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    1º ESO-anatomy Theory

    Uploaded by

    Vero Galán

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1º ESO-anatomy Theory

    Uploaded by

    Vero Galán
    2 views5 pages

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    1º ESO-anatomy theory

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views5 pages

    1º ESO-anatomy Theory

    Uploaded by

    Vero Galán

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    THE STRUCTURE OF OUR BODY

    1. INTRODUCTION

    This chapter will describe the basic anatomy of the human body, explaining the
    most important elements of the muscular and skeletal system.

    2. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

    Every time you sprint through the halls because you're late for class, score
    against your opponents during a game, you’re using your bones, muscles and joints.
    Without these important body parts, you would be unable to sit, stand, walk, or do
    any of the activities you do every day.

    Movement is only possible thanks to the interaction of Bones, Joints, and


    Muscles

    From our head to our toes, our bones provide support for our bodies and help form
    our shape.

    - The skull protects the brain and forms the shape of our face.
    - The spinal cord protected by the backbone, or vertebral column.
    - The ribs form a cage that shelters the heart, lungs, etc.
    - The pelvis helps protect the intestines, and in girls, the reproductive
    organs.

    Joints occur where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible — without
    them, movement would be impossible. Muscles are also necessary for movement:
    They're the masses of elastic tissue that pull our bones when we move.

    Together, our bones, muscles, and joints — along with tendons, ligaments, and
    cartilage— form our musculoskeletal system and enable us to do every day physical
    activities.

    2.1 THE SKELETON

    The skeleton has the following parts:

    - Skull
    - Thorax
    - Spine, vertebral column or backbone
    - Lowerlimbs
    - Upper limbs.

    1º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department


    1
    Now we are going to learn some of the major bones of the body:

    • The skull

    It is composed by a large group


    of bones which form a cavity
    where the brain lies and is
    protected.

    • The thorax

    The ribs are elastic arches of bone.


    They are twelve in number on either
    side and are connected behind with
    the vertebral column, and in front
    with the sternum.

    The sternum is a flattened bone in


    the anterior wall of the thorax.

    • The spine

    The spine, vertebral column or


    backbone is a column usually consisting
    of 24 articulating vertebrae and 9 or 8
    fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the
    coccyx.

    It houses and protects the spinal cord


    (a very important group of nerves) in its
    spinal canal.

    1º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department


    2
    • The upper limbs

    • The lower limbs

    The Hip bone consists of


    three bones: Ilium, ischium
    and pubis. The right and
    the left hip bones form the
    pelvis.
    The pelvis helps protect the
    intestines, and in girls the
    reproductive organs.

    Hip bone

    The upper leg is a strong, long and


    thick bone called the femur.
    The lower leg has 2 bones: the tibia
    and the fibula. The tibia is larger
    and stronger.
    The foot bones are: the tarsal, the
    metatarsals and the phalanges.

    1º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department


    3
    • The skeleton

    1º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department


    4
    2.2 JOINTS

    Joints occur where two or more bones meet. They make the
    skeleton flexible, without them, movement would be
    impossible.

    Joints allow our bodies to move in many ways. Some joints


    open and close like a hinge (such as knees and elbows); others
    allow for more complicated movement — a shoulder or hip
    joint, for example, allows for backward, forward, sideways,
    and rotating movement; and finally there are joints that don’t
    move, like the ones we can find in the skull, joints made of
    bones that must be immovable to protect the brain.

    The main joints we move when we exercise are: ankles, knees,


    hips, wrists. elbows, shoulders and neck.

    Movements

    There are different types of movement available at different joints (for example the
    shoulder moves in far more ways than the knee). Here are the main types of movement:

    1º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department


    5

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