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    Lesson: Synthesis

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    isaspiegel2018

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    Lesson: Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    isaspiegel2018
    4 views3 pages

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    Bio

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views3 pages

    Lesson: Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    isaspiegel2018

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CHAPTER 10 -

    lesson 4
    Protein synthesis
    ~
    Genes are segments of DNA in the chromosome that code hereditary character
    -

    They direct the making of proteins through ribonucleic acid ( R NA)


    -
    Transcription DNA acts as a template for RNA synthesis
    :

    in
    Translation RNA :
    dir c et s the assembly of protein
    ↳
    forming proteins based on DNA carried out by DNA is called protein synthesis
    ~
    Proteins protect the body & carry oxygen in red blood cells
    :

    RNA structure & function


    -
    It is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides
    -
    Dile re noes with DNA :

    '
    R NA has ribose instead of deoxyribose
    '
    URACIL instead OF THY mine

    RNA
    ! DNA isis usually single stranded rather than double stranded
    longer

    Types of RNA
    messenger RNA carries the genetic message from DNA in the nucleus
    - :

    -
    to the ribosome in cytosol
    -
    ri bosom bat RNA part of the structure of ribosome ( where synthesis occurs) Bd
    :

    n
    transfer RNA transefrs amino acids ribosome ¥¥f
    : →
    Transcription
    I RNA polymerase catalyzes the RNA info with a DNA template & binds
    -

    to a promoter a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA binds


    →

    The DNA Strands unwind & separate


    1- Complementary to DNA RNA nucleotides are added
    ,
    -

    The resulting chain is an RNA molecule


    3- The termination signal is reached & the RNA polymerase releases DNA & RNA
    The RNA made could be either tRNA mRNA or rRNA
    -

    adenine +
    URACIL ( replaced thymine)

    guanine cytosine
    +

    €-2

    The genetic code


    ~
    Rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds
    to a particular amino acid
    ~
    3 nucleotides ( letters) specify an amino acid (word ) in a polypeptide
    Each 3 letters are
    codons
    ~
    a

    start codon AUG :

    -
    stop codons : UAA VA O UGA
    , ,
    Translation
    ~
    The making of protein
    →
    there are 20 different amino acids found in proteins
    ~
    The sequence of these amino acids determine the shape of the polypeptide in the protein
    steps
    I -

    tRNA & mRNA join


    -

    One end of tRNA will have an amino-acid & the other an anti codon
    ↳ me ti o nine

    2- Peptide bonds form between amino acids


    The ribosome moves the mRNA h tRNA
    3- The polypeptide chain continues to grow
    The first tRNA detaches
    4- Ribosome reaches stop codon
    New polypeptide falls off
    5- Everything is complete & the translation
    machinery leaves to repeat the process

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