhat
d. shenkui
Answer: a. taijin kyofusho
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal and describe two different
culture-specific disorders
EOC Q1.6
In epidemiological work, the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time is called
_________.
a. incidence.
b. prevalence.
c. ratio.
d. estimate.
Answer: a. incidence
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence and name the most common and
EOC Q1.7
Dr. Lopez wants to study the prevalence of schizophrenia with the population living in the south side of
Chicago. He plans to count the number of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia that are living there on
February 1. Individuals diagnosed before or after February 1 will not be included in the count. This method
of evaluating the prevalence of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia in the south side population is called
a(n) _________.
a. point prevalence
b. period prevalence
c. 1-year prevalence
d. lifetime prevalence
Answer: a. point prevalence
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence and name the most common and
52
EOC Q1.8
Dante is interested in understanding the causes of autism spectrum disorder. In other words, he is interested
in studying the ______ of autism spectrum disorder.
a. etiology
b. prevalence
c. incidence
d. comorbidity
Answer: a. etiology
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting.
EOC Q1.9
_______ is a method for studying the brain that involves generating a magnetic field on the surface of the
head and stimulating underlying brain tissue.
a. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
b. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
c. Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
d. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST)
Answer: a. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental
disorders.
EOC Q1.10
__________ refers to the extent to which one can generalize the research results obtained from the sample
population to other populations.
a. External validity
b. Internal validity
c. Construct validity
d. Diagnostic validity
Answer: a. External validity
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a
hypothesis.
53
EOC Q1.11
Dr. Ratzinger has hypothesized that thimerosal vaccines cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He
compares a group of children who received the thimerosal vaccine and have been diagnosed with ASD to
a group of children who received the thimerosal but do not have a diagnosis of ASD. The group of children
with diagnosis of ASD is referred to as the __________ group; the group of children that does not have the
diagnosis is referred to as the _______ group.
a. criterion; comparison
b. treatment; control
c. standard; comparison
d. experimental; criterion
Answer: a. criterion; comparison
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a
hypothesis.
EOC Q1.12
Which of the following statements describes what a correlation is?
a. Correlational research compares groups on a variety of measures and does not involve the
manipulation of variables.
b. Correlational research involves holding certain variables constant in two or more groups,
manipulating a single variable in one of the groups and assessing for specified differences between
the groups.
c. Correlational research is a cost-effective way of proving cause and effect relationships.
d. A positive correlation reflects variable increases in a criterion group to variable decreases in a
comparison group.
Answer: a. Correlational research compares groups on a variety of measures and does not involve the
manipulation of variables.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot
EOC Q1.13
The strength of a correlation is measured by _________.
a. a correlation coefficient, which is denoted by the symbol r.
b. a reliability value, which is denoted by the symbol r.
c. a measure of statistical significance called a p-value, which is denoted by the symbol p.
d. stating the results as a negative number that suggests a weak correlation or a positive number that
suggests a strong correlation.
Answer: a. a correlation coefficient, which is denoted by the symbol r.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot
54
EOC Q1.14
Professor Gonzalez studied the relationship between breast milk versus formula feeding during infancy to
children’s IQ at age seven using a population of 100 children. Professor Gonzalez found that children who
had been breastfed during infancy had significantly higher IQ scores compared to those who had been
formula fed. Professor Patel repeated Gonzalez’s research using 200 children in his study and found no
significant differences in IQ score in terms of whether the child had had breast milk or formula during
infancy. What concept could explain the marked differences in results of the two researchers?
a. Effect size
b. Demand characteristics
c. Population attrition
d. Retrospective shifts
Answer: a. Effect size
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design.
EOC Q1.15
The rationale for providing a return to baseline during the second A phase of an ABAB research design is
to _________.
a. demonstrate that the behavior observed during the first B phase is attainable once again during the
second B phase.
b. demonstrate that the behavior observed during the first A phase is attainable once again during the
second A phase.
c. allow subjects a recovery period prior to engaging in treatment again.
d. evaluate for the presence of potential experimental confounds.
Answer: a. demonstrate that the behavior observed during the first B phase is attainable once again during
the second B phase.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design.
55
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
"The curious case of Eric P. Loder affords one more instance of the
strange manner in which some power beyond our puny human wills
arranges the affairs of men. Call it Providence—call it Destiny——"
"We'll call it off," said Bayes; "you can leave out that part."
Lord Peter groaned and began again.
"Well, the first thing that made me feel a bit inquisitive about Loder
was a casual remark by a man at the Emigration Office in New York
where I happened to go about that silly affair of Mrs. Bilt's. He said,
'What on earth is Eric Loder going to do in Australia? I should have
thought Europe was more in his line.'
"'Australia?' I said, 'you're wandering, dear old thing. He told me the
other day he was off to Italy in three weeks' time.'
"'Italy, nothing,' he said, 'he was all over our place to-day, asking
about how you got to Sydney and what were the necessary
formalities, and so on.'
"'Oh,' I said, 'I suppose he's going by the Pacific route, and calling at
Sydney on his way.' But I wondered why he hadn't said so when I'd
met him the day before. He had distinctly talked about sailing for
Europe and doing Paris before he went on to Rome.
"I felt so darned inquisitive that I went and called on Loder two nights
later.
"He seemed quite pleased to see me, and was full of his forthcoming
trip. I asked him again about his route, and he told me quite distinctly
he was going via Paris.
"Well, that was that, and it wasn't really any of my business, and we
chatted about other things. He told me that Mr. Varden was coming
to stay with him before he went, and that he hoped to get him to
pose for a figure before he left. He said he'd never seen a man so
perfectly formed. 'I meant to get him to do it before,' he said, 'but war
broke out, and he went and joined the army before I had time to
start.'
"He was lolling on that beastly couch of his at the time, and,
happening to look round at him, I caught such a nasty sort of glitter
in his eye that it gave me quite a turn. He was stroking the figure
over the neck and grinning at it.
"'None of your efforts in Sheffield-plate, I hope,' said I.
"'Well,' he said, 'I thought of making a kind of companion to this, The
Sleeping Athlete, you know, or something of that sort.'
"'You'd much better cast it,' I said. 'Why did you put the stuff on so
thick? It destroys the fine detail.'
"That annoyed him. He never liked to hear any objection made to
that work of art.
"'This was experimental,' he said. 'I mean the next to be a real
masterpiece. You'll see.'
"We'd got to about that point when the butler came in to ask should
he make up a bed for me, as it was such a bad night. We hadn't
noticed the weather particularly, though it had looked a bit
threatening when I started from New York. However, we now looked
out, and saw that it was coming down in sheets and torrents. It
wouldn't have mattered, only that I'd only brought a little open racing
car and no overcoat, and certainly the prospect of five miles in that
downpour wasn't altogether attractive. Loder urged me to stay, and I
said I would.
"I was feeling a bit fagged, so I went to bed right off. Loder said he
wanted to do a bit of work in the studio first, and I saw him depart
along the corridor.
"You won't allow me to mention Providence, so I'll only say it was a
very remarkable thing that I should have woken up at two in the
morning to find myself lying in a pool of water. The man had stuck a
hot-water bottle into the bed, because it hadn't been used just lately,
and the beastly thing had gone and unstoppered itself. I lay awake
for ten minutes in the deeps of damp misery before I had sufficient
strength of mind to investigate. Then I found it was hopeless—
sheets, blankets, mattress, all soaked. I looked at the arm-chair, and
then I had a brilliant idea. I remembered there was a lovely great
divan in the studio, with a big skin rug and a pile of cushions. Why
not finish the night there? I took the little electric torch which always
goes about with me, and started off.
"The studio was empty, so I supposed Loder had finished and trotted
off to roost. The divan was there, all right, with a screen drawn partly
across it, so I rolled myself up under the rug and prepared to snooze
off.
"I was just getting beautifully sleepy again when I heard footsteps,
not in the passage, but apparently on the other side of the room. I
was surprised, because I didn't know there was any way out in that
direction. I lay low, and presently I saw a streak of light appear from
the cupboard where Loder kept his tools and things. The streak
widened, and Loder emerged, carrying an electric torch. He closed
the cupboard door very gently after him, and padded across the
studio. He stopped before the easel and uncovered it; I could see
him through a crack in the screen. He stood for some minutes gazing
at a sketch on the easel, and then gave one of the nastiest gurgly
laughs I've ever had the pleasure of hearing. If I'd ever seriously
thought of announcing my unauthorised presence, I abandoned all
idea of it then. Presently he covered the easel again, and went out
by the door at which I had come in.
"I waited till I was sure he had gone, and then got up—uncommonly
quietly, I may say. I tiptoed over to the easel to see what the
fascinating work of art was. I saw at once it was the design for the
figure of The Sleeping Athlete, and as I looked at it I felt a sort of
horrid conviction stealing over me. It was an idea which seemed to
begin in my stomach, and work its way up to the roots of my hair.
"My family say I'm too inquisitive. I can only say that wild horses
wouldn't have kept me from investigating that cupboard. With the
feeling that something absolutely vile might hop out at me—I was a
bit wrought up, and it was a rotten time of night—I put a heroic hand
on the door knob.
"To my astonishment, the thing wasn't even locked. It opened at
once, to show a range of perfectly innocent and orderly shelves,
which couldn't possibly have held Loder.
"My blood was up, you know, by this time, so I hunted round for the
spring-lock which I knew must exist, and found it without much
difficulty. The back of the cupboard swung noiselessly inwards, and I
found myself at the top of a narrow flight of stairs.
"I had the sense to stop and see that the door could be opened from
the inside before I went any farther, and I also selected a good stout
pestle which I found on the shelves as a weapon in case of accident.
Then I closed the door and tripped with elf-like lightness down that
jolly old staircase.
"There was another door at the bottom, but it didn't take me long to
fathom the secret of that. Feeling frightfully excited, I threw it boldly
open, with the pestle ready for action.
"However, the room seemed to be empty. My torch caught the gleam
of something liquid, and then I found the wall-switch.
"I saw a biggish square room, fitted up as a workshop. On the right-
hand wall was a big switchboard, with a bench beneath it. From the
middle of the ceiling hung a great flood-light, illuminating a glass vat,
fully seven feet long by about three wide. I turned on the flood-light,
and looked down into the vat. It was filled with a dark brown liquid
which I recognised as the usual compound of cyanide and copper-
sulphate which they use for copper-plating.
"The rods hung over it with their hooks all empty, but there was a
packing-case half-opened at one side of the room, and, pulling the
covering aside, I could see rows of copper anodes—enough of them
to put a plating over a quarter of an inch thick on a life-size figure.
There was a smaller case, still nailed up, which from its weight and
appearance I guessed to contain the silver for the rest of the
process. There was something else I was looking for, and I soon
found it—a considerable quantity of prepared graphite and a big jar
of varnish.
"Of course, there was no evidence, really, of anything being on the
cross. There was no reason why Loder shouldn't make a plaster cast
and Sheffield-plate it if he had a fancy for that kind of thing. But then
I found something that couldn't have come there legitimately.
"On the bench was an oval slab of copper about an inch and a half
long—Loder's night's work, I guessed. It was an electrotype of the
American Consular seal, the thing they stamp on your passport
photograph to keep you from hiking it off and substituting the picture
of your friend Mr. Jiggs, who would like to get out of the country
because he is so popular with Scotland Yard.
"I sat down on Loder's stool, and worked out that pretty little plot in
all its details. I could see it all turned on three things. First of all, I
must find out if Varden was proposing to make tracks shortly for
Australia, because, if he wasn't, it threw all my beautiful theories out.
And, secondly, it would help matters greatly if he happened to have
dark hair like Loder's, as he has, you see—near enough, anyway, to
fit the description on a passport. I'd only seen him in that Apollo
Belvedere thing, with a fair wig on. But I knew if I hung about I
should see him presently when he came to stay with Loder. And,
thirdly, of course, I had to discover if Loder was likely to have any
grounds for a grudge against Varden.
"Well, I figured out I'd stayed down in that room about as long as
was healthy. Loder might come back at any moment, and I didn't
forget that a vatful of copper sulphate and cyanide of potassium
would be a highly handy means of getting rid of a too-inquisitive
guest. And I can't say I had any great fancy for figuring as part of
Loder's domestic furniture. I've always hated things made in the
shape of things—volumes of Dickens that turn out to be a biscuit-tin,
and dodges like that; and, though I take no overwhelming interest in
my own funeral, I should like it to be in good taste. I went so far as to
wipe away any finger-marks I might have left behind me, and then I
went back to the studio and rearranged that divan. I didn't feel Loder
would care to think I'd been down there.
"There was just one other thing I felt inquisitive about. I tiptoed back
through the hall and into the smoking-room. The silver couch
glimmered in the light of the torch. I felt I disliked it fifty times more
than ever before. However, I pulled myself together and took a
careful look at the feet of the figure. I'd heard all about that second
toe of Maria Morano's.
"I passed the rest of the night in the arm-chair after all.
"What with Mrs. Bilt's job and one thing and another, and the
enquiries I had to make, I had to put off my interference in Loder's
little game till rather late. I found out that Varden had been staying
with Loder a few months before the beautiful Maria Morano had
vanished. I'm afraid I was rather stupid about that, Mr. Varden. I
thought perhaps there had been something."
"Don't apologise," said Varden, with a little laugh. "Cinema actors are
notoriously immoral."
"Why rub it in?" said Wimsey, a trifle hurt. "I apologise. Anyway, it
came to the same thing as far as Loder was concerned. Then there
was one bit of evidence I had to get to be absolutely certain. Electro-
plating—especially such a ticklish job as the one I had in mind—
wasn't a job that could be finished in a night; on the other hand, it
seemed necessary that Mr. Varden should be seen alive in New York
up to the day he was scheduled to depart. It was also clear that
Loder meant to be able to prove that a Mr. Varden had left New York
all right, according to plan, and had actually arrived in Sydney.
Accordingly, a false Mr. Varden was to depart with Varden's papers
and Varden's passport, furnished with a new photograph duly
stamped with the Consular stamp, and to disappear quietly at
Sydney and be retransformed into Mr. Eric Loder, travelling with a
perfectly regular passport of his own. Well, then, in that case,
obviously a cablegram would have to be sent off to Mystofilms Ltd.,
warning them to expect Varden by a later boat than he had arranged.
I handed over this part of the job to my man, Bunter, who is
uncommonly capable. The devoted fellow shadowed Loder faithfully
for getting on for three weeks, and at length, the very day before Mr.
Varden was due to depart, the cablegram was sent from an office in
Broadway, where, by a happy providence (once more) they supply
extremely hard pencils."
"By Jove!" cried Varden, "I remember now being told something
about a cablegram when I got out, but I never connected it with
Loder. I thought it was just some stupidity of the Western Electric
people."
"Quite so. Well, as soon as I'd got that, I popped along to Loder's
with a picklock in one pocket and an automatic in the other. The
good Bunter went with me, and, if I didn't return by a certain time,
had orders to telephone for the police. So you see everything was
pretty well covered. Bunter was the chauffeur who was waiting for
you, Mr. Varden, but you turned suspicious—I don't blame you
altogether—so all we could do was to forward your luggage along to
the train.
"On the way out we met the Loder servants en route for New York in
a car, which showed us that we were on the right track, and also that
I was going to have a fairly simple job of it.
"You've heard all about my interview with Mr. Varden. I really don't
think I could improve upon his account. When I'd seen him and his
traps safely off the premises, I made for the studio. It was empty, so I
opened the secret door, and, as I expected, saw a line of light under
the workshop door at the far end of the passage."
"So Loder was there all the time?"
"Of course he was. I took my little pop-gun tight in my fist and
opened the door very gently. Loder was standing between the tank
and the switchboard, very busy indeed—so busy he didn't hear me
come in. His hands were black with graphite, a big heap of which
was spread on a sheet on the floor, and he was engaged with a long,
springy coil of copper wire, running to the output of the transformer.
The big packing-case had been opened, and all the hooks were
occupied.
"'Loder!' I said.
"He turned on me with a face like nothing human. 'Wimsey!' he
shouted, 'what the hell are you doing here?'
"'I have come,' I said, 'to tell you that I know how the apple gets into
the dumpling.' And I showed him the automatic.
"He gave a great yell and dashed at the switchboard, turning out the
light, so that I could not see to aim. I heard him leap at me—and
then there came in the darkness a crash and a splash—and a shriek
such as I never heard—not in five years of war—and never want to
hear again.
"I groped forward for the switchboard. Of course, I turned on
everything before I could lay my hand on the light, but I got it at last
—a great white glare from the flood-light over the vat.
"He lay there, still twitching faintly. Cyanide, you see, is about the
swiftest and painfullest thing out. Before I could move to do anything,
I knew he was dead—poisoned and drowned and dead. The coil of
wire that had tripped him had gone into the vat with him. Without
thinking, I touched it, and got a shock that pretty well staggered me.
Then I realised that I must have turned on the current when I was
hunting for the light. I looked into the vat again. As he fell, his dying
hands had clutched at the wire. The coils were tight round his
fingers, and the current was methodically depositing a film of copper
all over his hands, which were blackened with the graphite.
"I had just sense enough to realise that Loder was dead, and that it
might be a nasty sort of look-out for me if the thing came out, for I'd
certainly gone along to threaten him with a pistol.
"I searched about till I found some solder and an iron. Then I went
upstairs and called in Bunter, who had done his ten miles in record
time. We went into the smoking-room and soldered the arm of that
cursed figure into place again, as well as we could, and then we took
everything back into the workshop. We cleaned off every finger-print
and removed every trace of our presence. We left the light and the
switchboard as they were, and returned to New York by an extremely
round-about route. The only thing we brought away with us was the
facsimile of the Consular seal, and that we threw into the river.
"Loder was found by the butler next morning. We read in the papers
how he had fallen into the vat when engaged on some experiments
in electro-plating. The ghastly fact was commented upon that the
dead man's hands were thickly coppered over. They couldn't get it
off without irreverent violence, so he was buried like that.
"That's all. Please, Armstrong, may I have my whisky-and-soda
now?"
"What happened to the couch?" enquired Smith-Hartington
presently.
"I bought it in at the sale of Loder's things," said Wimsey, "and got
hold of a dear old Catholic priest I knew, to whom I told the whole
story under strict vow of secrecy. He was a very sensible and feeling
old bird; so one moonlight night Bunter and I carried the thing out in
the car to his own little church, some miles out of the city, and gave it
Christian burial in a corner of the graveyard. It seemed the best thing
to do."
THE ENTERTAINING EPISODE OF
THE ARTICLE IN QUESTION
The unprofessional detective career of Lord Peter Wimsey was
regulated (though the word has no particular propriety in this
connection) by a persistent and undignified inquisitiveness. The habit
of asking silly questions—natural, though irritating, in the immature
male—remained with him long after his immaculate man, Bunter,
had become attached to his service to shave the bristles from his
chin and see to the due purchase and housing of Napoleon brandies
and Villar y Villar cigars. At the age of thirty-two his sister Mary
christened him Elephant's Child. It was his idiotic enquiries (before
his brother, the Duke of Denver, who grew scarlet with mortification)
as to what the Woolsack was really stuffed with that led the then
Lord Chancellor idly to investigate the article in question, and to
discover, tucked deep within its recesses, that famous diamond
necklace of the Marchioness of Writtle, which had disappeared on
the day Parliament was opened and been safely secreted by one of
the cleaners. It was by a continual and personal badgering of the
Chief Engineer at 2LO on the question of "Why is Oscillation and
How is it Done?" that his lordship incidentally unmasked the great
Ploffsky gang of Anarchist conspirators, who were accustomed to
converse in code by a methodical system of howls, superimposed (to
the great annoyance of listeners in British and European stations)
upon the London wave-length and duly relayed by 5XX over a radius
of some five or six hundred miles. He annoyed persons of more
leisure than decorum by suddenly taking into his head to descend to
the Underground by way of the stairs, though the only exciting things
he ever actually found there were the bloodstained boots of the
Sloane Square murderer; on the other hand, when the drains were
taken up at Glegg's Folly, it was by hanging about and hindering the
plumbers at their job that he accidentally made the discovery which
hanged that detestable poisoner, William Girdlestone Chitty.
Accordingly, it was with no surprise at all that the reliable Bunter, one
April morning, received the announcement of an abrupt change of
plan.
They had arrived at the Gare St. Lazare in good time to register the
luggage. Their three months' trip to Italy had been purely for
enjoyment, and had been followed by a pleasant fortnight in Paris.
They were now intending to pay a short visit to the Duc de Sainte-
Croix in Rouen on their way back to England. Lord Peter paced the
Salle des Pas Perdus for some time, buying an illustrated paper or
two and eyeing the crowd. He bent an appreciative eye on a slim,
shingled creature with the face of a Paris gamin, but was forced to
admit to himself that her ankles were a trifle on the thick side; he
assisted an elderly lady who was explaining to the bookstall clerk
that she wanted a map of Paris and not a carte postale, consumed a
quick cognac at one of the little green tables at the far end, and then
decided he had better go down and see how Bunter was getting on.
In half an hour Bunter and his porter had worked themselves up to
the second place in the enormous queue—for, as usual, one of the
weighing-machines was out of order. In front of them stood an
agitated little group—the young woman Lord Peter had noticed in the
Salle des Pas Perdus, a sallow-faced man of about thirty, their
porter, and the registration official, who was peering eagerly through
his little guichet.
"Mais je te répète que je ne les ai pas," said the sallow man
heatedly. "Voyons, voyons. C'est bien toi qui les as pris, n'est-ce-
pas? Eh bien, alors, comment veux-tu que je les aie, moi?"
"Mais non, mais non, je te les ai bien donnés là-haut, avant d'aller
chercher les journaux."
"Je t'assure que non. Enfin, c'est évident! J'ai cherché partout, que
diable! Tu ne m'as rien donné, du tout, du tout."
"Mais puisque je t'ai dit d'aller faire enrégistrer les bagages! Ne faut-
il pas que je t'aie bien remis les billets? Me prends-tu pour un
imbécile? Va! On n'est pas dépourvu de sens! Mais regarde l'heure!
Le train part à 11 h. 20 m. Cherche un peu, au moins."
"Mais puisque j'ai cherché partout—le gilet, rien! Le jacquet rien,
rien! Le pardessus—rien! rien! rien! C'est toi——"
Here the porter, urged by the frantic cries and stamping of the
queue, and the repeated insults of Lord Peter's porter, flung himself
into the discussion.
"P't-être qu' m'sieur a bouté les billets dans son pantalon," he
suggested.
"Triple idiot!" snapped the traveller, "je vous le demande—est-ce
qu'on a jamais entendu parler de mettre des billets dans son
pantalon? Jamais——"
The French porter is a Republican, and, moreover, extremely ill-paid.
The large tolerance of his English colleague is not for him.
"Ah!" said he, dropping two heavy bags and looking round for moral
support. "Vous dîtes? En voila du joli! Allons, mon p'tit, ce n'est pas
parce qu'on porte un faux col qu'on a le droit d'insulter les gens."
The discussion might have become a full-blown row, had not the
young man suddenly discovered the missing tickets—incidentally,
they were in his trousers-pocket after all—and continued the
registration of his luggage, to the undisguised satisfaction of the
crowd.
"Bunter," said his lordship, who had turned his back on the group
and was lighting a cigarette, "I am going to change the tickets. We
shall go straight on to London. Have you got that snapshot affair of
yours with you?"
"Yes, my lord."
"The one you can work from your pocket without anyone noticing?"
"Yes, my lord."
"Get me a picture of those two."
"Yes, my lord."
"I will see to the luggage. Wire to the Duc that I am unexpectedly
called home."
"Very good, my lord."
Lord Peter did not allude to the matter again till Bunter was putting
his trousers in the press in their cabin on board the Normannia.
Beyond ascertaining that the young man and woman who had
aroused his curiosity were on the boat as second-class passengers,
he had sedulously avoided contact with them.
"Did you get that photograph?"
"I hope so, my lord. As your lordship knows, the aim from the breast-
pocket tends to be unreliable. I have made three attempts, and trust
that one at least may prove to be not unsuccessful."
"How soon can you develop them?"
"At once, if your lordship pleases. I have all the materials in my suit
case."
"What fun!" said Lord Peter, eagerly tying himself into a pair of
mauve silk pyjamas. "May I hold the bottles and things?"
Mr. Bunter poured 3 ounces of water into an 8-ounce measure, and
handed his master a glass rod and a minute packet.
"If your lordship would be so good as to stir the contents of the white
packet slowly into the water," he said, bolting the door, "and, when
dissolved, add the contents of the blue packet."
"Just like a Seidlitz powder," said his lordship happily. "Does it fizz?"
"Not much, my lord," replied the expert, shaking a quantity of hypo
crystals into the hand-basin.
"That's a pity," said Lord Peter. "I say, Bunter, it's no end of a bore to
dissolve."
"Yes, my lord," returned Bunter sedately. "I have always found that
part of the process exceptionally tedious, my lord."
Lord Peter jabbed viciously with the glass rod.
"Just you wait," he said, in a vindictive tone, "till we get to Waterloo."
Three days later Lord Peter Wimsey sat in his book-lined sitting-
room at 110A Piccadilly. The tall bunches of daffodils on the table
smiled in the spring sunshine, and nodded to the breeze which
danced in from the open window. The door opened, and his lordship
glanced up from a handsome edition of the Contes de la Fontaine,
whose handsome hand-coloured Fragonard plates he was
examining with the aid of a lens.
"Morning, Bunter. Anything doing?"
"I have ascertained, my lord, that the young person in question has
entered the service of the elder Duchess of Medway. Her name is
Célestine Berger."
"You are less accurate than usual, Bunter. Nobody off the stage is
called Célestine. You should say 'under the name of Célestine
Berger.' And the man?"
"He is domiciled at this address in Guilford Street, Bloomsbury, my
lord."
"Excellent, my Bunter. Now give me Who's Who. Was it a very
tiresome job?"
"Not exceptionally so, my lord."
"One of these days I suppose I shall give you something to do which
you will jib at," said his lordship, "and you will leave me and I shall
cut my throat. Thanks. Run away and play. I shall lunch at the club."
The book which Bunter had handed his employer indeed bore the
words Who's Who engrossed upon its cover, but it was to be found
in no public library and in no bookseller's shop. It was a bulky
manuscript, closely filled, in part with the small print-like handwriting
of Mr. Bunter, in part with Lord Peter's neat and altogether illegible
hand. It contained biographies of the most unexpected people, and
the most unexpected facts about the most obvious people. Lord
Peter turned to a very long entry under the name of the Dowager
Duchess of Medway. It appeared to make satisfactory reading, for
after a time he smiled, closed the book, and went to the telephone.
"Yes—this is the Duchess of Medway. Who is it?"
The deep, harsh old voice pleased Lord Peter. He could see the
imperious face and upright figure of what had been the most famous
beauty in the London of the 'sixties.
"It's Peter Wimsey, duchess."
"Indeed, and how do you do, young man? Back from your
Continental jaunting?"
"Just home—and longing to lay my devotion at the feet of the most
fascinating lady in England."
"God bless my soul, child, what do you want?" demanded the
duchess. "Boys like you don't flatter an old woman for nothing."
"I want to tell you my sins, duchess."
"You should have lived in the great days," said the voice
appreciatively. "Your talents are wasted on the young fry."
"That is why I want to talk to you, duchess."
"Well, my dear, if you've committed any sins worth hearing I shall
enjoy your visit."
"You are as exquisite in kindness as in charm. I am coming this
afternoon."
"I will be at home to you and to no one else. There."
"Dear lady, I kiss your hands," said Lord Peter, and he heard a deep
chuckle as the duchess rang off.
"You may say what you like, duchess," said Lord Peter from his
reverential position on the fender-stool, "but you are the youngest
grandmother in London, not excepting my own mother."
"Dear Honoria is the merest child," said the duchess. "I have twenty
years more experience of life, and have arrived at the age when we
boast of them. I have every intention of being a great-grandmother
before I die. Sylvia is being married in a fortnight's time, to that
stupid son of Attenbury's."
"Abcock?"
"Yes. He keeps the worst hunters I ever saw, and doesn't know still
champagne from sauterne. But Sylvia is stupid, too, poor child, so I
dare say they will get on charmingly. In my day one had to have
either brains or beauty to get on—preferably both. Nowadays
nothing seems to be required but a total lack of figure. But all the
sense went out of society with the House of Lords' veto. I except
you, Peter. You have talents. It is a pity you do not employ them in
politics."
"Dear lady, God forbid."
"Perhaps you are right, as things are. There were giants in my day.
Dear Dizzy. I remember so well, when his wife died, how hard we all
tried to get him—Medway had died the year before—but he was
wrapped up in that stupid Bradford woman, who had never even
read a line of one of his books, and couldn't have understood 'em if
she had. And now we have Abcock standing for Midhurst, and
married to Sylvia!"
"You haven't invited me to the wedding, duchess dear. I'm so hurt,"
sighed his lordship.
"Bless you, child, I didn't send out the invitations, but I suppose your
brother and that tiresome wife of his will be there. You must come, of
course, if you want to. I had no idea you had a passion for
weddings."
"Hadn't you?" said Peter. "I have a passion for this one. I want to see
Lady Sylvia wearing white satin and the family lace and diamonds,
and to sentimentalise over the days when my fox-terrier bit the
stuffing out of her doll."
"Very well, my dear, you shall. Come early and give me your support.
As for the diamonds, if it weren't a family tradition, Sylvia shouldn't
wear them. She has the impudence to complain of them."
"I thought they were some of the finest in existence."
"So they are. But she says the settings are ugly and old-fashioned,
and she doesn't like diamonds, and they won't go with her dress.
Such nonsense. Whoever heard of a girl not liking diamonds? She
wants to be something romantic and moonshiny in pearls. I have no
patience with her."
"I'll promise to admire them," said Peter—"use the privilege of early
acquaintance and tell her she's an ass and so on. I'd love to have a
view of them. When do they come out of cold storage?"
"Mr. Whitehead will bring them up from the Bank the night before,"
said the duchess, "and they'll go into the safe in my room. Come
round at twelve o'clock and you shall have a private view of them."
"That would be delightful. Mind they don't disappear in the night,
won't you?"
"Oh, my dear, the house is going to be over-run with policemen.
Such a nuisance. I suppose it can't be helped."
"Oh, I think it's a good thing," said Peter. "I have rather an
unwholesome weakness for policemen."
On the morning of the wedding-day, Lord Peter emerged from

Bunter's hands a marvel of sleek brilliance. His primrose-coloured
hair was so exquisite a work of art that to eclipse it with his glossy
hat was like shutting up the sun in a shrine of polished jet; his spats,
light trousers, and exquisitely polished shoes formed a tone-
symphony in monochrome. It was only by the most impassioned
pleading that he persuaded his tyrant to allow him to place two small
photographs and a thin, foreign letter in his breast-pocket. Mr.
Bunter, likewise immaculately attired, stepped into the taxi after him.
At noon precisely they were deposited beneath the striped awning
which adorned the door of the Duchess of Medway's house in Park
Lane. Bunter promptly disappeared in the direction of the back
entrance, while his lordship mounted the steps and asked to see the
dowager.
The majority of the guests had not yet arrived, but the house was full
of agitated people, flitting hither and thither, with flowers and prayer-
books, while a clatter of dishes and cutlery from the dining-room
proclaimed the laying of a sumptuous breakfast. Lord Peter was
shown into the morning-room while the footman went to announce
him, and here he found a very close friend and devoted colleague,
Detective-Inspector Parker, mounting guard in plain clothes over a
costly collection of white elephants. Lord Peter greeted him with an
affectionate hand-grip.
"All serene so far?" he enquired.
"Perfectly O.K."
"You got my note?"
"Sure thing. I've got three of our men shadowing your friend in
Guilford Street. The girl is very much in evidence here. Does the old
lady's wig and that sort of thing. Bit of a coming-on disposition, isn't
she?"
"You surprise me," said Lord Peter. "No"—as his friend grinned
sardonically—"you really do. Not seriously? That would throw all my
calculations out."
"Oh, no! Saucy with her eyes and her tongue, that's all."
"Do her job well?"
"I've heard no complaints. What put you on to this?"
"Pure accident. Of course I may be quite mistaken."
"Did you receive any information from Paris?"
"I wish you wouldn't use that phrase," said Lord Peter peevishly. "It's
so of the Yard—yardy. One of these days it'll give you away."
"Sorry," said Parker. "Second nature, I suppose."
"Those are the things to beware of," returned his lordship, with an
earnestness that seemed a little out of place. "One can keep guard
on everything but just those second-nature tricks." He moved across
to the window, which overlooked the tradesmen's entrance. "Hullo!"
he said, "here's our bird."
Parker joined him, and saw the neat, shingled head of the French girl
from the Gare St. Lazare, topped by a neat black bandeau and bow.
A man with a basket full of white narcissi had rung the bell, and
appeared to be trying to make a sale. Parker gently opened the
window, and they heard Célestine say with a marked French accent,
"No, nossing to-day, sank you." The man insisted in the monotonous
whine of his type, thrusting a big bunch of the white flowers upon
her, but she pushed them back into the basket with an angry
exclamation and flirted away, tossing her head and slapping the door
smartly to. The man moved off muttering. As he did so a thin,
unhealthy-looking lounger in a check cap detached himself from a
lamp-post opposite and mouched along the street after him, at the
same time casting a glance up at the window. Mr. Parker looked at
Lord Peter, nodded, and made a slight sign with his hand. At once
the man in the check cap removed his cigarette from his mouth,
extinguished it, and, tucking the stub behind his ear, moved off
without a second glance.
"Very interesting," said Lord Peter, when both were out of sight.
"Hark!"
There was a sound of running feet overhead—a cry—and a general
commotion. The two men dashed to the door as the bride, rushing
frantically downstairs with her bevy of bridesmaids after her,
proclaimed in a hysterical shriek: "The diamonds! They're stolen!
They're gone!"
Instantly the house was in an uproar. The servants and the caterers'
men crowded into the hall; the bride's father burst out from his room
in a magnificent white waistcoat and no coat; the Duchess of
Medway descended upon Mr. Parker, demanding that something
should be done; while the butler, who never to the day of his death
got over the disgrace, ran out of the pantry with a corkscrew in one
hand and a priceless bottle of crusted port in the other, which he
shook with all the vehemence of a town-crier ringing a bell. The only
dignified entry was made by the dowager duchess, who came down
like a ship in sail, dragging Célestine with her, and admonishing her
not to be so silly.
"Be quiet, girl," said the dowager. "Anyone would think you were
going to be murdered."
"Allow me, your grace," said Mr. Bunter, appearing suddenly from
nowhere in his usual unperturbed manner, and taking the agitated
Célestine firmly by the arm. "Young woman, calm yourself."
"But what is to be done?" cried the bride's mother. "How did it
happen?"
It was at this moment that Detective-Inspector Parker took the floor.
It was the most impressive and dramatic moment in his whole
career. His magnificent calm rebuked the clamorous nobility
surrounding him.
"Your grace," he said, "there is no cause for alarm. Our measures
have been taken. We have the criminals and the gems, thanks to
Lord Peter Wimsey, from whom we received inf——"
"Charles!" said Lord Peter in an awful voice.
"Warning of the attempt. One of our men is just bringing in the male
criminal at the front door, taken red-handed with your grace's
diamonds in his possession." (All gazed round, and perceived
indeed the check-capped lounger and a uniformed constable
entering with the flower-seller between them.) "The female criminal,
who picked the lock of your grace's safe, is—here! No, you don't," he
added, as Célestine, amid a torrent of apache language which
nobody, fortunately, had French enough to understand, attempted to
whip out a revolver from the bosom of her demure black dress.
"Célestine Berger," he continued, pocketing the weapon, "I arrest
you in the name of the law, and I warn you that anything you say will
be taken down and used as evidence against you."
"Heaven help us," said Lord Peter; "the roof would fly off the court.
And you've got the name wrong, Charles. Ladies and gentlemen,
allow me to introduce to you Jacques Lerouge, known as Sans-
culotte—the youngest and cleverest thief, safe-breaker, and female
impersonator that ever occupied a dossier in the Palais de Justice."

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Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches

Section 1 Test Item File

1. Which of the following is an example of family aggregation?

2. What does Monique’s case best illustrate?

4. What does Scott’s case best illustrate?

5. Scott is most likely suffering from what psychological condition?

6. What makes defining abnormality difficult?

7. Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?

12. Which of the following is included in the DSM-5?

22. Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means ________

23. What is wrong with describing someone as being “schizophrenic”?

25. What is a culture-specific disorder?

26. Practically speaking, “abnormal” behavior means

30. What is epidemiology?

31. Mental health epidemiology is

32. What does it mean if a disorder is said to be highly prevalent?

33. What type of prevalence estimate tends to be lowest?

35. Which of the following is an example of point prevalence?

38. What type of prevalence estimate tends to be highest?

46. Comorbidity means ________

51. Most people with psychological disorders ________

60. One strength of case studies is ________

61. Why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies?

67. An important first step in studying a particular disorder is ________

69. Ideally, a sample should be what?

76. What is MTurk?

77. What is external validity?

82. What is the most important limitation of correlational studies?

93. Which research approach requires subjects to recall the past?

96. In most prospective studies, ________

99. Which variable is manipulated in an experiment?

104. What is the value of using an ABAB design?

106. Which of the following is an example of an analogue study?

109. A major scientific problem with analogue studies is ________

110. Random assignment means ________

116. Why is it difficult to agree on a definition of abnormal behavior?

122. What is comorbidity?

123. Briefly discuss why research in abnormal psychology is important.

125. Discuss the limitations of self-report data.

126. What is sampling and why is it important?

127. What is an analogue study?

132. Describe the ABAB research design and give an example.

Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions

On the morning of the wedding-day, Lord Peter emerged from

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