Poem Analysis

ANALYSIS OF THE POEM "THE DYING CHILD" (Freeman
Peter Lwamba)
THE DYING CHILD
Freeman Peter Lwamba
Thin and red,
Skinny and bald,
The boy groans on the ground.
Swollen stomach
Full of waste,
Thin legs,
Thin arms,
Twitch
As the boy
Fights with flies
Over the empty plate.
Ten years old,

He looks older than ten,
And younger than young,
And so small
As he wriggles,
Prisoner
Of his unproportioned body.
“Mother,” shouts the boy,

“when I grow up
I will carry a gun
And not a pen”
“My son,” shouts the mother,

“My son,” cries the mother
“You will never live to carry a gun
There is no meat for us”
INTRODUCTION
This is a poem by Freeman Peter Lwamba that depicts the disillusion of the poor class after independence. It shows
that those in the poor class are still living a miserable life and that uhuru promises have no value to them. The
mother is so pessimistic and hopeless that she may not be able to live longer with her son because they have no food.
This is the kind of disillusion that most African leaders have created to the common people.
THEMES
POOR LIVING CONDITION
The poet shows that the family lives a poor life. They cannot afford to eat well because they have no food in the
house. As a result, the boy grows thin and thin as days pass by because there is apparent poverty in the family. The
poet shows that the boy is fighting with flies over the empty plate. The poet says:
As the boy
Fights with flies
Over the empty plate.
MALNUTRITION
Due to lack of balanced diet the boy’s health is seriously damaged. The poet shows that it is even hard to tell the
boy’s age by looking at his appearance since his body is unproportioned. Although he is ten years old looking at him
you might think he is older than ten paradoxically still he looks younger than that. The poet says;
Ten years old,
He looks older than ten,
And younger than young,
And so small
The boy is thin, red, skinny and bald; he has thin legs and arms and has a swollen stomach that is full of waste.
These are symptoms of one of the malnutrition deficiencies.
DISILLUSION/DISAPOINTMENT
This family seems to be disappointed by the newly attained independence that has no meaning to the lives of
common people. When the son tells his mother about his future dreams his mother responds pessimistically that he
will never live to carry a gun because they have no food for survival and will soon die of hunger.
There is no meat for us”
AWARENESS/SACRIFICE
The young boy is aware of his poor state and the poor living condition at home. As a result, he assumes that
education (pen) cannot be an immediate solution to his problems. It seems that he is also aware that there is someone
who is behind this state of poverty in his family. The only means possible he sees that can bring him liberation is to
use violence (a gun). This is to say the boy is ready to sacrifice his life and fight for his right for the better future.
The poet says:
GUIDING QUESTIONS
 What is the poem about?
It is about a son and a mother who live in absolute poverty. It shows that those in the poor class
are still living miserably and have nothing to hope for their future. The mother is so pessimistic
and hopeless that she may not be able to live longer with her son because they have no food.
 What type of the poem is this?
This is a free verse/modern poem as it does not follow all the poetic rules but it is specifically a
Lyric poem since it expresses strong feelings of sympathy by the observer towards the mother
and her son.
 Who is the persona and how do you know?
The persona in this poem is an observer who narrates the life of the mother and her son and what
they say. He is not involved in this conversation but reports their words; e.g. “My son,” shouts
the mother,
 Comment on the structure of the poem.
It is made up of 5 stanzas of unequal length of verses and uneven number of verses in every
stanza.
 Comment on the language use.
The language used is simple and easy to understand. The choice of vocabulary is also made
perfectly as there are words that carry the pictures of poverty and bring the message across
easily. E.g. swollen stomach, Full of waste, thin legs, thin arms, empty plate, unproportioned
body etc. But also there are many figures of speech as described below:
a. Parallelism.
Swollen stomach
Full of waste,
Thin legs,
Thin arms
b. Paradox
He looks older than ten and young than younger. (This is a paradoxical statement as someone
cannot look older and younger at the same time)
c. Symbolism
*gun* represents violence/sacrifice or revenge
*pen* stands for education
*meat* represents food in general
*empty plates* stand for poverty (lack of basic needs like food)
d. Images
Visual images of poverty like swollen stomach, full of waste, thin legs, thin arms, and empty
plate
e. Anaphora
Thin legs,
Thin arms
 What are the messages that we learn from this poem?
 Leaders/government should help to improve the living condition of those in poor families to
eradicate poverty.
 People should eat balanced diet to avoid malnutrition.
 Poverty is a contributing factor to violence in the society. The young boy says he will carry a gun
not a pen.
 The masses should be educated on the proper and legal ways of fighting for their rights.
 Is the poem relevant to your society?
 There are people who live in poverty and cannot afford the basic needs as a result they end up
getting malnutrition deficiencies.
 There are people in the society who use violence as a means for fighting for their rights.
 There are people who die before they accomplish their dreams because of poor live they live.
.

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ANALYSIS OF THE POEM "THE DYING CHILD" (Freeman

Ten years old,

“Mother,” shouts the boy,

“My son,” shouts the mother,

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