Biology Project Work

Farmyard manure and its
usefulness in plant
growth
Biology Project Work Performed By
Athullya Prabhakaran
XII-B
ROLL NO.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Athullya Prabhakaran,
student of class XII-B, ST Francis School,
Indirapuram has successfully completed the
investigatory project on the topic ‘Farmyard
manure and its usefulness in plant growth’ under
the guidance of Ma’am Gurjeet Kaur (subject
teacher) during the year 2024-25.
_____________ ________________
Examiner Gurjeet Kaur
(Subject Teacher)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my special thanks to the
Principal of our school, Mr. Rony Thomas and my
Ma’am Gurjeet Kaur who gave me the golden
opportunity to work on the topic ‘Farmyard
manure and its usefulness in plant growth’ which
also helped me in doing a lot of research and I
came to know about so many things. I am really
thankful to our lab assistant MS. Joycee for
providing me the materials for the project. I
would like to thank my parents who helped me a
lot in gathering information be guided me from
time to time. Lastly, I would like to thank my
friends and relatives who helped me to put these
ideas well above the level of simplicity and into
something concrete.
______________
Athullya Prabhakaran
Index
S Topic Page
No.
1 Aim
2 Theory
3 Procedure
4 Observation
5 Environmental conditions required
for compost formation
6 Benefits of Composting
7 Benefits of Compost
8 Result
9 Precautions
10 Bibliography
AIM
Preparation of homemade compost from wet
and dry wastes.
Material Required
Materials Required:
1. Fruits and vegetable wastes
2. Dry Flowers
3. Soil
4. Water
5. Coffee Grounds
THEORY
Farmyard manure is a fertilizer made from
waste products, typically from wet and dry
wastes. Farmyard manure increases bacterial
biodiversity, particularly those better adapted
to nutrient-rich environments.
Manure
Manure is the decomposed form of dead
plants and animals, which is applied to the soil
to increase production. It is a natural form of
fertilizer and is cost-effective. The manure is
rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Farmyard Manure
Farmyard Manure improves the soil structure
and is used as a natural fertilizer in farming. It
increases the soil capacity to hold more water
and nutrients. It also increases the microbial
activity of the soil to improve its mineral
supply and plant nutrients. Unlike chemical
fertilisers, manure does not affect the pH of
the soil. Furthermore, the produce obtained
from the plants grown in the soil using manure
do not have chemical residue and thus do not
have any harmful effect on the human health.
Generally, these kinds of foods are called
organic food which is increasingly popular
nowadays.
PROCEDURE
1. Take a mud pot and spread a little bit
soil on the floor of the pot.
2. Spread the dry waste above the soil
and sprinkle a little water.
3. Above the dry waste add some more
soil and continue this for few layers.
4. Cover it with newspaper and let it be in
sunlight for 3 days.
5. After 3 days mix the mixture and
sprinkle some water on it.
6. Repeat this for 10 - 12 days.
OBSERVATION
It is observed that the dry and wet waste have
converted into a dark colored manure by the
micro bacterial activities in the soil. This has
reduce the dry waste into manure.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR
ITS FORMATION
The basic requirements for efficient
decomposing are sufficient supplies of oxygen
and nutrients, as well as suitable humidity and
temperature.
Oxygen
The micro-organisms that decompose the
compost need oxygen to respire. To ensure
the supply of oxygen, the compost must
remain airy. To ensure the lightness of the
compost, use a coarser substance, also called
dry bedding, among the compact waste and
toss the compost as required. Your compost
may also run out of oxygen if it gets too wet.
The denser the compost is, the more easily it
soaks and becomes an anaerobic heap of
waste.
Moisture
The micro-organisms of the compost are
primarily swimmers, which can only live in the
water. Therefore, dryness is the worst enemy
of compost. A compost which is not working
properly is usually too dry. The dryness may
result from scanty watering or a too-loose
structure of the compost. For example, whole
branches or flower stems leave the compost
too loose, which makes it dry out easily.
Although the compost should be light, it must
not be too loose.
Nutrients and energy

The micro-organisms in the compost use
energy from the organic waste for
maintenance of their vital functions. The
micro-organisms need carbon compounds to
generate energy and nitrogen to build up their
cells. They also use other nutrients, but the
ratio between carbon and nitrogen is vital for
successful composting.
Benefits of Composting
 Protects the climate by reducing methane
emissions from landfills.
 Reduces waste.
 Recycles organic materials into a valuable
soil amendment – compost.
 Recovers organic materials and keeps
them local.
 Creates green jobs.
 Extends municipal landfill life by diverting
organic materials and saving space in
landfills.
 Reduces solid waste management costs
because food scraps are one of the
largest and heaviest portions of the waste
stream, making their recovery increasingly
cost-effective compared to disposal.
Benefits of Compost
Compose enriches and builds healthy soil in
the following ways:
 Balances soil density and enriches the
soil.
 Balances pH - pH is the measure of
acidity or alkalinity, on a logarithmic scale.
pH of 7 indicates neutrality. Most
composts have a pH of between 6 and 8.
 Suppresses pests and disease - Compost
also provides plants with greater
resistance to pests and insects, as well as
suppressing disease.
 Adds organic matter to the soil and
increases the nutrient content and
biodiversity of microbes in soil.
 Conserves water and reduces water use
by helping soils retain moisture.
 Helps prevent soil erosion by reducing soil
compaction and runoff.
 Reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers
and pesticides.
 Improves plant growth and promotes
higher yields of agricultural crops.
 Improves water quality by filtering storm
water and reducing nutrient and sediment
runoff.
 Helps regenerate poor soil and remediate
(clean up) soils that have been depleted
by overuse or contain contaminants.
 Compost aids climate adaptation and
resilience
 Improves a community’s ability to adapt to
adverse climate impacts by helping soil
absorb water and prevent runoff of
pollutants during floods. It also helps soil
hold more water for longer, mitigating the
effects of drought.
 Sequesters carbon in the soil, helping
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
 Strengthens sustainable local food
production by using locally generated food
scraps and other organic materials to
create a valuable soil amendment that
supports plant growth.
RESULT
Picture to be attached
It is observed that the plant grown using
manure is healthier than the plant grown
without using manure.
PRECAUTIONS
 Do mix a variety of other vegetable food
scraps with grass clippings and leaves.
Clippings tend to compact, which may inhibit
the flow of air through the pile.
 Do keep the pile damp, but never soggy.
 If adding food scraps, be sure to bury deep
within the compost pile to avoid attracting
rodents.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure/
2. https://byjus.com/biology/manure
3. https://www.cityofirving.org/619/Composting-
Dos-and-Donts
4. https://www.biolan.com/articles/the-basic-
needs-of-the-compost.html
5. https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-
management-food/composting

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Farmyard manure and its

Nutrients and energy

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