Introduction

Topic:
The Relationship between Problematic Social Media use and its effects on the
Mental health of Adolescents.
Chapter I
Introduction
Merriam-Webster, Incorporated is an American company that defined Social

Media as “forms of electronic communication through which users create online
communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content”.
The term was first used in 2004, now it has been skyrocketed in the past several
years.
Social media that become integrated and essential part of the daily life has become
a major aspect of daily life while distributing its immense effects on the
environment. According to The World Health Organization (2021) every one in
seven adolescents having age from 10-19 are affecting by their mental health
aspects and resulting in many mental and psychological illness. Depression,
aggression, Substance abuse to suicide are the one side effects while on the
otherside online bullying which is called as cyberbullying is one of the major
problem that we are facing nowadays that has involve all internet technologies
( UNICEF,2023). Research into excessive and frequent usage of social network
activities has complied up many terms that use as title for this section of research
such as, “Social network site addiction ( SNS Addiction)”, “problematic usage of
social media and its effects” and many more. The section of users of social media
are above 3 million worldwide and approximately every 44,00000 individuals daily
upload their content on social media leading to an abnormal usage of social media
that takes another turn into their mental and physical health.
Researchers have received the relationship network social media usage and its
effects on mental health. Over the last few decades the usage of social media can
be explained by many other researchers such as, individuals visits social media
sites to engage into different website to get engage into many different types of
entertainment and social activity including playing games, socializing, passing
time, posting pictures and communicating with others (Allen et al., 2014, Ryan et
al., 2014). Although this has quickly become a normal modern phenomenon (boyd
& Ellison, 2007), concerns have been raised regarding the potential addictive use
of social media (e.g., Andreassen, 2015, Griffiths et al., 2014). Such excessive and
compulsive use has been explained by general addiction models (Griffiths, 2005)
and defined accordingly as “being overly concerned about social media, driven by
an uncontrollable motivation to log on to or use social media, and devoting so
much time and effort to social media that it impairs other important life areas”
(Andreassen & Pallesen, 2014, p. 4054). Brown & Bobkowski (2011) stated that
social media use can lead to harmful behaviors such as aggression, personality
disorder, unhealthy diet, early sexuality, tobacco and alcohol use in young people.
As a result, the psychological dependence level in social sharing develops when
this cyclical situation is repeated in order to get rid of the unwanted mood in social
media use
Problem Statement:
The idea that Internet use may have a negative effect on one’s wellbeing is not
new. In 1995, The HomeNet Project provided Internet access and a computer to 93
households that had no previous Internet experience and tracked their
psychological health over several years (Kraut et al., 2002). After the initial year of
Internet use the researchers concluded that greater use of the Internet was
associated with more signs of loneliness and depression. In this sense, the concept
of technological dependency has also been used to describe the extreme Internet
usage behaviors that arise due to developed technologies (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012;
Turel & Seronko, 2012). Internet addiction (Young, 2004, Sahin, 2011), game
addiction (Fisher, 1994, Griffiths & Hunt, 1998; Horzum, 2011), CyberSex
addiction (Cavaglion, 2009; Schwartz & Southern, 2000); online addiction (Tüzer,
2011), Social network addiction (Griffiths, 2012), mobile phone addiction (Bianchi
& Phillips, 2005; Fidan, 2016), Facebook addiction (Andreassen, Torsheim,
Brunborg & Pallesen, 2012), Twitter addiction (Said, Al-Rashid & Abdullah,
2014), social media disorder (van den Eijnden, Lemmens & Valkenburg, 2016)
and social media addiction (Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg and Pallesen, 2012;
Şahin & Yağcı, 2017) have been investigated in the context of behavioral addiction
and are gaining importance along with developing technology.
In 2012, Rosen, Cheever, and Carrier coined the term “iDisorder,” defined as the
negative relationship between technology usage and psychological health. Rosen et
el, researched on 1,143 college students who were using Facebook in their regular
routine and spent 10-15 hours on facebook. He studied that the students who are
using the social media platform facing later in their life major depressive disorder,
dysthymia, bipolar-mania, narcissism, antisocial personality disorder, and
compulsive behavior . according to the World Health Organization psychosis
Symptoms can include hallucinations or delusions. These experiences can impair
an adolescent’s ability to participate in daily life and education and often lead to
stigma or human rights violations.
Turne & Serenko (2012) demonstrate three notionally indvidual perspectives to

show the causes and formation of social network addiction:
Cognitive-behavioral model; this model emphasizes that ‘abnormal’ social

networking arises from maladaptive cognitions and is amplified by various
environmental factors, and eventually leads to compulsive and/or addictive social
networking.
Social skill model; this model emphasizes that ‘abnormal’ social networking arises
because people lack self-presentational skills and prefer virtual communication to
face-to-face interactions, and it eventually leads to compulsive and/or addictive use
of social networking.
Socio-cognitive model; this model emphasizes that ‘abnormal’ social networking

arises due to the expectation of positive outcomes, combined with internet self-
efficacy and deficient internet self-regulation eventually leads to compulsive
and/or addictive social networking behavior (Griffiths, 2013).
Social Media and Depression
A Croatian study (Pantic et al., 2012) found that high school students who spent
their time more in facebook than other things was positively correlated with
depression. Selfhout et al. (2009) studied the behavior and interrelation of
adolescents who are active users of social media, and found that adolscents who
have high frequency of social media usage reported low friendship qualities and
react to depression integrates more than two time more than the normal human
being. Conversely, those with low friendship quality who used social media
primarily for passive use at Time 1 were more likely to be depressed and socially
anxious at Time 2.
Fear of missing out (FOMO) and social media addiction.
A fear of missing out (FOMO) is a mental condition which compel you again and
again to return back to social media. FOMO makes one as fear full and worried
about the feelings that may be something is there that she/he need to see or catch
immediately on social media either it is chat with the fellows or friends or there is
an intense feelings that you may suffer your relationship with your spouse if you
did not reply the message back immediately, or there would be some important
gossip around me and about me on social group that I shall see first. Or maybe you
feel that your relationships will suffer if you don’t immediately like, share, or
respond to other people’s posts? Or there would be feelings like other people will
have more better time than you if you’ll miss out any group chat. Hence, FOMO
will continuously make you feel that there are something that you need to response
immediately otherwise you will be left alone.
Engaging in risky behavior is an another impact of having problematic usage of

social media which is make for the sake of gain likes shares and fame on social
media. It include dangerous pranks, post embarrassing material, cyberbully others,
or access your phone while driving or in other unsafe situation.

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Topic:

Merriam-Webster, Incorporated is an American company that defined Social

Turne & Serenko (2012) demonstrate three notionally indvidual perspectives to

Cognitive-behavioral model; this model emphasizes that ‘abnormal’ social

Socio-cognitive model; this model emphasizes that ‘abnormal’ social networking

Social Media and Depression

Fear of missing out (FOMO) and social media addiction.

Engaging in risky behavior is an another impact of having problematic usage of

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