ASTM A416-16 - Standard Specification For Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand For Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A416-16 - Standard Specification For Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand For Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A416-16 - Standard Specification For Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand For Prestressed Concrete
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A416/A416M − 16
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A416/A416M − 16
TABLE 1 Breaking Strength Requirements sition of all wires or any individual wire is not pertinent to this application,
Nominal Diameter Minimum Breaking Steel Area of Weight [Mass] of and heat identity is not necessarily maintained. It is possible that wire
of Strand, in. [mm] Strength of Strand, in.2 [mm2] Strand lb/1000 ft from more than one heat may be used in the manufacture of a reel or
Strand, lbf [kN] [kg/1000 m] reelless pack. Traceability is based on identity of reels or reelless packs as
Grade 250 [1725] maintained and reported by the manufacturer.
0.250 [6.4] 9 000 [40.0] 0.036 [23] 122 [182] 5.3 Treatment—After stranding, strand shall be subjected to
0.313 [7.9] 14 500 [64.5] 0.058 [37] 197 [294]
0.375 [9.5] 20 000 [89.0] 0.080 [52] 272 [405] a continuous thermal-mechanical treatment to produce the
0.438 [11.1] 27 000 [120] 0.108 [69.7] 367 [548] prescribed mechanical properties. Temper colors which result
0.500 [12.7] 36 000 [160] 0.144 [92.9] 490 [730] from the thermal-mechanical treatment are considered normal
0.600 [15.2] 54 000 [240] 0.216 [139] 737 [1090]
Grade 270 [1860] for the finished appearance of this strand.
0.375 [9.53] 23 000 [102] 0.085 [55] 290 [430]
0.438 [11.1] 31 000 [138] 0.115 [74.2] 390 [580]
0.500 [12.7] 41 300 [184] 0.153 [98.7] 520 [780]
6. Mechanical Property Requirements
0.520 [13.2] 45 000 [200] 0.167 [108] 570 [840] 6.1 Tests for mechanical properties shall be conducted in
0.563 [14.3] 51 700 [230] 0.192 [124] 650 [970]
0.600 [15.2] 58 600 [261] 0.217 [140] 740 [1100] accordance with Test Methods A1061/A1061M.
0.620 [15.7] 62 800 [279] 0.231 [150] 780 [1200]
0.700 [17.8] 79 400 [353] 0.294 [190] 1000 [1500]
6.2 Breaking Strength—The breaking strength of the fin-
ished strand shall conform to the requirements prescribed in
Table 1.
TABLE 2 Yield Strength Requirements 6.3 Yield Strength—Yield strength in pounds [kN] shall be
Nominal Diameter of
Initial Load, lbf [kN]
Minimum Load at 1.0 % measured at 1.0 % extension under load. The minimum yield
Strand in. [mm] Extension, lbf [kN]
strength shall be 90 % of the breaking strength listed in Table
Grade 250 [1725]
0.250 [6.4] 900 [4.0] 8 100 [36.0]
1. Initial loads for the test and minimum yield strengths are
0.313 [7.9] 1 450 [6.5] 13 050 [58.1] listed in Table 2.
0.375 [9.5] 2 000 [8.9] 18 000 [80.1] 6.3.1 The extension under load shall be measured by an
0.438 [11.1] 2 700 [12.0] 24 300 [108.1]
0.500 [12.7] 3 600 [16.0] 32 400 [144.1]
extensometer calibrated with the smallest division not larger
0.600 [15.2] 5 400 [24.0] 48 600 [216.2] than 0.0001 in./in. [0.0001 mm/mm] of gage length.
Grade 270 [1860]
0.375 [9.53] 2 300 [10.2] 20 700 [92.1] 6.4 Elongation—The total elongation under load shall not
0.438 [11.1] 3 100 [13.8] 27 900 [124.1] be less than 3.5 % using a gage length of not less than 24 in.
0.500 [12.7] 4 130 [18.4] 37 170 [165.3]
0.520 [13.2] 4 500 [20.0] 40 500 [180.1]
[600 mm]. It shall be permissible to determine the total
0.563 [14.3] 5 170 [23.0] 46 530 [207.0] elongation value by adding, to the 1.0 % yield extension, the
0.600 [15.2] 5 860 [26.1] 52 740 [234.6] percent extension or movement between the jaws gripping the
0.620 [15.7] 6 280 [27.9] 56 520 [251.4]
0.700 [17.8] 7 940 [35.3] 71 500 [318.0]
strand after yield determination. The percent is calculated on
the new base length of jaw-to-jaw distance.
6.5 Relaxation Properties—Strand shall have relaxation
TABLE 3 Diameter Relation Between Center and Outer Wires losses of not more than 2.5 % when initially loaded to 70 % of
Nominal Diameter of Strand, in. Minimum Difference Between Center specified minimum breaking strength or not more than 3.5 %
[mm] Wire Diameter and Diameter of Any
Outer Wire, in. [mm]
when loaded to 80 % of specified minimum breaking strength
Grade 250 [1725]
of the strand after 1000 hours of testing.
0.250 [6.4] 0.001 [0.025] 6.5.1 If required, relaxation evidence shall be provided from
0.313 [7.9] 0.0015 [0.038] the manufacturer’s records of tests on similarly dimensioned
0.375 [9.5] 0.002 [0.051]
0.438 [11.1] 0.0025 [0.064]
strand of the same grade.
0.500 [12.7] 0.003 [0.076]
0.600 [15.2] 0.004 [0.102] 7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
Grade 270 [1860]
0.375 [9.53] 0.002 [0.051] 7.1 The size of the finished strand shall be expressed as the
0.438 [11.1] 0.0025 [0.064]
0.500 [12.7] 0.003 [0.076]
nominal diameter of the strand in inches [millimetres].
0.520 [13.2] 0.003 [0.076] 7.2 The diameter of the center wire of any strand shall be
0.563 [14.3] 0.0035 [0.089]
0.600 [15.2] 0.004 [0.102] larger than the diameter of any outer wire in accordance with
0.620 [15.7] 0.004 [0.102] Table 3.
0.700 [17.8] 0.0045 [0.114]
7.3 Permissible Variations in Diameter:
7.3.1 All Grade 250 [1725] strand shall conform to a size
tolerance of 60.016 in. [60.40 mm] from the nominal diam-
and then thermally treated, shall have the properties and
eter measured across the crowns of the wires.
characteristics prescribed in this specification.
7.3.2 All Grade 270 [1860] strand shall conform to a size
5.2 Wire—The wire from which the strand is to be fabricated tolerance of +0.026, −0.006 in. [+0.65, − 0.15 mm] from the
shall be round and have a dry-drawn finish. nominal diameter measured across the crowns of the wires.
NOTE 1—This product is a composite of seven wires and is produced 7.3.3 Variation in cross-sectional area and in unit stress
only to meet the prescribed mechanical properties. The chemical compo- resulting therefrom shall not be cause for rejection provided
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that the diameter differences of the individual wires and the access to the facilities, which concern the manufacture of the
diameters of the strand are within the tolerances specified. material ordered, to satisfy the inspector that the material is
7.4 It shall be permitted to furnish specially dimensioned being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests
strands with nominal diameters up to 0.750 in. [19 mm]. The and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture prior
breaking strength shall be defined, and the yield strength, as to shipment, unless otherwise agreed upon at the time of
defined in 6.3, shall not be less than 90 % of the specified purchase, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere
minimum breaking strength. All other requirements shall apply. unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations.
8.3 When the strand is cut without seizings, the wire shall 13.2 When requested in the purchase order or contract, the
not fly out of position. If any wire flies out of position and can manufacturer shall furnish a representative load-elongation
be replaced by hand, the strand shall be considered satisfactory. curve for each size and grade of strand shipped.
8.4 The strand shall not be oiled or greased. Slight rusting, 13.3 When the modulus of elasticity of a seven-wire strand
provided it is not sufficient to cause pits visible to a person with is provided, the cross-sectional area used to calculate that
normal or corrected vision, shall not be cause for rejection. modulus also shall be provided. The area provided in the
certification shall be the area used to calculate the modulus of
NOTE 2—Guidance for evaluating the degree of rusting on prestressed elasticity.
concrete strand is presented in Sason.4
13.4 A material test report, certificate of inspection, or
9. Sampling similar document printed from or used in electronic form from
9.1 Test specimens cut from either end of the reel or reelless an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
pack are permitted. Any specimen found to contain a wire joint regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
shall be discarded and a new specimen obtained. the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
document shall meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
10. Number of Tests standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
tween the purchaser and the manufacturer. Notwithstanding the
10.1 One test specimen shall be taken from each 30-ton
absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
[27-tonne] production lot of finished strand, and tested for
transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
breaking strength, yield strength, and elongation.
NOTE 3—The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is the
11. Inspection computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard
format such as ANSI ASC X12.
11.1 If outside inspection is required, the manufacturer shall
afford the inspector representing the purchaser reasonable 14. Packaging and Package Marking
14.1 The strand shall be furnished on reels or in reelless
4
Sason, A.S., “Evaluation of Degree of Rusting on Prestressed Concrete packs having a minimum core diameter of 24 in. [610 mm],
Strand,’’ PCI Journal, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Vol 37, No. 3,
unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. The length of
May–June 1992, pp. 25–30. Reprints of this paper are available from the
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 200 West Adams St., Suite 2100, Chicago, IL strand on reels or in reelless packs shall be as agreed upon at
60606. the time of purchase. The strand shall be well protected against
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mechanical injury in shipping as agreed upon at the time of ments specified in the purchase order or contract, shall be in
purchase. Each reel or reelless pack shall have two durable tags accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-
securely fastened to it showing the length, size, grade, ASTM STD-129 for military agencies.
designation A416 [A416M], and the name of the manufacturer.
One tag shall be positioned where it will not be inadvertently 15. Keywords
lost during transit, such as inside the core of a reelless pack.
15.1 prestressed concrete; seven-wire strand (tendon); steel
The other tag shall be placed on the outside of a reelless pack
for easy identification. wire
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
S1. Bond Strength of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm], Grade 270 [1860] Strand Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors
The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or
contract.
S1.1 Bond Strength minimum test value not less than 6800 lbf [30.2 kN]. For any
S1.1.1 These requirements are not applicable to strand used future retests, without changes in the manufacturing method
in prestressed concrete applications. and materials used, three tests shall be considered as adequate.
S1.1.2 The results of bond-strength tests performed in S1.1.4 Retests —If the test specimens fail to satisfy S1.1.3,
accordance with Test Method A981/A981M shall be submitted six additional tests shall be performed, and the results shall
to the purchaser. The strand specimens, on which tests were satisfy the acceptance criteria. Strand that fails the retests shall
performed, shall be from different lots and shall be represen- not be considered acceptable for use in prestressed ground
tative for the strand ordered. anchors.
S1.1.3 The average pull force from six pull tests, performed S1.1.5 Annual Tests—The pull tests shall be performed
in accordance with Test Method A981/A981M, required to annually as a minimum or repeated when, in the opinion of the
reach the 0.01-in. [0.25-mm] displacement described therein manufacturer, a process change is made which is believed
shall be at least 8000 lbf [35.6 kN], with the individual could decrease the bond strength of the strand.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A416/A416M – 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2016.)
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A416/A416M – 12a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2015.)
(1) Deleted “stress-relieved (normal-relaxation)” type of stand, (2) Revised 10.1 to update current production capabilities.
revising the title, 1.1, 4.1.4, 5.3, 6.3, 7.4, 6.5, and Table 2.
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