Subtes : English

Questions 61 - 64 are based on the following passage.

Text 11
What is commonly called pepper in reality comes from two very different families of plants. Black and
white pepper both come from the fruit of the Piper nigrum, a vine with fruits called peppercorns. The
peppercorns turn from green to red as they ripen and finally blacken as they dry out. The dried-out peppercorns
are ground to obtain black pepper. White pepper, which has a more subtle flavor than black
s pepper, comes from the same peppercorns as black pepper; to obtain white pepper, the outer hull of the
peppercorn, the pericarp, is removed before the peppercorn is ground.
Red and green peppers, on the other hand, come from a completely different family from black and
white pepper. Red and green peppers are from the genus Capsicum. Plants of this type generally have tiny white
flowers and fruit which can be any one of a number of colors, shapes, and sizes. These peppers range in 10 flavor
from very mild and sweet to the most incredibly burning taste imaginable. Bell peppers are the most mild, while
habaneros are the most burning.
Christopher Columbus is responsible for the present-day confusion over what a pepper is. The Piper
nigrum variety of pepper was highly valued for centuries, and high demand for pepper by Europeans was a
major cause of the fifteenth-century push to locate ocean routes to the spice - growing regions of Asia. When
15 Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492, he was particularly interested in finding black pepper because of
the high price that it would command in Europe. Columbus came across plants from the Capsicum family in use
among the people of the New World, and he incorrectly identified them as relatives of black pepper. Columbus
introduced the spicy Capsicum chili peppers to Europeans on his return from the 1492 voyage, and traders later
spread them to Asia and Africa. These Capsicum peppers have continued to be called peppers in
20 spite of the fact that they are not related to the black and white pepper of the Piper nigrum family

61. What is the author's. main purpose in writing 63. With the statement "Columbus came across
the passage? plants from the Capsicum family in use
(A) To explain why there is confusion today among the people of the New World, and he
over peppers incorrectly identified them as relatives of black
(B) To provide the scientific classification of pepper." in line 7, the author intends to ....
various types of peppers (A) describe the Columbus' first sea voyage
(C) To demonstrate that it was Columbus who looking for black pepper
brought peppers to Europe (B) explain the cause of the present day
(D) To classify the variety of sizes, shapes, confusion over what a pepper is
and colors of peppers (C) show how pepper was highly demanded by
(E) To discuss the journey Columbus took to people mostly from Europeans
get peppers (D) confirm the need for black pepper not only
in Europe, but also in Asia and Africa
62. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according (E) prove that it is not easy to differentiate
to the text? between the two kinds of pepper
(A) Both black and white pepper come from the
shrub classified as Piper nigrum. 64. The word "push" in line 14 means
(B) White pepper is true pepper that is .... (A) remark
processed in the field differently than the (B) strength
black form. (C) drive
(C) Bell and habaneros peppers are not (D) belief
members of the Piper genus. (E) view
(D) Columbus discovered the New World
before the fifteenth-century.
(E) Columbus didn't find what he was looking
for.

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 Questions 65 - 68 are based on the following passage.
Text 12
Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called secondhand smoke, by persons other than intended
active smokers. Secondhand smoke can come in through cracks in the walls. It can hang around in hallways and
doorways where people have been smoking.
Breathing someone else's smoke can be deadly, especially if you live or work in a place where people
smoke. That is why it is so important for smokers to go all the way outside if they want a cigarette. When one
person smokes inside, it can cause problems for everyone else.
Children who are around tobacco smoke in their homes have more health problems like asthma
and ear infections. They are sicker and stay in bed more. They miss more school days than children whose
homes are smoke-free. Babies who live in homes with active smokers are more likely to die as infants than other
babies.
The first conclusive evidence on the danger of passive smoking came from Takeshi Hirayama's study in
1981 on lung cancer in non-smoking Japanese women married to men who smoked. Although the tobacco
industry immediately launched a multimillion dollar campaign to discredit the evidence, dozens of further studies
have confirmed the link. Research then broadened into other areas and new scientific evidence continues to
accumulate.
The risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers exposed to passive smoking is increased by between 20 and 30
percent, and the excess risk of heart disease is 23 percent. Children are at particular risk from adults' smoking.
Adverse health effects include pneumonia and bronchitis, coughing ad wheezing, worsening of asthma, middle
ear diseases, and possibly neuro-behavioral impairment and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. A pregnant
woman's exposure to other people's smoking can harm her foetus. The effects are compounded when the child
is exposed to passive smoking after birth.
65. Which of the following best summarizes the 67. Based on the passage, which of the following
passage'? reflects the idea of relationships between the
(A) Children and pregnant women tend to get danger of passive smoking and Hirayama's
various diseases. study'?
(B) Children of smoking pregnant women will (A) Object and camera
be likely to smoke. (B) Scientistand findings
(C) Many smokers will not have serious health ( C) Recipe and good food
problems in their life. (D) Knowledge and reading
(D) Non-smokers living with smokers are likely (E) Crime - CCTV camera
to get health problems.
(E) Smokers and non-smokers are likely to get 68. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized
smoking-related diseases. that ....
(A) more people will surely die in the
66. The author explains the danger of breathing environment of smokers
someone's else smoke followed by .... (B) home settings determine whether
(A) suggestion for smokers if they want to somebody will smoke or not
smoke (C) a baby born from a mother who smokes
(B) consequencies of staying or working with will tend to be smokers
smokers (D) evidence of lung cancer will be greater in
(C) health problems caused by active smokers the baby of a smoking mother
(D) children who live around tobacco smoke (E) by avoiding passive smoking, chances of
(E) more evidence to support Hirayama's study getting deadly illnesses are lesser

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This text for question 69 to 72.
Text 13
It is a common misconception that bears hibernate during the winter. While bears tend to slow down
during the winter, they are not true hibernators. Black bears, Grizzly bears and Brown bears do go into a deep
sleep during the winter months, known as torpor.
Hibernation is when animals "sleep" through the winter. During this sleep, the animals will not wake up
when they hear a loud noise or even if they are moved or touched. While in torpor, the animal can wake up
quickly and easily. During true hibernation, the animal's body temperature drops to match the outside
temperature and their heart rate and rate of breathing slow down. During the beer's dormant state or torpor,
their heart rate is extremely low but their body temperature is relatively high, and they will not eat or release
bodily waste. Animals hibernate as a way to adapt to their surroundings. They have to be able to survive the
cold weather. They hibernate to escape the cold and because food is scarce.
To get ready for hibernation, animals will eat more than usual during the fall to store up body fat. During
hibernation and torpor, they will use up this extra body fat to live off of while not losing any muscle. This allows
the animal to come out of hibernation thinner and still as strong as it was before winter. They will get their dens
ready for hibernation during the late fall. The bears of International Exotic Animal Sanctuary (IEAS} get ready
usually late November depending on when the cold weather hits. The black bears in Bear Orphanage have taken
full advantage of the caves offered, but there are those who still dig a den.
For the bears of IEAS, they react differently during the winter months. All of the bears, grizzlies and
blacks, store up during the fall increasing their body fat. The four Grizzly bears will store up during the fall like
normal, and once it really cools down (usually late November to mid-December depending on the year} they
will den up only to come out during the warmer days. When they do come out, it's only for a short bit, and they
are not very active during that time. They are quick to retreat back to their cave.
The black bears slow down and spend most of the time in their dens or caves; however they still snack
a little throughout the winter. Dakar and Meyote did become dormant and actually dug their own den during
their first winter in Bear Orphanage but have been a little more active during the winter seasons since then. We
believe it is due to the other bears residing in Bear Orphanage. Their first year, it was just the two of them. Now
there are 8 bears residing with Dakar and Meyote.
69.The word 'true' in paragraph 1 can be best 72.What is the motive of the writer to present the
replaced by .... passage?
(A} accurate (A} To describe the details of some animals
(B) correct hibernation
(C} sincere (B} To. convince the readers that bears don't
(D) real hibernate
(E) pure (C} To share knowledge about different kinds of
hibernation
70.What is the topic of the passage? (D) To straighten people's misconception about
(A) Whether bears hibernate bears and hibernation
(B) Why bears don't hibernate (E) To persuade people to support an
(C) When bears hibernate environment conducive to hibernation
(D) Why bears hibernate
(E) How bears hibernate

71. With the sentence " ... , they are not

true hibernators." in paragraph 1, the writer
intends to ....
(A) explain the meaning of hibernation
(B) uncover the real conditions of bears'
hibernation
(C) underline the fact that bears don't actually
hibernate
(D) compare the bears' hibernation with other
animals'
(E) explain the process of bears' hibernation

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This text for question 73 to 75.
Text 14
If you had your choice, would you rather sit in an office all day to make a living or work from the comfort
of your own home? Nowadays, more and more businesses are allowing employees to work at least part of the
week from home. The idea of "telecommuting" is not that new and for many, it has been technically possible
since the Internet became widely accessible. Some employers, however, have been less willing to allow the
practice for fear that employees who were not being watched would become lazy and undisciplined. Actually,
recent evidence has shown that these fears are mostly unwarranted and that businesses can actually save a lot
of money on rent by converting more of their staff over to telecommuters.
In a normal telecommuting situation, a worker-will be given assignments and asked to complete them
or report on them, as in any other office job. The major difference is that most communication is done using the
telephone, email, and instant messaging. Some employers allow workers to choose which hours they will work;
others require them to be online during a normal work day. Either way, most telecommuters have the freedom
to work from home, or wherever else they would like.
Yet telecommuters often find that their freedom comes with a cost. Those who work outside the office
may discover that their employers are more willing to ask them, to work long or strange hours. In situations
where there are other family members at home, it can be difficult to keep work life and home life separate. Other
chores around the house can also serve as distractions, and there is the matter of getting office supplies like
printers and desks. Working at a coffee shop or a library may be a solution, but some locations put time limits
on Internet use. Sometimes employees actually take a room in their house and convert it over to a home office
- this can be quite helpful in creating an ideal working environment and provides the added benefit of a few
dollars back in the bank when tax time comes around.
73.How are ideas in paragraphs 1 and 2 related? 75. The author holds an assumption about
(A) Paragraph 1 explains a variety of use of the telecommuting that. ...
Internet explained in paragraph 2. (A) the employers do not need to worry about
(B) Paragraph 1 defines the idea of telecommuting their employees' discipline
further argued in paragraph 2. (B) the employers will get more benefits when
(C) Paragraph 2 exemplifies the idea of working at home
telecommuting described in paragraph 1. (C) working in the office will take procedures
(D) Paragraph 2 elaborates the advantages of different from working at home
working at home stated in paragraph 1. (.D) telecommuting gives financial risks to the
(E) Paragraph 2 details the concepts of employers and employees
communication introduced in paragraph 1. (E) telecommuting is more efficient than
working in the office
74.The author would apparently agree that. ...
(A) people will lose their interest to work for the
government
(B) both employers and employees will need no
work-load agreement
(C) there will be more skilled people who are
jobless due to telecommuting
(D) workers will enjoy more flexibility in
doing their work if they telecommute
(E) employees will like working at home better to
accommodate a new telecommuting system

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