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    Basic Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Kaushal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Basic Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Kaushal
    6 views28 pages

    Original Title

    2. Basic Syntax

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    6 views28 pages

    Basic Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Kaushal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Basic syntax

    Syntax
    In every program must be followed by syntax rules.
     Tokens

     Semicolon

     Identifiers

     Keywords

     Constants

     Variables
    Tokens
     Smallest individual units in a program are known as Tokens.

     The individual words, symbols and punctuation marks


    presented by tokens.
     Ex:

     class Sample

    {

     int a,b,c;

    }
    Tokens are:
     class
     Sample
     {
     int
     a
     ,
     b
     ,
     c
     ;
     }
    Semicolon
     In a program, the semicolon is a statement terminator.
     That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon.
    Ex:
    class Add
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    int a=10,b=20,c;
    c=a+b;
    System.out.println(c);
    }
    }
    Identifiers
     Identifiers are names given to the variables,methods,arrays
    and other user defined object.
     These are user defined names.
    Rules:
     Identifiers are formed with alphabets, digits, and a special
    character underscore(_).
     The first character must be an alphabet.
     No special characters are allowed other than underscore(_)
     These are case sensitive.
     Ex :
    AA and aa are different identifiers
    Keywords
     Java language provides 50 keywords.
     Keywords are the reserved words these meaning are already
    known t the compiler.
     You cannot use it as a variable name, constant name etc.
    Constants
     The value does not change during execution in a program.
     There are Two types of constants in java
    Numeric constants
    Character constants
    Numeric constants
    A Numeric constants is a constants made up of digits and
    some special symbols.

    Integer constants
    floating point constants
    Integer constants
    Integer constant is a constant made up of digits without
    decimal point.

     Valid:

    10 -542 5782
     Invalid:

    5,734 150.36 187-


    Floating point constants
     Any number written with one decimal point is called

    floating point constant.


    Valid:
    -0.145 0.98 2.67
    Invalid:
    153 12.256.32 5/3 1,253,253,56
    Character constants
     A character constant consists of a character or string

    enclosed with in quotation marks.


    Types:
     Single character constant

     String character constant


    Single character constant
     A single character constant consists of a single character
    enclosed with in quotation marks.
    Ex:
    char a=‘A’;
    String character constant
     A string character constant consists of a sequence of a
    character enclosed with in double quotation marks.
    Ex:
    string s=“Java”
    Variable
     A variable is a container which holds the value while
    the java program is executed.
     A variable is assigned with a data type.
    Declaration of variable in java
    Syntax:
     type variable name;

     type variable name1, variable name2, variable name n;

    Example:
     int width, height;

     char letter;

     float age, area;

     double d;
    Types of Variables
    There are three types of variables in java:
     instance variable

     static variable

     local variable
    instance variable
     A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of the

    method, is called instance variable.

    static variable
     A variable which is declared as static is called static variable.

     It cannot be local.

     You can create a single copy of static variable and share among

    all the instances of the class.


    local variable
     A variable declared inside the body of the method is called local
    variable.
     A local variable cannot be defined with "static" keyword.

    Ex:
    class A
    {
    int data=50;//instance variable
    static int m=100;//static variable
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
    int n=90;//local variable
    }
    }
    Data type
    Data type specifies the size and type of values that can be
    stored in an variable.
    There are two types of data types in Java:
    Primitive data types:
    The primitive data types include boolean , char, int , float
    and double.
    Non-primitive data types:The non-primitive data types
    include Classes, Interfaces, and Arrays.
    Integer
     Integer types can hold whole numbers such as 123 and −96.

    Range of values that can be


    Type Size
    stored

    byte 1 byte −128 to 127

    short 2 bytes −32768 to 32767

    int 4 bytes −2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

    9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to
    long 8 bytes 9,223,372,036,854,755,807
    class JavaDatatype
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    byte num=113;
    short num1=150;
    int num2=100000;
    long num3=12332252626L;
    System.out.println(num);
    System.out.println(num1);
    System.out.println(num2);
    System.out.println(num3);
    }
    }
    Floating Point
     Floating point data types are used to represent numbers with
    a fractional part.

    Range of values
    Type Size that can be
    stored

    3.4e−038 to
    float 4 bytes
    3.4e+038

    1.7e−308 to
    double 8 bytes 1.7e+038
    class JavaExample
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    float num = 19.98f;
    double num1 = -42937737.9d;
    System.out.println(num);
    System.out.println(num1);
    }
    }
    Character
     The char data type is used to store characters.
     size: 2 bytes.
    Ex:
    class JavaExample
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    char ch = 'Z';
    System.out.println(ch);
    }
    }
    Boolean
     The Boolean data type is used to store only two possible values:
    true and false.
     size: 1 bit.
    Ex:
    class JavaExample
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    boolean b = false;
    System.out.println(b);
    }
    }
    input/output in java
    Java Output
     use System.out.println(), System.out.print() to send output to
    standard output (screen).
    Ex:
    class Output
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    System.out.print(“Welcome ");
    System.out.println(“Java");
    System.out.print(“Language”);
    }
    }
    Java Input:
     There are several ways to get input from the user in Java.
     You will get input by using Scanner object.
    For that, you need to import Scanner class using:
    import java.util.Scanner;
     we will create an object of Scanner class which will be used
    to get input from the user.
    Ex:
    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    int number = input.nextInt();
    Ex:
    import java.util.Scanner;
    class Input
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter
    an integer: ");
    int number = input.nextInt();
    System.out.println("You entered " + number);
    }
    }
    Where

     input object of Scanner class is created.

     the nextInt() method of the Scanner class is used to get

    integer input from the user.


     To get long, float, double and String input from the

    user, you can use,


    nextLong(), nextFloat(), nextDouble() and next() met
    hods respectively.

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