CLASS : VIII to X

MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD
IOQM / RMO MODULE
VIII to X - IOQM/RMO Module
Foundation Program

NUMBER THEORY
NUMBER THEORY SYNOPSIS
Sub Topics Integers, even, odd, prime, composite, perfect numbers, HCF, LCM of numbers,
Squares& square roots, cubes & cube roots.

EXERCISE -3
2005
1. What are the last three digits of 2005 ?
1) 025 2) 125 3) 375 4) 625

2. Suppose a and b are positive integers such that  a  2b  a  b   10 . What is the value
of 2a – b ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 5
3. Suppose m and n are positive integers with mn  40000 . Suppose further that neither
m nor n is divisible by 10. What is the value of m  n ?
1) 650 2) 660 3) 689 4) 691
4. The first 44 positive integers are written in order to form the large number
N  123456789101112.....424344
What is the remainder when N is divided by 45?
1) 4 2) 9 3) 14 4) 18
5. If integers m, n, a and b satisfy the equation 36ma 2  6nb 2  1008, then what is the
greatest integer that can divide both a and b ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 6
6. Which one of the following integers does not divide 21650  1?
1) 3 2) 7 3) 31 4) 127
2 2 3 3
7. If a + b = 2 and a + b = 5, then what is the value of a + b ?
1) 11 2) 12 3) 13 4) 14

8. For how many numbers n  1, 2, 3,..............2004 is the quantity 4n6  n3  5 multiple of
7?
1) 0 2) 285 3) 286 4) 287
9. How many integers do the following finite arithmetic progressions have in common?
1, 8, 15, 22, ......, 2003 and 2, 13, 24, 35, .....2004
1) 10 2) 23 3) 25 4) 26

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 Foundation Program VIII to X - IOQM/RMO Module

2003 digits 2003 digits

10. Let a be the integer
  and let be the integer
   . What is the 2004th
333.....333 b 666....666
digit (counting from the right) that appears in the product ab ?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 7
11. In how many ways can 2004 be written as a sum of two or more consecutive positive
integers written in increasing order? For example, we consider 667  668  669 as an
acceptable sum but not 669  668  667 .
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
12. If 24  38  n  6 4 , then n 
1) 12 2) 24 3) 27 4) 81
13. If a and b are integers for which a 2  b 2  2003 , then what is the value of a 2  b 2 ? Hint:
Use the fact that 2003 is a prime number.
1) 2006005 2) 2005004 3) 2004003 4) 2003002
14. What is the value of the product below?

 1  1  1   1 
 1  2  1  2  1  2  ........  1   
 2  3   4   2003 

2005 1001  002

1) 2) 3) 4)
4006 2003 2 2003
15. Let x, y and z be positive integers less than 10 such that
2 5
100 x  10 y  z   x  y  z

What is the value of x 2  y 2  z 2 ?

1) 21 2) 23 3) 29 4) 33
16. If N is the smallest positive integer such that the remainder when N is divided by 5 is 2,
the remainder when N is divided by 7 is 3, and the remainder when N is divided by 9 is
4, then what is the sum of the digits of N ?
1) 4 2) 8 3) 13 4) 22
17. For how many integers n between 1 and 100, do n 2  4 and n  3 have a common factor
greater than 1?
1) 0 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
18. For how many positive integers n , is 3n  81 the square of an integer?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
19. What is the smallest positive integer n such that 31 divides 5n  n ?
1) 23 2) 30 3) 51 4) 68
20. Which of the following numbers is equal to the sum

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88  88  88  88  88  88  88  88 ?
1) 88 2) 89 3) 648 4) 864
21. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8 and 8f = 9. What is value of the product abcdef ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 6 4) 3
22. What is the remainder of
1.1! 2.2! 3.3! ..........  1000.1000! divided by 2002?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 1000 4) 2001
5n  26
23. Find the number of integers n such that is an integer.
2n  3
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
24. How many integers pairs (a, b) are there with 1  a  100 and 1  b  100 such that the
sum of a  b and its reciprocal is an integer?
1) 8 2) 9 3) 10 4) 11
25. How many occurrences of the digit 5 are there in the list of numbers 1, 2, 3, ......
1000?
1) 200 2) 300 3) 333 4) 385

26. Wilson’s Theorem states that if n is a prime number, then n divides  n  1! 1 . Which
of the following is a divisor of 12!.6! 12! 6! 1?
1) 21 2) 77 3) 91 4) 115
27. For how many integers m , with 10  m  100 , is m 2  m  90 divisible by 17?
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10

28. If the number 2001 is written in the form 1  2  3  4  5  6  ......   n  2    n  1  n .

then what is the sum of the digits of n ?
1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8
29. In the sum below, the letter F  0 , and the other letters represent the digits 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 or 6, with each digit used exactly once. The 2-digit integer AB is a prime number.
What is the value of A+B?
AB
 CD
EFG
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 7
30. What is the smallest positive integer n such that if S is the any set containing n or
more integers, then there must be three integers in S whose sum is divisibly by 3?

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 Foundation Program VIII to X - IOQM/RMO Module

1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
31. Which one of the following numbers is smallest?
1) 2600 2) 3500 3) 5300 4) 6200

32. Given that 1.000000358112312  1.000000 xyz 2247482444265735361 where x, y and z denote
missing digits, what is the value of x  y  z ?
1) 11 2) 14 3) 15 4) 17
33. Let N be the smallest positive number which is the cube of one integer and the fifth
power of a different integer. How many digits does N have?
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 8
34. Let k1 , k 2 ,......k7 and N be integers such that

k1  k2  10  ......  k7  10 6  N and k1  106  k2 105  ......k7  3N

Which one of the following is a possible value for N ?

1) 41053290 2) 51053290 3) 61053290 4) 71053290
35. How many pairs of integers x, y are there which satisfy the equation

1 1 1
 
x y 2
Note: x  1, y  2 and x  2, y  1 are different pairs.
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
36. Let S be the set of all positive integers none of whose prime divisors is larger than 3.
Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12 are the smallest elements of S . What is the sum of the
reciprocals of the elements of S ? In other words, what is the value of the sum.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1        ......?
2 3 4 6 8 9 12
1) 3 2) 3.25 3) 3.5 4) 3.75

37. For a positive integer n , define s  n  as the product of the base 4 digits of n . For

example, since 31  133 4 , we obtain s  31  1 3  3  9 . What is the value of

s 1  s  2   s  3  ......  s  254   s  225  ?

1) 1496 2) 1554 3) 1572 4) 1596
38. How many intergers between 100 and 1000 are multiples of 7?
1) 128 2) 130 3) 132 4) 134

39. How many integers x in 1, 2,3.....99,100 are there such that x 2  x 3 is the square of an
integer?
1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 9

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Foundation Program

40. How many 9's are there in the decimal expansion of 999998999992 ?
1) 7 2) 9 3) 11 4) 13
41. There is a unique positive integer that has less than 11 decimal digits, ends in a 6,
and if this 6 is removed and put at the front of the number (e.g., 136  613), then the
resulting number is exactly four times the original number. How many digits does this
number have?
1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8
42. For how many primes p is the value of p 2  21 p  1 also prime?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) 5

43. What is the number of pairs of nonnegative integers  x, y  which satisfy the equation

x  y  1998 ?
1) 0 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
44. How many ways are there to choose three positive integers x, y and z so that
xyz  4000 ? For example, x  10, y  10, z  10 and x  10, y  40, z  10 are considered to
be different choices.
1) 24 2) 72 3) 120 4) 210
45. Let a, b and n be positive integers satisfying

1997 1999 a
 
1998 n b
with a / b reduced (so a and b have no common prime divisor). Given that n is the
smallest positive integer for which 1000 divides a , what is the sum of the digits of n ?
1) 2 2) 7 3) 12 4) 13
46. Evaluate the sum 1  2  3  4  5  6  .....  997  998  999  1000
1) -500 2) -1000 3) -999 4) -1001
47. The difference of two positive numbers is 2, and the product of these two numbers is 17.
What is their sum?

1) 6 2 2) 3 2  2 3) 6 2  2 4) 3 2
48. The integer n is obtained by reversing the order of the digits of the 3-digit integer m .
If the product of n and m is equal to 214875 , then the middle digit of n must be.
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
49. Consider the positive integers n having the property that 2 divides n , 3 divides n  1, 4
divides n  2,.....10 divides n  8 . The first positive integer with this property is 2. Let N be
the 4th positive integer with this property. What is the sum of the digits of N ?
1) 12 2) 14 3) 16 4) 20

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50. When written in base 8, the number n is 34112d 4357 where d denotes a digit in base
8. If n is divisible by 7, then the value of d is
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
51. How many ways are there to choose 4 different numbjers from the set
1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9,10 so that no two of the 4 numbers are consecutive>
1) 10 2) 20 3) 35 4) 40
52. Suppose the operation * is defined on the set of integers by a * b  a  2b. Then for every
two integers a and b , the value of a *  b * a  is same as

1) a * b 2) b * a 3)  3a  * b 4)  5a  * b
53. Which of the following numbers is the largest?
1) 10000100 2) 210000 3) 10001000 4) 54000
54. If x is a positive integer such that x 3  8 x 2  12 x  385  0, then x is
1) less than 6 2) between 7 and 11
3) between 12 and 20 4) between 22 and 34
55. Let s  n  denote the sum of the digits of n. For example, s 197   1  9  7  17. Let

 
s 2  n   s  s  n   , s 3  n   s s  s  n   , and so on. What is the value of s1996 1996  ?
1) 18 2) 4 3) 12 4) 7
1
56. The 46th digit after the decimal in the decimal expansion of is
1996
1) 0 2) 1 3) 4 4) 6
1 1 1 1 1 a
57. Let a and b be integers such that 1     ..........    .
2 3 4 580 581 b
If a and b have no common prime factors, what is the largest power of 3 dividing b ?
1) 30 2) 31 3) 33 4) 34
58 . Let x1 , x2 , x3 ....... be the numbers which can be written as a sum of one or more different

powers of 3 with x1  x2  x3  ........ For example, x1  30  1, x2  31  3, and x3  30  31  4.

What is the value of x100 ?

1) 972 2) 981 3) 999 4) 1002 5) 1053
59. A digit is placed in each empty square in the grid to the right so that
• each row contains each of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
• each column contains each of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

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VIII to X - IOQM/RMO Module
Foundation Program

5 4

1 3

5 3

2 3 1

What digit is placed in the square at the bottom right corner of the grid?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 5
60. What is the last digit d of the 9-digit number 19700019d, given that the number is
prime?
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7 5) 9
61. If the number 86 in base 10 is represented as 321 in base b, then 123 in base b can be
represented as which of the following numbers in base 10?
1) 27 2) 38 3) 51 4) 66 5) 83
62. How many 5-digit numbers with all digits non-zero and no digit repeated are divisible by
25 ?
1) 360 2) 420 3) 450 4) 480 5) 500
63. There are positive integers a, b, and c which satisfy the system of two equations below.

 c2  a 2  b2 101

 ab  72
What is the value of a + b + c ?
1) 43 2) 45 3) 47 4) 51 5) 57
64. How many positive integers n have a remainder of 6 when 2006 is divided by n ?
1) 8 2) 10 3) 12 4) 16 5) 18
65. For each positive integer m, let s(m) denote the sum of the digits of m. What is the value of
S(S(S(22006))) ?
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 22 5) 40
66. What are the last two digits of 52007 ?
1) 75 2) 65 3) 55 4) 25
67. The sum of seven consecutive integers is 980. How many of them are prime?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
1  bn
68. Define a sequence by b1 = 2 and bn 1  for n > 1.
1  bn
What is the value of b2006 ?
1) –2007 2) –3 3) –1/2 4) 2
69. What is the value of the following product ?

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 Foundation Program VIII to X - IOQM/RMO Module

 1  1  1   1  1 
1  2  1  2  1  2  ... 1  2  1  2 
 2  3  4   49  50 

23 27 25 51
1) 2) 3) 4)
50 50 51 100
n
70. Find the smallest positive integer n such that 11 – 1 is divisible by 105.
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
71. Which of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 is nearest in value to the sum
2007 8001 2001
  ?
2999 5998 3999
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
72. Given that 29a031 × 342 = 100900b02 where a and b denote two missing digits, what
is the value of a + b ?
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 11
73. Let pn  1n  2n  3n  4n . Find the number of integers n for which 1  n  100 and p n is a
multiple of 5.
1) 68 2) 75 3) 86 4) 98 5) 100
74. What is the number of 7- element subsets of the set { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 } for which the
sum of those 7 elements is a multiple of 3 ?
1) 10 2)11 3) 12 4) 13
75. If 135k divides 2007! and 135k 1 does not, then what is the value of k?
1) 250 2) 333 3) 500 4) 666
76. Let a1,a 2 ,a 3 ,...,a r be r not necessarily distinct positive integers such that
 x  a1   x  a 2  ...  x  a r   x r  230x r 1  ....  2007 , where each missing term on the right
has degree between 1 and r - 2 inclusive. What is the value of r ?
1) 4 2) 12 3) 63 4) 669
77. Let S be the set { 1, 2, 3, ..., n } consisting of the first n positive integers. What is the
maximum value of n for which every 100 elements subset of S contains two integers which
differ by 25 ?
1) 171 2) 172 3) 173 4) 174
78. What is the value of the following sum ?
3 4 5 2007
   ... 
1! 2! 3! 2! 3! 4! 3! 4! 5! 2005! 2006! 2007!
2007! 2 2007! 1 2007! 1 2007! 2 2007! 3
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
2  2007! 2  2007! 2  2007! 2  2007! 2  2007!
79. A positive integer n is called a “good” number if n3  7n  133  m3 for some positive
integer m. What is the sum of all “good” numbers?
1) 24 2) 25 3) 29 4) 30 5) 
80. An odd integer between 600 and 800 is divisible by 7 and also divisible by 9. What is
the sum of its digits?

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1) 7 2) 12 3) 18 4) 21 5) 27
81. How many positive odd integers n less than 1000 have the property that the product of
the digits of n is 252 ?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) 4 5) 5
82. Let A be the positive integer satisfying the following equation.
9 99 999 9999999999 A
 2  3  ...  10
 10
10 10 10 10 10
How many 8’s appear in the decimal representation of A?
1) 0 2) 1 3) 5 4) 8 5) 9
83. What is the largest power of 2 that divides 22008 102008 ?
1) 22008 2) 22009 3) 22010 4) 22011 5) 22012
84. For how many integers n is n2  n 1 a divisor of n2010  20 ?
1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 10 5) 20
85. Let d be the largest positive integer that divides all three of the values of the sums
below.
1 + 2 + 3 + ...+ 999 + 1000
12007  22007  32007  ...  9992007 10002007
12009  22009  32009  ...  9992009  10002009
Which of the following is true about d ?
1) d = 1 2) 1 d 102 3) 102  d 104 4) 104  d 106 5) d 106
86. Let a and b be positive integers with no common prime factor satisfying the equation
below.
1 1 1 1 a
1  ...   
2 3 15 16 b
What is the smallest prime divisor of a ?
1) 3 2) 7 3) 13 4) 19
5) none of the previous choices
87. Exactly one of the following numbers cannot be written as a 3  b3 where a and b are
integers. Which number is it?
1) 700056 2) 707713 3) 7000639 4) 7077283 5) 7077915
88. x 4  y 4  15, x and y are positive integers. Then x 4  y 4 is
1) 17 2) 31 3) 32 4) 113
89. A number with 8 digits is a multiple of 73 and also a multiple of 137. The second digit
from the left equals 7. Then the 6th digit from the left equals
1) 1 2) 7 3) 9 4) can be any digit
90. Let n be the least positive integer such that 1260n is the cube of a natural number.
Then n satisfies
1) 1 < n < 50 2) 50 < n < 100
3) 100 < n < 1000 4) 1000 < n < 10000
91. If (43)x in base x number system is equal to (34)y in base y number system the possible

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value for x + y is
1) 16 2) 14 3) 12 4) 10
92. In each of the following 2003 fractions the sum of the numerator and denominator
equals 2004.
 1 2 3 2003 
 2003 , 2002 , 2001 ,...., 1  . The number of fractions < 1 which are irreducible (no
common factor between numerator and denominator) is
1) 664 2) 332 3) 1002 4) 1001
2
93. For how many integers n is 9   n  2 a real number ?
1) 3 2) 5 3) 7 4)infinitely many
94. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x, what is the value of
 1   2    3   ....   2004  ?
       
1) 58850 2) 59730 3) 59959 4) 56718
95. How many solutions are there for (a, b) if 7ab73 is a five digit number divisible by 99?
1) 3 2) 2 3) 0 4) 1
90 90
96. The number 107 – 76 is divisible by
1) 61 2) 62 3) 64 4) none of these
2003 2003 3003 2003
97. When 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2003 is divided by 2004, then the remainder is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 1002 4) 2003
98. Each number from 1, 2, 3, ..., 100 (decimal scale) is written in base 6 and their
product is also written in base 6. Then the number of zeroes at the end of this product
is
1) 24 2) 48 3) 18 4) 97
9999
99. The three last digits of 7 are
1) 263 2) 143 3) 343 4) 523
100. The number of different positive integer triplets (x, y, z) satisfying the equations x 2 + y
– z = 100 and x + y2 – z = 124 is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3

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